Fiscal Policy, Public Expenditure Composition, and Growth : Theory and Empirics

This paper responds to the development policy debate involving the World Bank and the IMF on the use of fiscal policy not only for economic stabilization but also to promote economic growth and increase per capita income. A key issue in this debate...

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Main Authors:	Semmler, Willi, Greiner, Alfred, Diallo, Bobo, Rezai, Armon, Rajaram, Anand
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ANNUAL REVENUE BANK POLICY BONDS BUDGET CONSTRAINT BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUDGET DEFICIT BUDGET DEFICITS BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL ALLOCATION CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL FORMATION CAPITAL MARKETS CAPITAL STOCK CAPITAL STOCKS CATEGORIES OF EXPENDITURE CD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CORRECTIVE ACTION CORRUPTION CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS DEBT DEBT ISSUE DEBT LEVEL DEBT PAYMENTS DEBT POLICY DEBT RATIO DEBT REPAYMENT DEBT SERVICE DEBT SERVICES DEBT SUSTAINABILITY DEBT TO INCOME RATIO DEBT-TO-INCOME RATIO DECISION MAKING DEPRECIATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DISCOUNT RATE ECONOMETRIC TECHNIQUES ECONOMIC AGENTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC STABILIZATION ECONOMIC SURVEYS ECONOMIC SYSTEM EDUCATION EXPENDITURES EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SERVICES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY PARAMETERS ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION EQUATIONS EXPECTED VALUE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE CATEGORIES EXPENDITURE PARAMETERS EXTERNALITIES FACILITATION FEDERAL BUDGET FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL ADJUSTMENTS FISCAL DISCIPLINE FISCAL EXPENDITURE FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL POLICY RULES FISCAL RULES FOREIGN BORROWING FOREIGN DEBT GDP GENERAL PUBLIC GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT BORROWING GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT BUDGET CONSTRAINT GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT DEFICITS GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT FINANCE GOVERNMENT FINANCE STATISTICS GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROWTH MODEL GROWTH MODELS GROWTH RATE GROWTH THEORIES GROWTH THEORY HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SPENDING HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME LEVEL INCREASING RETURNS INDEBTEDNESS INEFFICIENCY INFRASTRUCTURE EXPENDITURE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INSURANCE INTEREST PAYMENTS INTEREST RATE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE INVESTMENT FUNDS LABOR FORCE LOAN LONG RUN DEBT LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME GROUP LOW-INCOME GROUPS LUMP-SUM TAXATION MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES MACROECONOMICS MARGINAL PRODUCT MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MILITARY SPENDING MONETARY FUND MORAL HAZARD NEGATIVE VALUES NET BORROWING NET CAPITAL NET DEBT NUMERICAL VALUE NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION OUTPUT RATIO PER CAPITA INCOME PHYSICAL CAPITAL POLICY DECISIONS POLICY DESIGN POLITICAL ECONOMY POVERTY REDUCTION PRESENT VALUE PRIVATE CAPITAL PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRIVATE MARKET PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC CAPITAL PUBLIC CONSUMPTION PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC DEFICITS PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING RATE OF GROWTH RECESSIONS REPAYMENTS RESERVE RESERVES RETURN SANITATION SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEMS SOCIAL SECURITY STATIC ANALYSES STATIC ANALYSIS STOCKS SUSTAINABLE DEBT LEVEL SUSTAINABLE FISCAL POLICY TAX TAX COLLECTION TAX RATE TAX REVENUE TAXATION TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRUST FUND UNCERTAINTY UNDERVALUATION UTILITY FUNCTION VALUABLE WAGE WAGE EXPENDITURE WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE WELFARE FUNCTION WITHDRAWAL WORLD INTEREST RATE WORTH
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/11/8736497/fiscal-policy-public-expenditure-composition-growth-theory-empirics http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7641

id	okr-10986-7641
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ANNUAL REVENUE BANK POLICY BONDS BUDGET CONSTRAINT BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUDGET DEFICIT BUDGET DEFICITS BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL ALLOCATION CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL FORMATION CAPITAL MARKETS CAPITAL STOCK CAPITAL STOCKS CATEGORIES OF EXPENDITURE CD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CORRECTIVE ACTION CORRUPTION CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS DEBT DEBT ISSUE DEBT LEVEL DEBT PAYMENTS DEBT POLICY DEBT RATIO DEBT REPAYMENT DEBT SERVICE DEBT SERVICES DEBT SUSTAINABILITY DEBT TO INCOME RATIO DEBT-TO-INCOME RATIO DECISION MAKING DEPRECIATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DISCOUNT RATE ECONOMETRIC TECHNIQUES ECONOMIC AGENTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC STABILIZATION ECONOMIC SURVEYS ECONOMIC SYSTEM EDUCATION EXPENDITURES EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SERVICES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY PARAMETERS ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION EQUATIONS EXPECTED VALUE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE CATEGORIES EXPENDITURE PARAMETERS EXTERNALITIES FACILITATION FEDERAL BUDGET FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL ADJUSTMENTS FISCAL DISCIPLINE FISCAL EXPENDITURE FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL POLICY RULES FISCAL RULES FOREIGN BORROWING FOREIGN DEBT GDP GENERAL PUBLIC GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT BORROWING GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT BUDGET CONSTRAINT GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT DEFICITS GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT FINANCE GOVERNMENT FINANCE STATISTICS GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROWTH MODEL GROWTH MODELS GROWTH RATE GROWTH THEORIES GROWTH THEORY HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SPENDING HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME LEVEL INCREASING RETURNS INDEBTEDNESS INEFFICIENCY INFRASTRUCTURE EXPENDITURE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INSURANCE INTEREST PAYMENTS INTEREST RATE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE INVESTMENT FUNDS LABOR FORCE LOAN LONG RUN DEBT LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME GROUP LOW-INCOME GROUPS LUMP-SUM TAXATION MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES MACROECONOMICS MARGINAL PRODUCT MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MILITARY SPENDING MONETARY FUND MORAL HAZARD NEGATIVE VALUES NET BORROWING NET CAPITAL NET DEBT NUMERICAL VALUE NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION OUTPUT RATIO PER CAPITA INCOME PHYSICAL CAPITAL POLICY DECISIONS POLICY DESIGN POLITICAL ECONOMY POVERTY REDUCTION PRESENT VALUE PRIVATE CAPITAL PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRIVATE MARKET PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC CAPITAL PUBLIC CONSUMPTION PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC DEFICITS PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING RATE OF GROWTH RECESSIONS REPAYMENTS RESERVE RESERVES RETURN SANITATION SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEMS SOCIAL SECURITY STATIC ANALYSES STATIC ANALYSIS STOCKS SUSTAINABLE DEBT LEVEL SUSTAINABLE FISCAL POLICY TAX TAX COLLECTION TAX RATE TAX REVENUE TAXATION TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRUST FUND UNCERTAINTY UNDERVALUATION UTILITY FUNCTION VALUABLE WAGE WAGE EXPENDITURE WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE WELFARE FUNCTION WITHDRAWAL WORLD INTEREST RATE WORTH
spellingShingle	ANNUAL REVENUE BANK POLICY BONDS BUDGET CONSTRAINT BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUDGET DEFICIT BUDGET DEFICITS BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL ALLOCATION CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL FORMATION CAPITAL MARKETS CAPITAL STOCK CAPITAL STOCKS CATEGORIES OF EXPENDITURE CD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CORRECTIVE ACTION CORRUPTION CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS DEBT DEBT ISSUE DEBT LEVEL DEBT PAYMENTS DEBT POLICY DEBT RATIO DEBT REPAYMENT DEBT SERVICE DEBT SERVICES DEBT SUSTAINABILITY DEBT TO INCOME RATIO DEBT-TO-INCOME RATIO DECISION MAKING DEPRECIATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DISCOUNT RATE ECONOMETRIC TECHNIQUES ECONOMIC AGENTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC STABILIZATION ECONOMIC SURVEYS ECONOMIC SYSTEM EDUCATION EXPENDITURES EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SERVICES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY PARAMETERS ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION EQUATIONS EXPECTED VALUE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE CATEGORIES EXPENDITURE PARAMETERS EXTERNALITIES FACILITATION FEDERAL BUDGET FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL ADJUSTMENTS FISCAL DISCIPLINE FISCAL EXPENDITURE FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL POLICY RULES FISCAL RULES FOREIGN BORROWING FOREIGN DEBT GDP GENERAL PUBLIC GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT BORROWING GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT BUDGET CONSTRAINT GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT DEFICITS GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT FINANCE GOVERNMENT FINANCE STATISTICS GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROWTH MODEL GROWTH MODELS GROWTH RATE GROWTH THEORIES GROWTH THEORY HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SPENDING HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME LEVEL INCREASING RETURNS INDEBTEDNESS INEFFICIENCY INFRASTRUCTURE EXPENDITURE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INSURANCE INTEREST PAYMENTS INTEREST RATE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE INVESTMENT FUNDS LABOR FORCE LOAN LONG RUN DEBT LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME GROUP LOW-INCOME GROUPS LUMP-SUM TAXATION MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES MACROECONOMICS MARGINAL PRODUCT MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MILITARY SPENDING MONETARY FUND MORAL HAZARD NEGATIVE VALUES NET BORROWING NET CAPITAL NET DEBT NUMERICAL VALUE NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION OUTPUT RATIO PER CAPITA INCOME PHYSICAL CAPITAL POLICY DECISIONS POLICY DESIGN POLITICAL ECONOMY POVERTY REDUCTION PRESENT VALUE PRIVATE CAPITAL PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRIVATE MARKET PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC CAPITAL PUBLIC CONSUMPTION PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC DEFICITS PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING RATE OF GROWTH RECESSIONS REPAYMENTS RESERVE RESERVES RETURN SANITATION SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEMS SOCIAL SECURITY STATIC ANALYSES STATIC ANALYSIS STOCKS SUSTAINABLE DEBT LEVEL SUSTAINABLE FISCAL POLICY TAX TAX COLLECTION TAX RATE TAX REVENUE TAXATION TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRUST FUND UNCERTAINTY UNDERVALUATION UTILITY FUNCTION VALUABLE WAGE WAGE EXPENDITURE WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE WELFARE FUNCTION WITHDRAWAL WORLD INTEREST RATE WORTH Semmler, Willi Greiner, Alfred Diallo, Bobo Rezai, Armon Rajaram, Anand Fiscal Policy, Public Expenditure Composition, and Growth : Theory and Empirics
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4405
description	This paper responds to the development policy debate involving the World Bank and the IMF on the use of fiscal policy not only for economic stabilization but also to promote economic growth and increase per capita income. A key issue in this debate relates to the effect of the composition of public expenditure on economic growth. Policy makers and some researchers have argued that expenditure on growth-enhancing functions could enhance future revenue and justify the provision of "fiscal space" in the budget. But there are no simple ways to identify the growth-maximizing composition of public expenditure. The current paper lays out a research strategy to explore the effects of fiscal policy, including the composition of public expenditure, on economic growth, using a time series approach. Based on the modeling strategy of Greiner, Semmler and Gong (2005) we develop a general model that features a government that undertakes public expenditure on (a) education and health facilities which enhance human capital, (b) public infrastructure such as roads and bridges necessary for market activity, (c) public administration to support government functions, (d) transfers and public consumption facilities, and (e) debt service. The proposed model is numerically solved, calibrated and the impact of the composition of public expenditure on the long-run per capita income explored for low-, lower-middle- and upper-middle-income countries. Policy implications and practical policy rules are spelled out, the extension to an estimable model indicated, a debt sustainability test proposed, and the out-of-steady-state dynamics studied.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Semmler, Willi Greiner, Alfred Diallo, Bobo Rezai, Armon Rajaram, Anand
author_facet	Semmler, Willi Greiner, Alfred Diallo, Bobo Rezai, Armon Rajaram, Anand
author_sort	Semmler, Willi
title	Fiscal Policy, Public Expenditure Composition, and Growth : Theory and Empirics
title_short	Fiscal Policy, Public Expenditure Composition, and Growth : Theory and Empirics
title_full	Fiscal Policy, Public Expenditure Composition, and Growth : Theory and Empirics
title_fullStr	Fiscal Policy, Public Expenditure Composition, and Growth : Theory and Empirics
title_full_unstemmed	Fiscal Policy, Public Expenditure Composition, and Growth : Theory and Empirics
title_sort	fiscal policy, public expenditure composition, and growth : theory and empirics
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/11/8736497/fiscal-policy-public-expenditure-composition-growth-theory-empirics http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7641
_version_	1764402624115769344
spelling	okr-10986-76412021-04-23T14:02:34Z Fiscal Policy, Public Expenditure Composition, and Growth : Theory and Empirics Semmler, Willi Greiner, Alfred Diallo, Bobo Rezai, Armon Rajaram, Anand ANNUAL REVENUE BANK POLICY BONDS BUDGET CONSTRAINT BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUDGET DEFICIT BUDGET DEFICITS BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL ALLOCATION CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL FORMATION CAPITAL MARKETS CAPITAL STOCK CAPITAL STOCKS CATEGORIES OF EXPENDITURE CD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CORRECTIVE ACTION CORRUPTION CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS DEBT DEBT ISSUE DEBT LEVEL DEBT PAYMENTS DEBT POLICY DEBT RATIO DEBT REPAYMENT DEBT SERVICE DEBT SERVICES DEBT SUSTAINABILITY DEBT TO INCOME RATIO DEBT-TO-INCOME RATIO DECISION MAKING DEPRECIATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DISCOUNT RATE ECONOMETRIC TECHNIQUES ECONOMIC AGENTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC STABILIZATION ECONOMIC SURVEYS ECONOMIC SYSTEM EDUCATION EXPENDITURES EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SERVICES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY PARAMETERS ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION EQUATIONS EXPECTED VALUE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE CATEGORIES EXPENDITURE PARAMETERS EXTERNALITIES FACILITATION FEDERAL BUDGET FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL ADJUSTMENTS FISCAL DISCIPLINE FISCAL EXPENDITURE FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL POLICY RULES FISCAL RULES FOREIGN BORROWING FOREIGN DEBT GDP GENERAL PUBLIC GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT BORROWING GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT BUDGET CONSTRAINT GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT DEFICITS GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT FINANCE GOVERNMENT FINANCE STATISTICS GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROWTH MODEL GROWTH MODELS GROWTH RATE GROWTH THEORIES GROWTH THEORY HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SPENDING HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME LEVEL INCREASING RETURNS INDEBTEDNESS INEFFICIENCY INFRASTRUCTURE EXPENDITURE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INSURANCE INTEREST PAYMENTS INTEREST RATE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE INVESTMENT FUNDS LABOR FORCE LOAN LONG RUN DEBT LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME GROUP LOW-INCOME GROUPS LUMP-SUM TAXATION MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES MACROECONOMICS MARGINAL PRODUCT MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MILITARY SPENDING MONETARY FUND MORAL HAZARD NEGATIVE VALUES NET BORROWING NET CAPITAL NET DEBT NUMERICAL VALUE NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION OUTPUT RATIO PER CAPITA INCOME PHYSICAL CAPITAL POLICY DECISIONS POLICY DESIGN POLITICAL ECONOMY POVERTY REDUCTION PRESENT VALUE PRIVATE CAPITAL PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRIVATE MARKET PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC CAPITAL PUBLIC CONSUMPTION PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC DEFICITS PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING RATE OF GROWTH RECESSIONS REPAYMENTS RESERVE RESERVES RETURN SANITATION SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEMS SOCIAL SECURITY STATIC ANALYSES STATIC ANALYSIS STOCKS SUSTAINABLE DEBT LEVEL SUSTAINABLE FISCAL POLICY TAX TAX COLLECTION TAX RATE TAX REVENUE TAXATION TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRUST FUND UNCERTAINTY UNDERVALUATION UTILITY FUNCTION VALUABLE WAGE WAGE EXPENDITURE WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE WELFARE FUNCTION WITHDRAWAL WORLD INTEREST RATE WORTH This paper responds to the development policy debate involving the World Bank and the IMF on the use of fiscal policy not only for economic stabilization but also to promote economic growth and increase per capita income. A key issue in this debate relates to the effect of the composition of public expenditure on economic growth. Policy makers and some researchers have argued that expenditure on growth-enhancing functions could enhance future revenue and justify the provision of "fiscal space" in the budget. But there are no simple ways to identify the growth-maximizing composition of public expenditure. The current paper lays out a research strategy to explore the effects of fiscal policy, including the composition of public expenditure, on economic growth, using a time series approach. Based on the modeling strategy of Greiner, Semmler and Gong (2005) we develop a general model that features a government that undertakes public expenditure on (a) education and health facilities which enhance human capital, (b) public infrastructure such as roads and bridges necessary for market activity, (c) public administration to support government functions, (d) transfers and public consumption facilities, and (e) debt service. The proposed model is numerically solved, calibrated and the impact of the composition of public expenditure on the long-run per capita income explored for low-, lower-middle- and upper-middle-income countries. Policy implications and practical policy rules are spelled out, the extension to an estimable model indicated, a debt sustainability test proposed, and the out-of-steady-state dynamics studied. 2012-06-11T14:58:15Z 2012-06-11T14:58:15Z 2007-11 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/11/8736497/fiscal-policy-public-expenditure-composition-growth-theory-empirics http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7641 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4405 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research

Fiscal Policy, Public Expenditure Composition, and Growth : Theory and Empirics

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