Global Redistribution of Income
The actual distribution of world income across countries is extremely unequal, much higher than the within country inequality faced by most countries. The question studied in this paper is: How do international policies on aid, trade, and factor movements affect the international distribution of inc...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/07/6913954/global-redistribution-income http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8384 |
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okr-10986-8384 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
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English |
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ABSOLUTE VALUE AGGREGATE INEQUALITY BASE YEAR BENCHMARK BENCHMARKS BILATERAL DONORS BILATERAL GRANTS CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL FLOWS CITIZEN CITIZENS COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CUMULATIVE POPULATION DEBT DEBT FORGIVENESS DEBT SERVICE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT ECONOMIC BARRIERS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EQUAL DISTRIBUTION EQUILIBRIUM EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FACTOR INCOME FOREIGN AID FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP DEFLATOR GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GINI COEFFICIENT GRANT ELEMENTS GROSS NATIONAL INCOME GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATES HIGH INEQUALITY HOST COUNTRIES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION POLICIES IMPACT ANALYSIS IMPACT OF POLICIES INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME TRANSFER INCOMES INCREASED REDISTRIBUTION INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY AVERSION INEQUALITY MEASURES INTERNATIONAL BORDERS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL POLICIES INTERNATIONAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR FORCE LATIN AMERICAN LORENZ CURVE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARKET IMPERFECTIONS MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MULTILATERAL TRADE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONALS NEGATIVE GROWTH NEGATIVE IMPACT OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE OPEN ECONOMY POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR COUNTRIES POPULATION SIZE POVERTY REDUCTION POWER PARITY PROGRAMS PROGRESS PROTECTIONISM PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RATES OF GROWTH REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL INCOME RECIPIENT COUNTRIES RECIPIENT COUNTRY REDISTRIBUTION POLICIES REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE INCOME REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REPATRIATION RESPECT SIMULATIONS SOCIAL WELFARE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TARGETING TRADE BALANCE TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE REFORMS VALUE JUDGMENTS WAR WELL-BEING WORLD POPULATION |
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ABSOLUTE VALUE AGGREGATE INEQUALITY BASE YEAR BENCHMARK BENCHMARKS BILATERAL DONORS BILATERAL GRANTS CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL FLOWS CITIZEN CITIZENS COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CUMULATIVE POPULATION DEBT DEBT FORGIVENESS DEBT SERVICE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT ECONOMIC BARRIERS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EQUAL DISTRIBUTION EQUILIBRIUM EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FACTOR INCOME FOREIGN AID FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP DEFLATOR GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GINI COEFFICIENT GRANT ELEMENTS GROSS NATIONAL INCOME GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATES HIGH INEQUALITY HOST COUNTRIES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION POLICIES IMPACT ANALYSIS IMPACT OF POLICIES INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME TRANSFER INCOMES INCREASED REDISTRIBUTION INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY AVERSION INEQUALITY MEASURES INTERNATIONAL BORDERS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL POLICIES INTERNATIONAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR FORCE LATIN AMERICAN LORENZ CURVE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARKET IMPERFECTIONS MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MULTILATERAL TRADE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONALS NEGATIVE GROWTH NEGATIVE IMPACT OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE OPEN ECONOMY POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR COUNTRIES POPULATION SIZE POVERTY REDUCTION POWER PARITY PROGRAMS PROGRESS PROTECTIONISM PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RATES OF GROWTH REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL INCOME RECIPIENT COUNTRIES RECIPIENT COUNTRY REDISTRIBUTION POLICIES REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE INCOME REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REPATRIATION RESPECT SIMULATIONS SOCIAL WELFARE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TARGETING TRADE BALANCE TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE REFORMS VALUE JUDGMENTS WAR WELL-BEING WORLD POPULATION Bourguignon, François Levin, Victoria Rosenblatt, David Global Redistribution of Income |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3961 |
| description |
The actual distribution of world income across countries is extremely unequal, much higher than the within country inequality faced by most countries. The question studied in this paper is: How do international policies on aid, trade, and factor movements affect the international distribution of income? To begin to answer this question, the authors calculate the impact by decile of the actual level of aid flows and the effect on potential income of merchandise trade restrictions by high-income countries. They find that aid's distributional impact is equality enhancing. While it is extremely small in terms of changes in standard inequality measures, it is of some importance for the lowest decile of the world's income distribution. The authors also find that some of this impact is counteracted by lost potential income in the lower deciles from merchandise trade barriers imposed by high-income countries. In brief, there is a contradiction in international policies where aid's equality-enhancing effect is somewhat offset by protectionism. They also discuss some of the analytical difficulties with extending this analysis of redistribution to other forms of international factor flows-more specifically, migrant worker and profit remittances. The analysis presented is partial and static and ignores within country distribution. As such, the authors suggest that future research should explore the distributional consequences of the broader general equilibrium effects, dynamic effects, and externalities associated with aid, trade, and factor flows. Future research should also analyze the within country distributional impacts of international policies. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Bourguignon, François Levin, Victoria Rosenblatt, David |
| author_facet |
Bourguignon, François Levin, Victoria Rosenblatt, David |
| author_sort |
Bourguignon, François |
| title |
Global Redistribution of Income |
| title_short |
Global Redistribution of Income |
| title_full |
Global Redistribution of Income |
| title_fullStr |
Global Redistribution of Income |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Global Redistribution of Income |
| title_sort |
global redistribution of income |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/07/6913954/global-redistribution-income http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8384 |
| _version_ |
1764406176613662720 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-83842021-04-23T14:02:41Z Global Redistribution of Income Bourguignon, François Levin, Victoria Rosenblatt, David ABSOLUTE VALUE AGGREGATE INEQUALITY BASE YEAR BENCHMARK BENCHMARKS BILATERAL DONORS BILATERAL GRANTS CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL FLOWS CITIZEN CITIZENS COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CUMULATIVE POPULATION DEBT DEBT FORGIVENESS DEBT SERVICE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT ECONOMIC BARRIERS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EQUAL DISTRIBUTION EQUILIBRIUM EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FACTOR INCOME FOREIGN AID FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP DEFLATOR GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GINI COEFFICIENT GRANT ELEMENTS GROSS NATIONAL INCOME GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATES HIGH INEQUALITY HOST COUNTRIES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION POLICIES IMPACT ANALYSIS IMPACT OF POLICIES INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME TRANSFER INCOMES INCREASED REDISTRIBUTION INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY AVERSION INEQUALITY MEASURES INTERNATIONAL BORDERS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL POLICIES INTERNATIONAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR FORCE LATIN AMERICAN LORENZ CURVE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARKET IMPERFECTIONS MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MULTILATERAL TRADE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONALS NEGATIVE GROWTH NEGATIVE IMPACT OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE OPEN ECONOMY POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR COUNTRIES POPULATION SIZE POVERTY REDUCTION POWER PARITY PROGRAMS PROGRESS PROTECTIONISM PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RATES OF GROWTH REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL INCOME RECIPIENT COUNTRIES RECIPIENT COUNTRY REDISTRIBUTION POLICIES REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE INCOME REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REPATRIATION RESPECT SIMULATIONS SOCIAL WELFARE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TARGETING TRADE BALANCE TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE REFORMS VALUE JUDGMENTS WAR WELL-BEING WORLD POPULATION The actual distribution of world income across countries is extremely unequal, much higher than the within country inequality faced by most countries. The question studied in this paper is: How do international policies on aid, trade, and factor movements affect the international distribution of income? To begin to answer this question, the authors calculate the impact by decile of the actual level of aid flows and the effect on potential income of merchandise trade restrictions by high-income countries. They find that aid's distributional impact is equality enhancing. While it is extremely small in terms of changes in standard inequality measures, it is of some importance for the lowest decile of the world's income distribution. The authors also find that some of this impact is counteracted by lost potential income in the lower deciles from merchandise trade barriers imposed by high-income countries. In brief, there is a contradiction in international policies where aid's equality-enhancing effect is somewhat offset by protectionism. They also discuss some of the analytical difficulties with extending this analysis of redistribution to other forms of international factor flows-more specifically, migrant worker and profit remittances. The analysis presented is partial and static and ignores within country distribution. As such, the authors suggest that future research should explore the distributional consequences of the broader general equilibrium effects, dynamic effects, and externalities associated with aid, trade, and factor flows. Future research should also analyze the within country distributional impacts of international policies. 2012-06-18T22:20:37Z 2012-06-18T22:20:37Z 2006-07 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/07/6913954/global-redistribution-income http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8384 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3961 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |