Quantifying the Value of U.S. Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries

In recent debates, trade preference erosion has been viewed by some as damaging to developing countries, and by others as insignificant, except in a few cases. But little data have been available to back either view. The objective of this paper is to improve our measures of the size, utilization, an...

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Main Authors:	Dean, Judith M., Wainio, John
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE APPAREL APPAREL ACCOUNTS APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL PREFERENCES APPAREL PRODUCT APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL TRADE AVERAGE TARIFF BENEFICIARIES CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMISSIONERS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN COVERAGE CUSTOMS CUSTOMS VALUE EXPORTERS EXPORTS FREE ACCESS FREE ENTRY FREE TREATMENT GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES HIGH TARIFFS IMPORT DATA IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORTS OF TEXTILES INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION ITC LDCS LOW TARIFF MARKET ACCESS PERFECT SUBSTITUTES PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PROGRAMS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA RATES RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN SAVINGS SUGAR TARIFF DATA TARIFF EQUIVALENT TARIFF LINES TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF-RATE QUOTA TRADE ACT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE PARTNERSHIP TRADE POLICY TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE PROMOTION VALUE OF APPAREL VALUE OF IMPORTS WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/08/6951173/quantifying-value-tariff-preferences-developing-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8367

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spelling	okr-10986-83672021-04-23T14:02:41Z Quantifying the Value of U.S. Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries Dean, Judith M. Wainio, John AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE APPAREL APPAREL ACCOUNTS APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL PREFERENCES APPAREL PRODUCT APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL TRADE AVERAGE TARIFF BENEFICIARIES CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMISSIONERS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN COVERAGE CUSTOMS CUSTOMS VALUE EXPORTERS EXPORTS FREE ACCESS FREE ENTRY FREE TREATMENT GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES HIGH TARIFFS IMPORT DATA IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORTS OF TEXTILES INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION ITC LDCS LOW TARIFF MARKET ACCESS PERFECT SUBSTITUTES PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PROGRAMS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA RATES RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN SAVINGS SUGAR TARIFF DATA TARIFF EQUIVALENT TARIFF LINES TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF-RATE QUOTA TRADE ACT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE PARTNERSHIP TRADE POLICY TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE PROMOTION VALUE OF APPAREL VALUE OF IMPORTS WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WTO In recent debates, trade preference erosion has been viewed by some as damaging to developing countries, and by others as insignificant, except in a few cases. But little data have been available to back either view. The objective of this paper is to improve our measures of the size, utilization, and value of all U.S. nonreciprocal trade preference programs in order to shed light on this debate. Highly disaggregated data are used to quantify the margins, coverage, utilization, and value of agricultural and nonagricultural tariff preferences for all beneficiary countries in the U.S. regional programs and in the Generalized System of Preferences. Results show that U.S. regional tariff preference programs are generally characterized by high coverage of beneficiary countries'exports, high utilization by beneficiary countries, and low tariff preference margins (except on apparel). For 29 countries, the value of U.S. tariff preferences was 5 percent or more of 2003 dutiable exports to the United States, even after incorporating actual utilization. Most of this value is attributable to nonagricultural tariff preferences, and to apparel preferences in particular. These results suggest that preference erosion may be significant for more countries than many had thought. 2012-06-18T21:19:51Z 2012-06-18T21:19:51Z 2006-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/08/6951173/quantifying-value-tariff-preferences-developing-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8367 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3977 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE APPAREL APPAREL ACCOUNTS APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL PREFERENCES APPAREL PRODUCT APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL TRADE AVERAGE TARIFF BENEFICIARIES CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMISSIONERS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN COVERAGE CUSTOMS CUSTOMS VALUE EXPORTERS EXPORTS FREE ACCESS FREE ENTRY FREE TREATMENT GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES HIGH TARIFFS IMPORT DATA IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORTS OF TEXTILES INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION ITC LDCS LOW TARIFF MARKET ACCESS PERFECT SUBSTITUTES PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PROGRAMS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA RATES RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN SAVINGS SUGAR TARIFF DATA TARIFF EQUIVALENT TARIFF LINES TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF-RATE QUOTA TRADE ACT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE PARTNERSHIP TRADE POLICY TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE PROMOTION VALUE OF APPAREL VALUE OF IMPORTS WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WTO
spellingShingle	AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE APPAREL APPAREL ACCOUNTS APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL PREFERENCES APPAREL PRODUCT APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL TRADE AVERAGE TARIFF BENEFICIARIES CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMISSIONERS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN COVERAGE CUSTOMS CUSTOMS VALUE EXPORTERS EXPORTS FREE ACCESS FREE ENTRY FREE TREATMENT GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES HIGH TARIFFS IMPORT DATA IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORTS OF TEXTILES INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION ITC LDCS LOW TARIFF MARKET ACCESS PERFECT SUBSTITUTES PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PROGRAMS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA RATES RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN SAVINGS SUGAR TARIFF DATA TARIFF EQUIVALENT TARIFF LINES TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF-RATE QUOTA TRADE ACT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE PARTNERSHIP TRADE POLICY TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE PROMOTION VALUE OF APPAREL VALUE OF IMPORTS WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WTO Dean, Judith M. Wainio, John Quantifying the Value of U.S. Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3977
description	In recent debates, trade preference erosion has been viewed by some as damaging to developing countries, and by others as insignificant, except in a few cases. But little data have been available to back either view. The objective of this paper is to improve our measures of the size, utilization, and value of all U.S. nonreciprocal trade preference programs in order to shed light on this debate. Highly disaggregated data are used to quantify the margins, coverage, utilization, and value of agricultural and nonagricultural tariff preferences for all beneficiary countries in the U.S. regional programs and in the Generalized System of Preferences. Results show that U.S. regional tariff preference programs are generally characterized by high coverage of beneficiary countries'exports, high utilization by beneficiary countries, and low tariff preference margins (except on apparel). For 29 countries, the value of U.S. tariff preferences was 5 percent or more of 2003 dutiable exports to the United States, even after incorporating actual utilization. Most of this value is attributable to nonagricultural tariff preferences, and to apparel preferences in particular. These results suggest that preference erosion may be significant for more countries than many had thought.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Dean, Judith M. Wainio, John
author_facet	Dean, Judith M. Wainio, John
author_sort	Dean, Judith M.
title	Quantifying the Value of U.S. Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries
title_short	Quantifying the Value of U.S. Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries
title_full	Quantifying the Value of U.S. Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries
title_fullStr	Quantifying the Value of U.S. Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries
title_full_unstemmed	Quantifying the Value of U.S. Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries
title_sort	quantifying the value of u.s. tariff preferences for developing countries
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/08/6951173/quantifying-value-tariff-preferences-developing-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8367
_version_	1764406325316419584

Quantifying the Value of U.S. Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries

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