Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan : A Look at the Data

Bold assertions have been made in policy reports and popular articles on the high and increasing enrollment in Pakistani religious schools, commonly known as madrassas. Given the importance placed on the subject by policymakers in Pakistan and those internationally, it is troubling that none of the...

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Main Authors:	Andrabi, Tahir, Das, Jishnu, Khwaja, Asim Ijaz, Zajonc, Tristan
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO EDUCATION ADULTS AGED CALL DISABLED CHILDREN EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STATISTICS EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL HISTORY EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT GROWTH ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLLMENTS EXERCISES FAMILIES GER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS JOURNALS LEARNING LITERACY LITERACY CLASSES MEDIA ORPHANS PAPERS PARENTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SCHOOL CENSUS SCHOOL CHOICE SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECULAR EDUCATION SIBLINGS TEACHING
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/02/5629056/religious-school-enrollment-pakistan-look-data http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8914

id	okr-10986-8914
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-89142021-04-23T14:02:42Z Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan : A Look at the Data Andrabi, Tahir Das, Jishnu Khwaja, Asim Ijaz Zajonc, Tristan ACCESS TO EDUCATION ADULTS AGED CALL DISABLED CHILDREN EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STATISTICS EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL HISTORY EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT GROWTH ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLLMENTS EXERCISES FAMILIES GER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS JOURNALS LEARNING LITERACY LITERACY CLASSES MEDIA ORPHANS PAPERS PARENTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SCHOOL CENSUS SCHOOL CHOICE SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECULAR EDUCATION SIBLINGS TEACHING Bold assertions have been made in policy reports and popular articles on the high and increasing enrollment in Pakistani religious schools, commonly known as madrassas. Given the importance placed on the subject by policymakers in Pakistan and those internationally, it is troubling that none of the reports and articles reviewed based their analysis on publicly available data or established statistical methodologies. The authors of this paper use published data sources and a census of schooling choice to show that existing estimates are inflated by an order of magnitude. Madrassas account for less than 1 percent of all enrollment in the country and there is no evidence of a dramatic increase in recent years. The educational landscape in Pakistan has changed substantially in the past decade, but this is due to an explosion of private schools, an important fact that has been left out of the debate on Pakistani education. Moreover, when the authors look at school choice, they find that no one explanation fits the data. While most existing theories of madrassa enrollment are based on household attributes (for instance, a preference for religious schooling or the household s access to other schooling options), the data show that among households with at least one child enrolled in a madrassa, 75 percent send their second (and/or third) child to a public or private school or both. Widely promoted theories simply do not explain this substantial variation within households. 2012-06-25T14:46:33Z 2012-06-25T14:46:33Z 2005-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/02/5629056/religious-school-enrollment-pakistan-look-data http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8914 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3521 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia Pakistan
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCESS TO EDUCATION ADULTS AGED CALL DISABLED CHILDREN EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STATISTICS EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL HISTORY EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT GROWTH ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLLMENTS EXERCISES FAMILIES GER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS JOURNALS LEARNING LITERACY LITERACY CLASSES MEDIA ORPHANS PAPERS PARENTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SCHOOL CENSUS SCHOOL CHOICE SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECULAR EDUCATION SIBLINGS TEACHING
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO EDUCATION ADULTS AGED CALL DISABLED CHILDREN EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STATISTICS EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL HISTORY EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT GROWTH ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLLMENTS EXERCISES FAMILIES GER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS JOURNALS LEARNING LITERACY LITERACY CLASSES MEDIA ORPHANS PAPERS PARENTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SCHOOL CENSUS SCHOOL CHOICE SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECULAR EDUCATION SIBLINGS TEACHING Andrabi, Tahir Das, Jishnu Khwaja, Asim Ijaz Zajonc, Tristan Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan : A Look at the Data
geographic_facet	South Asia Pakistan
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3521
description	Bold assertions have been made in policy reports and popular articles on the high and increasing enrollment in Pakistani religious schools, commonly known as madrassas. Given the importance placed on the subject by policymakers in Pakistan and those internationally, it is troubling that none of the reports and articles reviewed based their analysis on publicly available data or established statistical methodologies. The authors of this paper use published data sources and a census of schooling choice to show that existing estimates are inflated by an order of magnitude. Madrassas account for less than 1 percent of all enrollment in the country and there is no evidence of a dramatic increase in recent years. The educational landscape in Pakistan has changed substantially in the past decade, but this is due to an explosion of private schools, an important fact that has been left out of the debate on Pakistani education. Moreover, when the authors look at school choice, they find that no one explanation fits the data. While most existing theories of madrassa enrollment are based on household attributes (for instance, a preference for religious schooling or the household s access to other schooling options), the data show that among households with at least one child enrolled in a madrassa, 75 percent send their second (and/or third) child to a public or private school or both. Widely promoted theories simply do not explain this substantial variation within households.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Andrabi, Tahir Das, Jishnu Khwaja, Asim Ijaz Zajonc, Tristan
author_facet	Andrabi, Tahir Das, Jishnu Khwaja, Asim Ijaz Zajonc, Tristan
author_sort	Andrabi, Tahir
title	Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan : A Look at the Data
title_short	Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan : A Look at the Data
title_full	Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan : A Look at the Data
title_fullStr	Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan : A Look at the Data
title_full_unstemmed	Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan : A Look at the Data
title_sort	religious school enrollment in pakistan : a look at the data
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/02/5629056/religious-school-enrollment-pakistan-look-data http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8914
_version_	1764407119981838336

Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan : A Look at the Data

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