Structural Change and Poverty Reduction in Brazil : The Impact of the Doha Round

Over the medium time horizon, skill upgrading, differentials in sectoral technological progress, and migration of labor out of farming activities are some of the major structural adjustment factors shaping the evolution of an economy and its connected poverty trends. The main focus of the authors is...

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Main Authors:	Bussolo, Maurizio, Lay, Jann, van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ADVERSE IMPACT AGRARIAN REFORM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PERFORMANCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL WAGES AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE AVERAGE WAGE BENCHMARK CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM CHANGES IN POVERTY CHRONIC POVERTY DENSITY FUNCTION DEREGULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTIONAL DYNAMICS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICES DRIVERS EARNING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC TRENDS EDUCATIONAL LEVELS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT HISTORIES EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE EMPLOYMENT LEVELS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUATIONS EQUILIBRIUM ERROR TERM ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION RESULTS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPECTED WAGES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORT TAXES EXPORTS EXTREME POVERTY FACTOR MARKETS FACTOR PRICES FAMILY MEMBERS FARMING ACTIVITIES FINDING EMPLOYMENT FISCAL POLICIES FIXED COSTS GENDER GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HEADCOUNT RATIO HIGH INEQUALITY HIGH INEQUALITY COUNTRIES HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME GAINS INCOME GENERATION INCOMES FROM AGRICULTURE INFORMAL SECTOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOVEMENTS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLIES LABOR SUPPLY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND REFORM LANDOWNER LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK SECTOR LOW SHARE MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT MARGINAL EFFECT MEDIUM TERM MICRO DATA MICRO MODEL MULTILATERAL TRADE NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE EFFECT NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES OCCUPATION ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES POVERTY TRAPS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC INVESTMENT REAL GDP REFORM PROGRAM REGRESSION ANALYSIS RELATIVE INCOMES RELATIVE PRICES RISING UNEMPLOYMENT RISK AVERSION RURAL AREAS RURAL LIVELIHOODS RURAL POOR RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY SCHOOLING SELF-EMPLOYMENT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION SKILL UPGRADING SKILLED WORKERS SMALL FARMS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL POVERTY TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN AREAS URBAN POOR URBAN POVERTY UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE ADDED WAGE DIFFERENTIAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE RATE WAGE RATES WAGES WORKER WORKERS WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/02/6559532/structural-change-poverty-reduction-brazil-impact-doha-round http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8780

id	okr-10986-8780
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ADVERSE IMPACT AGRARIAN REFORM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PERFORMANCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL WAGES AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE AVERAGE WAGE BENCHMARK CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM CHANGES IN POVERTY CHRONIC POVERTY DENSITY FUNCTION DEREGULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTIONAL DYNAMICS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICES DRIVERS EARNING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC TRENDS EDUCATIONAL LEVELS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT HISTORIES EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE EMPLOYMENT LEVELS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUATIONS EQUILIBRIUM ERROR TERM ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION RESULTS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPECTED WAGES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORT TAXES EXPORTS EXTREME POVERTY FACTOR MARKETS FACTOR PRICES FAMILY MEMBERS FARMING ACTIVITIES FINDING EMPLOYMENT FISCAL POLICIES FIXED COSTS GENDER GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HEADCOUNT RATIO HIGH INEQUALITY HIGH INEQUALITY COUNTRIES HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME GAINS INCOME GENERATION INCOMES FROM AGRICULTURE INFORMAL SECTOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOVEMENTS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLIES LABOR SUPPLY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND REFORM LANDOWNER LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK SECTOR LOW SHARE MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT MARGINAL EFFECT MEDIUM TERM MICRO DATA MICRO MODEL MULTILATERAL TRADE NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE EFFECT NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES OCCUPATION ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES POVERTY TRAPS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC INVESTMENT REAL GDP REFORM PROGRAM REGRESSION ANALYSIS RELATIVE INCOMES RELATIVE PRICES RISING UNEMPLOYMENT RISK AVERSION RURAL AREAS RURAL LIVELIHOODS RURAL POOR RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY SCHOOLING SELF-EMPLOYMENT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION SKILL UPGRADING SKILLED WORKERS SMALL FARMS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL POVERTY TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN AREAS URBAN POOR URBAN POVERTY UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE ADDED WAGE DIFFERENTIAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE RATE WAGE RATES WAGES WORKER WORKERS WTO
spellingShingle	ADVERSE IMPACT AGRARIAN REFORM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PERFORMANCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL WAGES AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE AVERAGE WAGE BENCHMARK CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM CHANGES IN POVERTY CHRONIC POVERTY DENSITY FUNCTION DEREGULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTIONAL DYNAMICS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICES DRIVERS EARNING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC TRENDS EDUCATIONAL LEVELS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT HISTORIES EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE EMPLOYMENT LEVELS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUATIONS EQUILIBRIUM ERROR TERM ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION RESULTS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPECTED WAGES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORT TAXES EXPORTS EXTREME POVERTY FACTOR MARKETS FACTOR PRICES FAMILY MEMBERS FARMING ACTIVITIES FINDING EMPLOYMENT FISCAL POLICIES FIXED COSTS GENDER GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HEADCOUNT RATIO HIGH INEQUALITY HIGH INEQUALITY COUNTRIES HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME GAINS INCOME GENERATION INCOMES FROM AGRICULTURE INFORMAL SECTOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOVEMENTS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLIES LABOR SUPPLY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND REFORM LANDOWNER LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK SECTOR LOW SHARE MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT MARGINAL EFFECT MEDIUM TERM MICRO DATA MICRO MODEL MULTILATERAL TRADE NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE EFFECT NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES OCCUPATION ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES POVERTY TRAPS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC INVESTMENT REAL GDP REFORM PROGRAM REGRESSION ANALYSIS RELATIVE INCOMES RELATIVE PRICES RISING UNEMPLOYMENT RISK AVERSION RURAL AREAS RURAL LIVELIHOODS RURAL POOR RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY SCHOOLING SELF-EMPLOYMENT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION SKILL UPGRADING SKILLED WORKERS SMALL FARMS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL POVERTY TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN AREAS URBAN POOR URBAN POVERTY UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE ADDED WAGE DIFFERENTIAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE RATE WAGE RATES WAGES WORKER WORKERS WTO Bussolo, Maurizio Lay, Jann van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique Structural Change and Poverty Reduction in Brazil : The Impact of the Doha Round
geographic_facet	Latin America & Caribbean Brazil
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3833
description	Over the medium time horizon, skill upgrading, differentials in sectoral technological progress, and migration of labor out of farming activities are some of the major structural adjustment factors shaping the evolution of an economy and its connected poverty trends. The main focus of the authors is understanding, for the case of Brazil, how a trade shock interacts with these structural forces and ascertaining whether it enhances or hinders medium-term poverty reduction. In particular, they consider the interactions between the migration of labor out of agriculture, a potentially important poverty reduction factor, and trade liberalization, which increases the price incentives to stay in agriculture. A recursive-dynamic computable general equilibrium model simulates Doha scenarios and compares them against a business as usual scenario. The authors estimate the poverty effects using a microsimulation model that primarily takes into account individuals' labor supply decisions. Their analysis shows that trade liberalization does contribute to structural poverty reduction. But unless increased productivity and stronger growth rates are attributed to trade reform, its contribution to medium-term poverty reduction is rather small.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Bussolo, Maurizio Lay, Jann van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
author_facet	Bussolo, Maurizio Lay, Jann van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
author_sort	Bussolo, Maurizio
title	Structural Change and Poverty Reduction in Brazil : The Impact of the Doha Round
title_short	Structural Change and Poverty Reduction in Brazil : The Impact of the Doha Round
title_full	Structural Change and Poverty Reduction in Brazil : The Impact of the Doha Round
title_fullStr	Structural Change and Poverty Reduction in Brazil : The Impact of the Doha Round
title_full_unstemmed	Structural Change and Poverty Reduction in Brazil : The Impact of the Doha Round
title_sort	structural change and poverty reduction in brazil : the impact of the doha round
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/02/6559532/structural-change-poverty-reduction-brazil-impact-doha-round http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8780
_version_	1764405988271587328
spelling	okr-10986-87802021-04-23T14:02:40Z Structural Change and Poverty Reduction in Brazil : The Impact of the Doha Round Bussolo, Maurizio Lay, Jann van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique ADVERSE IMPACT AGRARIAN REFORM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PERFORMANCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL WAGES AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE AVERAGE WAGE BENCHMARK CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM CHANGES IN POVERTY CHRONIC POVERTY DENSITY FUNCTION DEREGULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTIONAL DYNAMICS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICES DRIVERS EARNING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC TRENDS EDUCATIONAL LEVELS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT HISTORIES EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE EMPLOYMENT LEVELS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUATIONS EQUILIBRIUM ERROR TERM ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION RESULTS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXPECTED WAGES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORT TAXES EXPORTS EXTREME POVERTY FACTOR MARKETS FACTOR PRICES FAMILY MEMBERS FARMING ACTIVITIES FINDING EMPLOYMENT FISCAL POLICIES FIXED COSTS GENDER GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HEADCOUNT RATIO HIGH INEQUALITY HIGH INEQUALITY COUNTRIES HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME GAINS INCOME GENERATION INCOMES FROM AGRICULTURE INFORMAL SECTOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOVEMENTS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLIES LABOR SUPPLY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND REFORM LANDOWNER LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK SECTOR LOW SHARE MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT MARGINAL EFFECT MEDIUM TERM MICRO DATA MICRO MODEL MULTILATERAL TRADE NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE EFFECT NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES OCCUPATION ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES POVERTY TRAPS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC INVESTMENT REAL GDP REFORM PROGRAM REGRESSION ANALYSIS RELATIVE INCOMES RELATIVE PRICES RISING UNEMPLOYMENT RISK AVERSION RURAL AREAS RURAL LIVELIHOODS RURAL POOR RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY SCHOOLING SELF-EMPLOYMENT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION SKILL UPGRADING SKILLED WORKERS SMALL FARMS STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL POVERTY TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN AREAS URBAN POOR URBAN POVERTY UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE ADDED WAGE DIFFERENTIAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE RATE WAGE RATES WAGES WORKER WORKERS WTO Over the medium time horizon, skill upgrading, differentials in sectoral technological progress, and migration of labor out of farming activities are some of the major structural adjustment factors shaping the evolution of an economy and its connected poverty trends. The main focus of the authors is understanding, for the case of Brazil, how a trade shock interacts with these structural forces and ascertaining whether it enhances or hinders medium-term poverty reduction. In particular, they consider the interactions between the migration of labor out of agriculture, a potentially important poverty reduction factor, and trade liberalization, which increases the price incentives to stay in agriculture. A recursive-dynamic computable general equilibrium model simulates Doha scenarios and compares them against a business as usual scenario. The authors estimate the poverty effects using a microsimulation model that primarily takes into account individuals' labor supply decisions. Their analysis shows that trade liberalization does contribute to structural poverty reduction. But unless increased productivity and stronger growth rates are attributed to trade reform, its contribution to medium-term poverty reduction is rather small. 2012-06-22T15:23:11Z 2012-06-22T15:23:11Z 2006-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/02/6559532/structural-change-poverty-reduction-brazil-impact-doha-round http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8780 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3833 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean Brazil

Structural Change and Poverty Reduction in Brazil : The Impact of the Doha Round

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