Constraints to Growth and Job Creation in Low-Income Commonwealth of Independent States Countries
Despite sustained output growth since 1997, low-income Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries (CIS-7) have not experienced growth in employment, a phenomenon observed elsewhere in transitional economies and labeled as "jobless growth." The author addresses the causes of this ph...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6731309/constraints-growth-job-creation-low-income-commonwealth-independent-states-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8711 |
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okr-10986-87112021-04-23T14:02:40Z Constraints to Growth and Job Creation in Low-Income Commonwealth of Independent States Countries Verme, Paolo ABSOLUTE TERMS ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE BANK DEPOSITS CENTRAL ASIAN DEBT DEFLATORS DEVALUATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES ECONOMIC BARRIERS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ECONOMIC DECLINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC REFORMS EDUCATED WORKERS ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT POLICY EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ENTRY BARRIERS EXCESS SUPPLY EXISTING WORKFORCE EXPORTS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GNP GNP PER CAPITA HOUSEHOLD SURVEY INCOME INCOME SUPPORT INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL SECTOR INDUSTRIAL WAGES INDUSTRIALIZATION INFORMAL SECTOR JOB CREATION JOB PLACEMENT JOBLESS GROWTH JOBS LABOR COST LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET FRAMEWORK LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR OFFICES LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SHORTAGES LAND REFORMS LEVEL OF OUTPUT LOW EMPLOYMENT MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MERCHANTS NATURAL RESOURCES OCCUPATION OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT OUTPUT GROWTH OUTPUT PER CAPITA OUTPUT STRUCTURE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL INSTABILITY POOR PEOPLE POOR POLICIES POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PREVIOUS SECTION PRIVATE SECTOR PRO-POOR PRODUCTIVITY GAINS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING REAL WAGES RECESSION RECOMMENDATIONS RETAIL TRADE RURAL AREAS SECTOR REFORMS SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SMALL BUSINESSES TOTAL EMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURE UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURES UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES URBAN AREAS URBAN POVERTY VALUE ADDED WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WESTERN EUROPE WORKERS Despite sustained output growth since 1997, low-income Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries (CIS-7) have not experienced growth in employment, a phenomenon observed elsewhere in transitional economies and labeled as "jobless growth." The author addresses the causes of this phenomenon in the CIS-7. He argues that the lack of job creation is explained by a combination of structural factors, including capital-intensive growth, large potential for productivity gains among existing workers, and compartmentalized economies best depicted by a dual labor market framework. Agriculture and industry have performed asymmetrically and grown apart during the recession and during the growth periods. Agriculture provides subsistence and refuge from urban poverty and unemployment but is unable to grow beyond subsistence because it is disconnected from industrial manufacturing and because the agricultural infrastructure is depleted and underinvested. Industry has progressively lost its manufacturing capacity, and focuses on capital-intensive, highly productive sectors, and provides good wages for the few highly skilled workers. With governments and the international community currently refraining from investing in agricultural and industrial policies focused on reviving manufacturing, jobless growth is likely to persist. 2012-06-21T20:25:28Z 2012-06-21T20:25:28Z 2006-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6731309/constraints-growth-job-creation-low-income-commonwealth-independent-states-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8711 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3893 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABSOLUTE TERMS ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE BANK DEPOSITS CENTRAL ASIAN DEBT DEFLATORS DEVALUATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES ECONOMIC BARRIERS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ECONOMIC DECLINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC REFORMS EDUCATED WORKERS ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT POLICY EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ENTRY BARRIERS EXCESS SUPPLY EXISTING WORKFORCE EXPORTS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GNP GNP PER CAPITA HOUSEHOLD SURVEY INCOME INCOME SUPPORT INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL SECTOR INDUSTRIAL WAGES INDUSTRIALIZATION INFORMAL SECTOR JOB CREATION JOB PLACEMENT JOBLESS GROWTH JOBS LABOR COST LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET FRAMEWORK LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR OFFICES LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SHORTAGES LAND REFORMS LEVEL OF OUTPUT LOW EMPLOYMENT MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MERCHANTS NATURAL RESOURCES OCCUPATION OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT OUTPUT GROWTH OUTPUT PER CAPITA OUTPUT STRUCTURE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL INSTABILITY POOR PEOPLE POOR POLICIES POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PREVIOUS SECTION PRIVATE SECTOR PRO-POOR PRODUCTIVITY GAINS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING REAL WAGES RECESSION RECOMMENDATIONS RETAIL TRADE RURAL AREAS SECTOR REFORMS SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SMALL BUSINESSES TOTAL EMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURE UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURES UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES URBAN AREAS URBAN POVERTY VALUE ADDED WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WESTERN EUROPE WORKERS |
| spellingShingle |
ABSOLUTE TERMS ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE BANK DEPOSITS CENTRAL ASIAN DEBT DEFLATORS DEVALUATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES ECONOMIC BARRIERS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ECONOMIC DECLINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC REFORMS EDUCATED WORKERS ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT POLICY EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ENTRY BARRIERS EXCESS SUPPLY EXISTING WORKFORCE EXPORTS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GNP GNP PER CAPITA HOUSEHOLD SURVEY INCOME INCOME SUPPORT INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL SECTOR INDUSTRIAL WAGES INDUSTRIALIZATION INFORMAL SECTOR JOB CREATION JOB PLACEMENT JOBLESS GROWTH JOBS LABOR COST LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET FRAMEWORK LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR OFFICES LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SHORTAGES LAND REFORMS LEVEL OF OUTPUT LOW EMPLOYMENT MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MERCHANTS NATURAL RESOURCES OCCUPATION OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT OUTPUT GROWTH OUTPUT PER CAPITA OUTPUT STRUCTURE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL INSTABILITY POOR PEOPLE POOR POLICIES POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PREVIOUS SECTION PRIVATE SECTOR PRO-POOR PRODUCTIVITY GAINS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING REAL WAGES RECESSION RECOMMENDATIONS RETAIL TRADE RURAL AREAS SECTOR REFORMS SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SMALL BUSINESSES TOTAL EMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURE UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURES UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES URBAN AREAS URBAN POVERTY VALUE ADDED WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WESTERN EUROPE WORKERS Verme, Paolo Constraints to Growth and Job Creation in Low-Income Commonwealth of Independent States Countries |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3893 |
| description |
Despite sustained output growth since 1997, low-income Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries (CIS-7) have not experienced growth in employment, a phenomenon observed elsewhere in transitional economies and labeled as "jobless growth." The author addresses the causes of this phenomenon in the CIS-7. He argues that the lack of job creation is explained by a combination of structural factors, including capital-intensive growth, large potential for productivity gains among existing workers, and compartmentalized economies best depicted by a dual labor market framework. Agriculture and industry have performed asymmetrically and grown apart during the recession and during the growth periods. Agriculture provides subsistence and refuge from urban poverty and unemployment but is unable to grow beyond subsistence because it is disconnected from industrial manufacturing and because the agricultural infrastructure is depleted and underinvested. Industry has progressively lost its manufacturing capacity, and focuses on capital-intensive, highly productive sectors, and provides good wages for the few highly skilled workers. With governments and the international community currently refraining from investing in agricultural and industrial policies focused on reviving manufacturing, jobless growth is likely to persist. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Verme, Paolo |
| author_facet |
Verme, Paolo |
| author_sort |
Verme, Paolo |
| title |
Constraints to Growth and Job Creation in Low-Income Commonwealth of Independent States Countries |
| title_short |
Constraints to Growth and Job Creation in Low-Income Commonwealth of Independent States Countries |
| title_full |
Constraints to Growth and Job Creation in Low-Income Commonwealth of Independent States Countries |
| title_fullStr |
Constraints to Growth and Job Creation in Low-Income Commonwealth of Independent States Countries |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Constraints to Growth and Job Creation in Low-Income Commonwealth of Independent States Countries |
| title_sort |
constraints to growth and job creation in low-income commonwealth of independent states countries |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6731309/constraints-growth-job-creation-low-income-commonwealth-independent-states-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8711 |
| _version_ |
1764406172647948288 |