Bolivia : Poverty Assessment, Establishing the Basis for More Pro-Poor Growth

Bolivia faces high levels of persistent poverty and inequality. In 2002, 65 percent of the population was living in poverty and, of that, nearly 40 percent in extreme poverty. There was a decline in poverty in the mid-1990s, however, the rate today remains close to the level of the early 1990s. In a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Poverty Assessment
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO ASSETS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURE AVERAGE INCOMES BASIC EDUCATION CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL INFLOWS CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM COMMUNITY ASSETS COMPETITIVENESS COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION POVERTY CREDIT MARKETS DEBT DECLINE IN POVERTY DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DISMISSAL DOMESTIC MARKETS EARNING ECONOMIC BOOM ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC SITUATION EDUCATED WORKERS ELASTICITY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT CREATION EQUAL ACCESS EXPLAINING CHANGES EXPORTS EXTREME POVERTY FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN FARM PRODUCTION FINANCIAL SECTOR FIRM PRODUCTIVITY FIRM SIZE FISCAL CONSTRAINTS FORMAL SECTOR WORKERS FREE TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH POTENTIAL GROWTH PROJECTIONS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HIGH OPPORTUNITY COSTS HIGH POVERTY HIGH WAGE HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GAINS INCOME GENERATION INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME POVERTY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATES INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL SECTOR INVESTMENT CLIMATE JOB CREATION JOB SECURITY LABOR COST LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR LAWS LABOR LEGISLATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET INTERMEDIATION LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR REGULATIONS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MALNUTRITION MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MARGINAL RETURNS MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL POVERTY NEW CROP VARIETIES NUTRITION NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT OUTPUT PER CAPITA PAID WORKERS PAYING JOBS PER CAPITA GROWTH PER CAPITA INCOME PERSISTENT POVERTY POLICY DETERMINANTS POLICY INTERVENTIONS POLICY REFORMS POLITICAL STABILITY POOR AREAS POOR COUNTRIES POOR FAMILIES POOR PEOPLE POOR POLICY POORER REGIONS POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY FRONT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LEVEL POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MAP POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY POVERTY TARGET PRIMARY EDUCATION PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTIVITY GAINS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC POLICY REAL WAGES REDUCED POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REFORM EFFORTS REGIONAL AVERAGES RESOURCE ALLOCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL DWELLERS RURAL ECONOMY RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKETS RURAL MIGRATION RURAL POOR RURAL POVERTY RURAL RESIDENTS SALARIED WORKERS SANITATION SCHOOLING SELF-EMPLOYMENT SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SMALL BUSINESS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL PROGRAMS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SPENDING STRUCTURAL POLICIES SUBSISTENCE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TELECOMMUNICATIONS THIN MARKETS TRANSACTIONS COSTS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNEQUAL COUNTRIES UNSKILLED LABOR URBAN AREAS URBAN POVERTY VALUE ADDED WAGE LEVELS WORKER
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/12/6555336/bolivia-poverty-assessment-establishing-basis-more-pro-poor-growth-bolivia-poverty-assessment-establishing-basis-pro-poor-growth http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8412

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Summary:	Bolivia faces high levels of persistent poverty and inequality. In 2002, 65 percent of the population was living in poverty and, of that, nearly 40 percent in extreme poverty. There was a decline in poverty in the mid-1990s, however, the rate today remains close to the level of the early 1990s. In addition, income distribution in Bolivia is among the most unequal in Latin America. This report suggests three main reasons for the continuing high levels of poverty and inequality: First, growth during the 1990s was concentrated in natural resource-based exports, which have a relatively low demand for labor services while labor-intensive sectors and poorer regions grew at a lower rate. Second, the low productivity of firms, particularly in the informal labor-intensive sector, has held back the growth of both employment and wages. Third, the poor have inadequate opportunities to improve their human capital (e.g., through quality education, especially secondary and above), despite recent progress in access to basic education. This results in low labor productivity and restricted access to better-paying jobs. The main overall policy lesson is that broad-based economic growth, sustained over the long term, is a fundamental and necessary condition to reduce poverty and inequality. However, this needs to be supported by policies to improve labor productivity and job creation. This can be accomplished through (1) removing obstacles to firm modernization and growth, and integrating them further into the formal sector; (2) modernizing business and labor regulations in line with international best-practice to allow integration and competition in the world economy; and (3) strengthening human capital and social protection for the poor to enhance their productivity and ability to market their labor.

Bolivia : Poverty Assessment, Establishing the Basis for More Pro-Poor Growth

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