Half a World : Regional Inequality in Five Great Federations
The paper studies regional (spatial) inequality in the five most populous countries in the world: China, India, the United States, Indonesia, and Brazil in the period 1980-2000. They are all federations or quasi-federations composed of entities with substantial economic autonomy. Two types of region...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/09/6259308/half-world-regional-inequality-five-great-federations http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8597 |
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okr-10986-85972021-04-23T14:02:43Z Half a World : Regional Inequality in Five Great Federations Milanovic, Branko ANNUAL INFLATION AVERAGE INCOME CITIZENS CONSTANT PRICES CPI DATA COVERAGE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC THEORY ENDOGENOUS GROWTH GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HIGH INFLATION HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INCOME INCOME CONVERGENCE INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCREASED INEQUALITY INCREASING INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY WILL INCREASE INTERNATIONAL TRADE MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEAN LOG DEVIATION NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL SURVEYS NOMINAL INCOMES PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES PERSONAL INCOME POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL STABILITY POOR POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP POVERTY REDUCTION PURCHASING POWER RAPID INCREASE REAL GROWTH REAL INCOME REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGRESSION ANALYSIS RELATIVE INCOME RISING INEQUALITY WAGES WELFARE INDICATORS The paper studies regional (spatial) inequality in the five most populous countries in the world: China, India, the United States, Indonesia, and Brazil in the period 1980-2000. They are all federations or quasi-federations composed of entities with substantial economic autonomy. Two types of regional inequalities are considered: Concept 1 inequality, which is inequality between mean incomes (GDP per capita) of states/provinces, and Concept 2 inequality, which is inequality between population-weighted regional mean incomes. The first inequality speaks to the issue of regional convergence, the second, to the issue of overall inequality as perceived by citizens within a nation. All three Asian countries show rising inequality in terms of both concepts in the 1990s. Divergence in income outcomes is particularly noticeable for the most populous states/provinces in China and India. The United States, where regional inequality is the least, shows further convergence. Brazil, with the highest level of regional inequality, displays no trend. A regression analysis fails to establish robust association between the usual macroeconomic variables and the two types of regional inequality. 2012-06-20T21:39:44Z 2012-06-20T21:39:44Z 2005-09 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/09/6259308/half-world-regional-inequality-five-great-federations http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8597 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3699 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean South Asia East Asia and Pacific China India Indonesia United States Brazil |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ANNUAL INFLATION AVERAGE INCOME CITIZENS CONSTANT PRICES CPI DATA COVERAGE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC THEORY ENDOGENOUS GROWTH GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HIGH INFLATION HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INCOME INCOME CONVERGENCE INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCREASED INEQUALITY INCREASING INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY WILL INCREASE INTERNATIONAL TRADE MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEAN LOG DEVIATION NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL SURVEYS NOMINAL INCOMES PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES PERSONAL INCOME POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL STABILITY POOR POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP POVERTY REDUCTION PURCHASING POWER RAPID INCREASE REAL GROWTH REAL INCOME REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGRESSION ANALYSIS RELATIVE INCOME RISING INEQUALITY WAGES WELFARE INDICATORS |
| spellingShingle |
ANNUAL INFLATION AVERAGE INCOME CITIZENS CONSTANT PRICES CPI DATA COVERAGE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC THEORY ENDOGENOUS GROWTH GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HIGH INFLATION HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INCOME INCOME CONVERGENCE INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCREASED INEQUALITY INCREASING INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY WILL INCREASE INTERNATIONAL TRADE MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEAN LOG DEVIATION NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL SURVEYS NOMINAL INCOMES PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES PERSONAL INCOME POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL STABILITY POOR POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP POVERTY REDUCTION PURCHASING POWER RAPID INCREASE REAL GROWTH REAL INCOME REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGRESSION ANALYSIS RELATIVE INCOME RISING INEQUALITY WAGES WELFARE INDICATORS Milanovic, Branko Half a World : Regional Inequality in Five Great Federations |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean South Asia East Asia and Pacific China India Indonesia United States Brazil |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3699 |
| description |
The paper studies regional (spatial) inequality in the five most populous countries in the world: China, India, the United States, Indonesia, and Brazil in the period 1980-2000. They are all federations or quasi-federations composed of entities with substantial economic autonomy. Two types of regional inequalities are considered: Concept 1 inequality, which is inequality between mean incomes (GDP per capita) of states/provinces, and Concept 2 inequality, which is inequality between population-weighted regional mean incomes. The first inequality speaks to the issue of regional convergence, the second, to the issue of overall inequality as perceived by citizens within a nation. All three Asian countries show rising inequality in terms of both concepts in the 1990s. Divergence in income outcomes is particularly noticeable for the most populous states/provinces in China and India. The United States, where regional inequality is the least, shows further convergence. Brazil, with the highest level of regional inequality, displays no trend. A regression analysis fails to establish robust association between the usual macroeconomic variables and the two types of regional inequality. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Milanovic, Branko |
| author_facet |
Milanovic, Branko |
| author_sort |
Milanovic, Branko |
| title |
Half a World : Regional Inequality in Five Great Federations |
| title_short |
Half a World : Regional Inequality in Five Great Federations |
| title_full |
Half a World : Regional Inequality in Five Great Federations |
| title_fullStr |
Half a World : Regional Inequality in Five Great Federations |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Half a World : Regional Inequality in Five Great Federations |
| title_sort |
half a world : regional inequality in five great federations |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/09/6259308/half-world-regional-inequality-five-great-federations http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8597 |
| _version_ |
1764407735768580096 |