Nicaragua : Public Expenditure Review 2001-2006

Nicaragua has made impressive progress since 2001 in reducing the overall fiscal deficit. A series of internal and external shocks (hurricane Mitch, banking crisis, elections) reopened major fiscal gaps at the end of the 1990s, which threatened to...

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Main Author: World Bank
Format: Public Expenditure Review
Language:English
Published: Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9701111/nicaragua-public-expenditure-review-2001-2006
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8090
id okr-10986-8090
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK
ACCOUNTING
ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING
AGGREGATE DEMAND
AGGREGATE FISCAL
ALLOCATION
ANNUAL BUDGET
ANNUAL BUDGET FORMULATION
ANNUAL RATE
ARTICLE
BENEFICIARIES
BUDGET ALLOCATION
BUDGET ALLOCATION RULES
BUDGET ALLOCATIONS
BUDGET EXECUTION
BUDGET FORMULATION PROCESS
BUDGET FRAMEWORK
BUDGET PLANNING
BUDGET SUPPORT
BUDGET SUPPORT OPERATIONS
BUDGET TRANSFERS
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL SPENDING
CENTRAL BANK
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING
CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS
COST RECOVERY
DEBT
DEBT BURDEN
DEBT RELIEF
DEBT SERVICE
DEBT SUSTAINABILITY
DECENTRALIZATION
DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS
DECENTRALIZATION STRATEGY
DOMESTIC DEBT
DONOR AGENCIES
DONOR COORDINATION
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EDUCATION PROGRAM
EDUCATION SERVICES
EFFICIENCY GAINS
EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SPENDING
EXPENDITURE BUDGET
EXPENDITURE COMMITMENTS
EXPENDITURE CUTS
EXPENDITURE PLANNING
EXPENDITURE RESPONSIBILITIES
EXPENDITURES
EXTERNAL AUDIT
EXTERNAL DEBT
EXTERNAL SHOCKS
FINANCE MINISTRY
FINANCIAL RELATIONS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FISCAL ADJUSTMENT
FISCAL ADJUSTMENTS
FISCAL BALANCE
FISCAL CAPACITY
FISCAL CONSEQUENCES
FISCAL CONSTRAINTS
FISCAL CONTROL
FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION
FISCAL DEFICIT
FISCAL DISCIPLINE
FISCAL FRAMEWORK
FISCAL IMBALANCE
FISCAL IMBALANCES
FISCAL IMPACT
FISCAL INFORMATION
FISCAL MANAGEMENT
FISCAL POLICY
FISCAL PRESSURES
FISCAL PROBLEMS
FISCAL REVENUE
FISCAL RISK
FISCAL SAVINGS
FISCAL STABILITY
FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY
FISCAL TARGET
FISCAL TRANSFERS
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
GOVERNMENT REVENUES
GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION
GROWTH OF PUBLIC SPENDING
GROWTH RATE
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CENTERS
HEALTH EXPENDITURES
HEALTH OUTCOMES
HEALTH POLICY
HEALTH SECTOR
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH SPENDING
HEALTH WORKERS
INDIRECT COSTS
INFLATION
INFLATION RATE
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR
INTERNAL AUDIT
INTERNAL AUDIT CAPACITY
INTERNAL CONTROL
MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS
MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES
MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
MARGINAL COST
MARGINAL COSTS
MARKET FORCES
MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE
MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK
MULTILATERAL DONORS
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS
MUNICIPAL RESPONSIBILITIES
MUNICIPALITIES
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
NATIONAL INCOME
NET PRESENT VALUE
PENSION LIABILITIES
PENSION REFORM
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
PERFORMANCE ORIENTATION
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
POVERTY ASSESSMENT
POVERTY INDICATORS
POVERTY REDUCING
POVERTY REDUCTION
POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY
POVERTY REDUCTION SUPPORT
PRIVATE INVESTMENT
PRIVATE SAVINGS
PRIVATE SECTOR
PROCUREMENT DATA
PROGRAMS
PUBLIC CONSUMPTION
PUBLIC DEBT
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
PUBLIC ENTERPRISES
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
PUBLIC FINANCE
PUBLIC FINANCES
PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC FUNDS
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
PUBLIC INVESTMENT
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
PUBLIC RESOURCES
PUBLIC REVENUES
PUBLIC SECTOR
PUBLIC SECTOR BUDGET
PUBLIC SECTOR DEFICIT
PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES
PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT
PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC SECTOR SPENDING
PUBLIC SERVICES
PUBLIC SPENDING
QUALITY OF PUBLIC SPENDING
REFORM ACTIONS
REFORM PROCESS
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
REGULATORY SYSTEMS
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
REVENUE GROWTH
REVENUE INCREASES
ROAD MAINTENANCE
SANITATION
SECTOR EXPENDITURE
SERVICE DELIVERY
SERVICE QUALITY
SOCIAL EXPENDITURES
SOCIAL INDICATORS
SOCIAL PROTECTION
SOCIAL SECURITY
STRATEGIC PLANS
STRUCTURAL REFORMS
SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS
TAX ADMINISTRATION
TAX COLLECTION
TAX REVENUES
TOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
TRANSPARENCY
UNCERTAINTY
WAGE POLICY
spellingShingle ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK
ACCOUNTING
ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING
AGGREGATE DEMAND
AGGREGATE FISCAL
ALLOCATION
ANNUAL BUDGET
ANNUAL BUDGET FORMULATION
ANNUAL RATE
ARTICLE
BENEFICIARIES
BUDGET ALLOCATION
BUDGET ALLOCATION RULES
BUDGET ALLOCATIONS
BUDGET EXECUTION
BUDGET FORMULATION PROCESS
BUDGET FRAMEWORK
BUDGET PLANNING
BUDGET SUPPORT
BUDGET SUPPORT OPERATIONS
BUDGET TRANSFERS
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL SPENDING
CENTRAL BANK
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING
CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS
COST RECOVERY
DEBT
DEBT BURDEN
DEBT RELIEF
DEBT SERVICE
DEBT SUSTAINABILITY
DECENTRALIZATION
DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS
DECENTRALIZATION STRATEGY
DOMESTIC DEBT
DONOR AGENCIES
DONOR COORDINATION
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EDUCATION PROGRAM
EDUCATION SERVICES
EFFICIENCY GAINS
EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SPENDING
EXPENDITURE BUDGET
EXPENDITURE COMMITMENTS
EXPENDITURE CUTS
EXPENDITURE PLANNING
EXPENDITURE RESPONSIBILITIES
EXPENDITURES
EXTERNAL AUDIT
EXTERNAL DEBT
EXTERNAL SHOCKS
FINANCE MINISTRY
FINANCIAL RELATIONS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FISCAL ADJUSTMENT
FISCAL ADJUSTMENTS
FISCAL BALANCE
FISCAL CAPACITY
FISCAL CONSEQUENCES
FISCAL CONSTRAINTS
FISCAL CONTROL
FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION
FISCAL DEFICIT
FISCAL DISCIPLINE
FISCAL FRAMEWORK
FISCAL IMBALANCE
FISCAL IMBALANCES
FISCAL IMPACT
FISCAL INFORMATION
FISCAL MANAGEMENT
FISCAL POLICY
FISCAL PRESSURES
FISCAL PROBLEMS
FISCAL REVENUE
FISCAL RISK
FISCAL SAVINGS
FISCAL STABILITY
FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY
FISCAL TARGET
FISCAL TRANSFERS
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
GOVERNMENT REVENUES
GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION
GROWTH OF PUBLIC SPENDING
GROWTH RATE
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CENTERS
HEALTH EXPENDITURES
HEALTH OUTCOMES
HEALTH POLICY
HEALTH SECTOR
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH SPENDING
HEALTH WORKERS
INDIRECT COSTS
INFLATION
INFLATION RATE
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR
INTERNAL AUDIT
INTERNAL AUDIT CAPACITY
INTERNAL CONTROL
MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS
MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES
MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
MARGINAL COST
MARGINAL COSTS
MARKET FORCES
MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE
MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK
MULTILATERAL DONORS
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS
MUNICIPAL RESPONSIBILITIES
MUNICIPALITIES
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
NATIONAL INCOME
NET PRESENT VALUE
PENSION LIABILITIES
PENSION REFORM
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
PERFORMANCE ORIENTATION
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
POVERTY ASSESSMENT
POVERTY INDICATORS
POVERTY REDUCING
POVERTY REDUCTION
POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY
POVERTY REDUCTION SUPPORT
PRIVATE INVESTMENT
PRIVATE SAVINGS
PRIVATE SECTOR
PROCUREMENT DATA
PROGRAMS
PUBLIC CONSUMPTION
PUBLIC DEBT
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
PUBLIC ENTERPRISES
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
PUBLIC FINANCE
PUBLIC FINANCES
PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC FUNDS
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
PUBLIC INVESTMENT
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
PUBLIC RESOURCES
PUBLIC REVENUES
PUBLIC SECTOR
PUBLIC SECTOR BUDGET
PUBLIC SECTOR DEFICIT
PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES
PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT
PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC SECTOR SPENDING
PUBLIC SERVICES
PUBLIC SPENDING
QUALITY OF PUBLIC SPENDING
REFORM ACTIONS
REFORM PROCESS
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
REGULATORY SYSTEMS
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
REVENUE GROWTH
REVENUE INCREASES
ROAD MAINTENANCE
SANITATION
SECTOR EXPENDITURE
SERVICE DELIVERY
SERVICE QUALITY
SOCIAL EXPENDITURES
SOCIAL INDICATORS
SOCIAL PROTECTION
SOCIAL SECURITY
STRATEGIC PLANS
STRUCTURAL REFORMS
SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS
TAX ADMINISTRATION
TAX COLLECTION
TAX REVENUES
TOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
TRANSPARENCY
UNCERTAINTY
WAGE POLICY
World Bank
Nicaragua : Public Expenditure Review 2001-2006
geographic_facet Latin America & Caribbean
Nicaragua
description Nicaragua has made impressive progress since 2001 in reducing the overall fiscal deficit. A series of internal and external shocks (hurricane Mitch, banking crisis, elections) reopened major fiscal gaps at the end of the 1990s, which threatened to destabilize the economy. Since then, fiscal management has remained prudent in spite of spending pressures, resulting in an improvement of the combined public sector balance (after grants) from a deficit of 5.4 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2002 to a surplus of 0.2 percent in 2006. The Public Expenditure Review (PER) has assessed Nicaragua's Public Financial Management (PFM) performance, using an international framework of reference that addresses seven critical dimensions: (i) credibility of the budget; (ii) comprehensiveness and transparency; (iii) budget planning; (iv) predictability and control in budget execution; (v) accounting, recording, and reporting; (vi) external scrutiny and audit; and (vii) donor practices that affect PFM. The assessment reveals that significant progress has been made since January 2004 in the implementation of the 2003 Country Financial Accountability Assessment (CFAA) Action Plan, but that some areas require further attention. Based on that assessment, the following measures are considered critical for scaling up ongoing efforts to reform and modernize public financial management (PFM). Nicaragua has come a long way since the beginning of this decade in bringing its overall fiscal balances under control. This puts Nicaragua in a good position for combating poverty in a sustained manner. To maintain that position, however, it will need to overcome further challenges that threaten to undermine fiscal stability in the medium term, notably a rapidly growing public wage bill and fiscal transfers to the municipalities. Looking beyond macroeconomic stability, Nicaragua also needs to pick up the pace of economic growth in order to generate greater momentum in poverty reduction. In this regard, the PER has identified various options for improving the quality of public expenditures in key areas relevant for economic growth. It also pointed out the most important measures needed to modernize public expenditure management and, thereby, facilitate the adjustments needed to improve the quality of public spending in a cost-effective manner. It is hoped that these insights prove useful to the authorities in their efforts to promote faster growth and poverty reduction in Nicaragua.
format Economic & Sector Work :: Public Expenditure Review
author World Bank
author_facet World Bank
author_sort World Bank
title Nicaragua : Public Expenditure Review 2001-2006
title_short Nicaragua : Public Expenditure Review 2001-2006
title_full Nicaragua : Public Expenditure Review 2001-2006
title_fullStr Nicaragua : Public Expenditure Review 2001-2006
title_full_unstemmed Nicaragua : Public Expenditure Review 2001-2006
title_sort nicaragua : public expenditure review 2001-2006
publisher Washington, DC
publishDate 2012
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9701111/nicaragua-public-expenditure-review-2001-2006
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8090
_version_ 1764403437188939776
spelling okr-10986-80902021-04-23T14:02:36Z Nicaragua : Public Expenditure Review 2001-2006 World Bank ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK ACCOUNTING ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE DEMAND AGGREGATE FISCAL ALLOCATION ANNUAL BUDGET ANNUAL BUDGET FORMULATION ANNUAL RATE ARTICLE BENEFICIARIES BUDGET ALLOCATION BUDGET ALLOCATION RULES BUDGET ALLOCATIONS BUDGET EXECUTION BUDGET FORMULATION PROCESS BUDGET FRAMEWORK BUDGET PLANNING BUDGET SUPPORT BUDGET SUPPORT OPERATIONS BUDGET TRANSFERS CAPITAL EXPENDITURES CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL SPENDING CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS COST RECOVERY DEBT DEBT BURDEN DEBT RELIEF DEBT SERVICE DEBT SUSTAINABILITY DECENTRALIZATION DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS DECENTRALIZATION STRATEGY DOMESTIC DEBT DONOR AGENCIES DONOR COORDINATION ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATION PROGRAM EDUCATION SERVICES EFFICIENCY GAINS EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SPENDING EXPENDITURE BUDGET EXPENDITURE COMMITMENTS EXPENDITURE CUTS EXPENDITURE PLANNING EXPENDITURE RESPONSIBILITIES EXPENDITURES EXTERNAL AUDIT EXTERNAL DEBT EXTERNAL SHOCKS FINANCE MINISTRY FINANCIAL RELATIONS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL ADJUSTMENTS FISCAL BALANCE FISCAL CAPACITY FISCAL CONSEQUENCES FISCAL CONSTRAINTS FISCAL CONTROL FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DISCIPLINE FISCAL FRAMEWORK FISCAL IMBALANCE FISCAL IMBALANCES FISCAL IMPACT FISCAL INFORMATION FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL POLICY FISCAL PRESSURES FISCAL PROBLEMS FISCAL REVENUE FISCAL RISK FISCAL SAVINGS FISCAL STABILITY FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FISCAL TARGET FISCAL TRANSFERS GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT REVENUES GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION GROWTH OF PUBLIC SPENDING GROWTH RATE HEALTH CARE HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SPENDING HEALTH WORKERS INDIRECT COSTS INFLATION INFLATION RATE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR INTERNAL AUDIT INTERNAL AUDIT CAPACITY INTERNAL CONTROL MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COSTS MARKET FORCES MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK MULTILATERAL DONORS MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPAL RESPONSIBILITIES MUNICIPALITIES NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN NATIONAL INCOME NET PRESENT VALUE PENSION LIABILITIES PENSION REFORM PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT PERFORMANCE ORIENTATION PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY POVERTY REDUCTION SUPPORT PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRIVATE SAVINGS PRIVATE SECTOR PROCUREMENT DATA PROGRAMS PUBLIC CONSUMPTION PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC FINANCES PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC PROCUREMENT PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC REVENUES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR BUDGET PUBLIC SECTOR DEFICIT PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT PUBLIC SECTOR SPENDING PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING QUALITY OF PUBLIC SPENDING REFORM ACTIONS REFORM PROCESS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK REGULATORY SYSTEMS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVENUE GROWTH REVENUE INCREASES ROAD MAINTENANCE SANITATION SECTOR EXPENDITURE SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE QUALITY SOCIAL EXPENDITURES SOCIAL INDICATORS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SECURITY STRATEGIC PLANS STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS TAX ADMINISTRATION TAX COLLECTION TAX REVENUES TOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRANSPARENCY UNCERTAINTY WAGE POLICY Nicaragua has made impressive progress since 2001 in reducing the overall fiscal deficit. A series of internal and external shocks (hurricane Mitch, banking crisis, elections) reopened major fiscal gaps at the end of the 1990s, which threatened to destabilize the economy. Since then, fiscal management has remained prudent in spite of spending pressures, resulting in an improvement of the combined public sector balance (after grants) from a deficit of 5.4 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2002 to a surplus of 0.2 percent in 2006. The Public Expenditure Review (PER) has assessed Nicaragua's Public Financial Management (PFM) performance, using an international framework of reference that addresses seven critical dimensions: (i) credibility of the budget; (ii) comprehensiveness and transparency; (iii) budget planning; (iv) predictability and control in budget execution; (v) accounting, recording, and reporting; (vi) external scrutiny and audit; and (vii) donor practices that affect PFM. The assessment reveals that significant progress has been made since January 2004 in the implementation of the 2003 Country Financial Accountability Assessment (CFAA) Action Plan, but that some areas require further attention. Based on that assessment, the following measures are considered critical for scaling up ongoing efforts to reform and modernize public financial management (PFM). Nicaragua has come a long way since the beginning of this decade in bringing its overall fiscal balances under control. This puts Nicaragua in a good position for combating poverty in a sustained manner. To maintain that position, however, it will need to overcome further challenges that threaten to undermine fiscal stability in the medium term, notably a rapidly growing public wage bill and fiscal transfers to the municipalities. Looking beyond macroeconomic stability, Nicaragua also needs to pick up the pace of economic growth in order to generate greater momentum in poverty reduction. In this regard, the PER has identified various options for improving the quality of public expenditures in key areas relevant for economic growth. It also pointed out the most important measures needed to modernize public expenditure management and, thereby, facilitate the adjustments needed to improve the quality of public spending in a cost-effective manner. It is hoped that these insights prove useful to the authorities in their efforts to promote faster growth and poverty reduction in Nicaragua. 2012-06-14T20:18:27Z 2012-06-14T20:18:27Z 2008-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9701111/nicaragua-public-expenditure-review-2001-2006 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8090 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Public Expenditure Review Economic & Sector Work Latin America & Caribbean Nicaragua