Exports, University-Industry Linkages, and Innovation Challenges in Bangalore, India

The success of the Indian software industry is now internationally recognized. Consequently, scholars, policymakers, and industry officials everywhere generally anticipate the increasing competitiveness of India in high technology activities. Using a structural framework, the author argues that Bang...

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Main Author:	D'Costa, Anthony P.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ADVANCED SKILLS ANALOG ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASIC CITIES COLLABORATION COLLEGES COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT COMPONENTS COMPUTER CENTERS COMPUTER MAINTENANCE COMPUTER SIMULATION COMPUTING CROSS-FERTILIZATION CURRICULUM DEGREE PROGRAMS DEGREES DEVICES E-MAIL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ELECTRONICS EMBEDDED SYSTEMS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ENGINEERING ENGINEERS ENTRY BARRIERS FACULTY MEMBERS GLOBAL MARKET GRADUATE STUDENTS HARDWARE HIGH TECHNOLOGY HIGHER EDUCATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION INFORMATICS INFORMATION NETWORKS INFORMATION SERVICES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTENSIVE GROWTH INTERNAL BRAIN DRAIN IT SERVICES LABOR MARKETS LEARNING LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES LINUX MICROELECTRONICS MICROWAVES MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MODELING NETWORKS NEW TECHNOLOGIES OUTSOURCING PAPERS POLYTECHNICS PRIVATE COLLEGES PROGRAMMING PROGRAMS RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES SCHOLARS SCIENCE RESEARCH SEMICONDUCTOR SEMICONDUCTORS SKILLED PROFESSIONALS SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE COMPANIES SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE EXPORTS SOFTWARE INDUSTRY SOFTWARE PRODUCTS SPORTS STUDENT POPULATION SUPERCOMPUTERS SYSTEMS INTEGRATION TEACHING TECHNICAL EDUCATION TECHNICAL INSTITUTES TECHNICAL TRAINING TECHNOLOGICAL LEARNING TERTIARY EDUCATION TRAINING CENTERS TRAINING INSTITUTES TRAINING PROGRAMS UNIVERSITIES WIRELESS WORKERS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6727826/exports-university-industry-linkages-innovation-challenges-bangalore-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8725

id	okr-10986-8725
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-87252021-04-23T14:02:40Z Exports, University-Industry Linkages, and Innovation Challenges in Bangalore, India D'Costa, Anthony P. ADVANCED SKILLS ANALOG ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASIC CITIES COLLABORATION COLLEGES COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT COMPONENTS COMPUTER CENTERS COMPUTER MAINTENANCE COMPUTER SIMULATION COMPUTING CROSS-FERTILIZATION CURRICULUM DEGREE PROGRAMS DEGREES DEVICES E-MAIL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ELECTRONICS EMBEDDED SYSTEMS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ENGINEERING ENGINEERS ENTRY BARRIERS FACULTY MEMBERS GLOBAL MARKET GRADUATE STUDENTS HARDWARE HIGH TECHNOLOGY HIGHER EDUCATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION INFORMATICS INFORMATION NETWORKS INFORMATION SERVICES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTENSIVE GROWTH INTERNAL BRAIN DRAIN IT SERVICES LABOR MARKETS LEARNING LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES LINUX MICROELECTRONICS MICROWAVES MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MODELING NETWORKS NEW TECHNOLOGIES OUTSOURCING PAPERS POLYTECHNICS PRIVATE COLLEGES PROGRAMMING PROGRAMS RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES SCHOLARS SCIENCE RESEARCH SEMICONDUCTOR SEMICONDUCTORS SKILLED PROFESSIONALS SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE COMPANIES SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE EXPORTS SOFTWARE INDUSTRY SOFTWARE PRODUCTS SPORTS STUDENT POPULATION SUPERCOMPUTERS SYSTEMS INTEGRATION TEACHING TECHNICAL EDUCATION TECHNICAL INSTITUTES TECHNICAL TRAINING TECHNOLOGICAL LEARNING TERTIARY EDUCATION TRAINING CENTERS TRAINING INSTITUTES TRAINING PROGRAMS UNIVERSITIES WIRELESS WORKERS The success of the Indian software industry is now internationally recognized. Consequently, scholars, policymakers, and industry officials everywhere generally anticipate the increasing competitiveness of India in high technology activities. Using a structural framework, the author argues that Bangalore's (and India's) information technology (IT) industry is predicated on an Indian business model which does not encourage thick institutional linkages such as those encapsulated by the triple helix model. Under this institutional arrangement there is cross-fertilization of new ideas and new modes of institutional interaction between industry, academia, and government. Though there are several hundred IT businesses in a milieu of numerous engineering and science colleges and high-end public sector research institutes, the supposed thick institutional architecture is in reality quite thin. This is due to a particular type of an export-oriented model which is based on off-shore development of software services, targeted mainly to the United States. Neither domestic market nor non-U.S. markets such as East Asia are pursued aggressively by Indian firms, which offer alternative forms of learning. Consequently, Bangalore's dynamism in the IT industry stems from linear and extensive growth rather than nonlinear and intensive growth. The author argues that Bangalore has serious innovation challenges with weak university-industry linkages, lack of inter-firm collaboration, and the absence of cross-fertilization between the knowledge-intensive defense/public sector and the commercial IT industry. To strengthen Bangalore's and India's innovation system, the Indian business model must be reformed by diversifying geographical and product markets, stemming international and internal brain drain, and contributing to urban infrastructure. 2012-06-21T20:58:19Z 2012-06-21T20:58:19Z 2006-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6727826/exports-university-industry-linkages-innovation-challenges-bangalore-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8725 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3887 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ADVANCED SKILLS ANALOG ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASIC CITIES COLLABORATION COLLEGES COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT COMPONENTS COMPUTER CENTERS COMPUTER MAINTENANCE COMPUTER SIMULATION COMPUTING CROSS-FERTILIZATION CURRICULUM DEGREE PROGRAMS DEGREES DEVICES E-MAIL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ELECTRONICS EMBEDDED SYSTEMS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ENGINEERING ENGINEERS ENTRY BARRIERS FACULTY MEMBERS GLOBAL MARKET GRADUATE STUDENTS HARDWARE HIGH TECHNOLOGY HIGHER EDUCATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION INFORMATICS INFORMATION NETWORKS INFORMATION SERVICES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTENSIVE GROWTH INTERNAL BRAIN DRAIN IT SERVICES LABOR MARKETS LEARNING LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES LINUX MICROELECTRONICS MICROWAVES MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MODELING NETWORKS NEW TECHNOLOGIES OUTSOURCING PAPERS POLYTECHNICS PRIVATE COLLEGES PROGRAMMING PROGRAMS RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES SCHOLARS SCIENCE RESEARCH SEMICONDUCTOR SEMICONDUCTORS SKILLED PROFESSIONALS SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE COMPANIES SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE EXPORTS SOFTWARE INDUSTRY SOFTWARE PRODUCTS SPORTS STUDENT POPULATION SUPERCOMPUTERS SYSTEMS INTEGRATION TEACHING TECHNICAL EDUCATION TECHNICAL INSTITUTES TECHNICAL TRAINING TECHNOLOGICAL LEARNING TERTIARY EDUCATION TRAINING CENTERS TRAINING INSTITUTES TRAINING PROGRAMS UNIVERSITIES WIRELESS WORKERS
spellingShingle	ADVANCED SKILLS ANALOG ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASIC CITIES COLLABORATION COLLEGES COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT COMPONENTS COMPUTER CENTERS COMPUTER MAINTENANCE COMPUTER SIMULATION COMPUTING CROSS-FERTILIZATION CURRICULUM DEGREE PROGRAMS DEGREES DEVICES E-MAIL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ELECTRONICS EMBEDDED SYSTEMS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ENGINEERING ENGINEERS ENTRY BARRIERS FACULTY MEMBERS GLOBAL MARKET GRADUATE STUDENTS HARDWARE HIGH TECHNOLOGY HIGHER EDUCATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION INFORMATICS INFORMATION NETWORKS INFORMATION SERVICES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTENSIVE GROWTH INTERNAL BRAIN DRAIN IT SERVICES LABOR MARKETS LEARNING LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES LINUX MICROELECTRONICS MICROWAVES MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MODELING NETWORKS NEW TECHNOLOGIES OUTSOURCING PAPERS POLYTECHNICS PRIVATE COLLEGES PROGRAMMING PROGRAMS RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES SCHOLARS SCIENCE RESEARCH SEMICONDUCTOR SEMICONDUCTORS SKILLED PROFESSIONALS SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE COMPANIES SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE EXPORTS SOFTWARE INDUSTRY SOFTWARE PRODUCTS SPORTS STUDENT POPULATION SUPERCOMPUTERS SYSTEMS INTEGRATION TEACHING TECHNICAL EDUCATION TECHNICAL INSTITUTES TECHNICAL TRAINING TECHNOLOGICAL LEARNING TERTIARY EDUCATION TRAINING CENTERS TRAINING INSTITUTES TRAINING PROGRAMS UNIVERSITIES WIRELESS WORKERS D'Costa, Anthony P. Exports, University-Industry Linkages, and Innovation Challenges in Bangalore, India
geographic_facet	South Asia India
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3887
description	The success of the Indian software industry is now internationally recognized. Consequently, scholars, policymakers, and industry officials everywhere generally anticipate the increasing competitiveness of India in high technology activities. Using a structural framework, the author argues that Bangalore's (and India's) information technology (IT) industry is predicated on an Indian business model which does not encourage thick institutional linkages such as those encapsulated by the triple helix model. Under this institutional arrangement there is cross-fertilization of new ideas and new modes of institutional interaction between industry, academia, and government. Though there are several hundred IT businesses in a milieu of numerous engineering and science colleges and high-end public sector research institutes, the supposed thick institutional architecture is in reality quite thin. This is due to a particular type of an export-oriented model which is based on off-shore development of software services, targeted mainly to the United States. Neither domestic market nor non-U.S. markets such as East Asia are pursued aggressively by Indian firms, which offer alternative forms of learning. Consequently, Bangalore's dynamism in the IT industry stems from linear and extensive growth rather than nonlinear and intensive growth. The author argues that Bangalore has serious innovation challenges with weak university-industry linkages, lack of inter-firm collaboration, and the absence of cross-fertilization between the knowledge-intensive defense/public sector and the commercial IT industry. To strengthen Bangalore's and India's innovation system, the Indian business model must be reformed by diversifying geographical and product markets, stemming international and internal brain drain, and contributing to urban infrastructure.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	D'Costa, Anthony P.
author_facet	D'Costa, Anthony P.
author_sort	D'Costa, Anthony P.
title	Exports, University-Industry Linkages, and Innovation Challenges in Bangalore, India
title_short	Exports, University-Industry Linkages, and Innovation Challenges in Bangalore, India
title_full	Exports, University-Industry Linkages, and Innovation Challenges in Bangalore, India
title_fullStr	Exports, University-Industry Linkages, and Innovation Challenges in Bangalore, India
title_full_unstemmed	Exports, University-Industry Linkages, and Innovation Challenges in Bangalore, India
title_sort	exports, university-industry linkages, and innovation challenges in bangalore, india
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6727826/exports-university-industry-linkages-innovation-challenges-bangalore-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8725
_version_	1764405872002334720

Exports, University-Industry Linkages, and Innovation Challenges in Bangalore, India

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