Aggregate Income Shocks and Infant Mortality in the Developing World
The diffusion of cost-effective life saving technologies has reduced infant mortality in much of the developing world. Income gains may also play a direct, protective role in ensuring child survival, although the empirical findings to date on this...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/09/9323631/infant-mortality-over-business-cycle-developing-world http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7627 |
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okr-10986-76272021-04-23T14:02:35Z Aggregate Income Shocks and Infant Mortality in the Developing World Baird, Sarah Friedman, Jed Schady, Norbert ABILITY TO PAY ADULT HEALTH ADULT MORTALITY AIDS EPIDEMIC AIR POLLUTION ARMED CONFLICT ARMED CONFLICTS BABIES CARE FOR CHILDREN CENSUSES CHILD BIRTH CHILD DEATHS CHILD HEALTH CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR COMPLICATIONS DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION DISEASE CONTROL ECONOMIC CHANGE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY EQUILIBRIUM EXPENDITURES FAMILIES FEMALE CHILDREN FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE MORTALITY FERTILITY FIRST BIRTHS GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HIV HIV INFECTION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES HYGIENE IMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD SURVIVAL INCOME INFANT INFANT DEATH INFANT DEATHS INFANT HEALTH INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INFANT MORTALITY RATES INFANTS INFECTION RATES INTEGRATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVE BIRTHS LOW BIRTHWEIGHT MALARIA MALE MORTALITY MANDATES MATERNAL HEALTH MEDICAL ATTENTION MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MORBIDITY MORTALITY DECLINE MORTALITY RISK MOTHER MULTIPLE BIRTH MULTIPLE BIRTHS NATALITY DATA NEONATAL MORTALITY NUMBER OF BIRTHS NUMBER OF DEATHS NUTRITION OLDER WOMEN PEACE PLACE OF RESIDENCE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION ASSOCIATION PREGNANCY PRENATAL CARE PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE PRIMARY SCHOOLING PROBABILITY PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES PUBLIC SERVICES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RADIATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS SEX SEX RATIO SMOKING SOCIAL SCIENCE STATE UNIVERSITY SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO URBAN AREAS USE OF HEALTH SERVICES VITAL STATISTICS VULNERABILITY WOMAN WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MOTHER YOUNG MOTHERS The diffusion of cost-effective life saving technologies has reduced infant mortality in much of the developing world. Income gains may also play a direct, protective role in ensuring child survival, although the empirical findings to date on this issue have been mixed. This paper assembles data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in 59 countries to analyze the relationship between changes in per capita GDP and infant mortality. The authors show that there is a strong, negative association between changes in per capita GDP and infant mortality- in a first-differenced specification the implied elasticity of infant mortality with respect to per capita GDP is approximately -0.56. In addition to this central result, two findings are noteworthy. First, although there is some evidence of changes in the composition of women giving birth during economic upturns and downturns, the observed changes in infant mortality are not a result of mothers with protective characteristics timing fertility to correspond with the business cycle. Second, the association between infant mortality and per capita GDP is particularly pronounced for periods of large contractions in GDP, suggesting the inability of developing country households or health systems (or both) to smooth resources. Simple back-of-the-envelope calculations using the estimates suggest that there may have been more than 1 million "excess" deaths in the developing world since 1980 as a result of large, negative contractions in per capita GDP. 2012-06-11T14:19:29Z 2012-06-11T14:19:29Z 2007-09 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/09/9323631/infant-mortality-over-business-cycle-developing-world http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7627 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4346 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABILITY TO PAY ADULT HEALTH ADULT MORTALITY AIDS EPIDEMIC AIR POLLUTION ARMED CONFLICT ARMED CONFLICTS BABIES CARE FOR CHILDREN CENSUSES CHILD BIRTH CHILD DEATHS CHILD HEALTH CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR COMPLICATIONS DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION DISEASE CONTROL ECONOMIC CHANGE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY EQUILIBRIUM EXPENDITURES FAMILIES FEMALE CHILDREN FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE MORTALITY FERTILITY FIRST BIRTHS GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HIV HIV INFECTION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES HYGIENE IMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD SURVIVAL INCOME INFANT INFANT DEATH INFANT DEATHS INFANT HEALTH INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INFANT MORTALITY RATES INFANTS INFECTION RATES INTEGRATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVE BIRTHS LOW BIRTHWEIGHT MALARIA MALE MORTALITY MANDATES MATERNAL HEALTH MEDICAL ATTENTION MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MORBIDITY MORTALITY DECLINE MORTALITY RISK MOTHER MULTIPLE BIRTH MULTIPLE BIRTHS NATALITY DATA NEONATAL MORTALITY NUMBER OF BIRTHS NUMBER OF DEATHS NUTRITION OLDER WOMEN PEACE PLACE OF RESIDENCE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION ASSOCIATION PREGNANCY PRENATAL CARE PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE PRIMARY SCHOOLING PROBABILITY PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES PUBLIC SERVICES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RADIATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS SEX SEX RATIO SMOKING SOCIAL SCIENCE STATE UNIVERSITY SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO URBAN AREAS USE OF HEALTH SERVICES VITAL STATISTICS VULNERABILITY WOMAN WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MOTHER YOUNG MOTHERS |
| spellingShingle |
ABILITY TO PAY ADULT HEALTH ADULT MORTALITY AIDS EPIDEMIC AIR POLLUTION ARMED CONFLICT ARMED CONFLICTS BABIES CARE FOR CHILDREN CENSUSES CHILD BIRTH CHILD DEATHS CHILD HEALTH CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR COMPLICATIONS DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION DISEASE CONTROL ECONOMIC CHANGE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY EQUILIBRIUM EXPENDITURES FAMILIES FEMALE CHILDREN FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE MORTALITY FERTILITY FIRST BIRTHS GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HIV HIV INFECTION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES HYGIENE IMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD SURVIVAL INCOME INFANT INFANT DEATH INFANT DEATHS INFANT HEALTH INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INFANT MORTALITY RATES INFANTS INFECTION RATES INTEGRATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVE BIRTHS LOW BIRTHWEIGHT MALARIA MALE MORTALITY MANDATES MATERNAL HEALTH MEDICAL ATTENTION MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MORBIDITY MORTALITY DECLINE MORTALITY RISK MOTHER MULTIPLE BIRTH MULTIPLE BIRTHS NATALITY DATA NEONATAL MORTALITY NUMBER OF BIRTHS NUMBER OF DEATHS NUTRITION OLDER WOMEN PEACE PLACE OF RESIDENCE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION ASSOCIATION PREGNANCY PRENATAL CARE PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE PRIMARY SCHOOLING PROBABILITY PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES PUBLIC SERVICES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RADIATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS SEX SEX RATIO SMOKING SOCIAL SCIENCE STATE UNIVERSITY SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO URBAN AREAS USE OF HEALTH SERVICES VITAL STATISTICS VULNERABILITY WOMAN WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MOTHER YOUNG MOTHERS Baird, Sarah Friedman, Jed Schady, Norbert Aggregate Income Shocks and Infant Mortality in the Developing World |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4346 |
| description |
The diffusion of cost-effective life
saving technologies has reduced infant mortality in much of
the developing world. Income gains may also play a direct,
protective role in ensuring child survival, although the
empirical findings to date on this issue have been mixed.
This paper assembles data from Demographic and Health
Surveys (DHS) in 59 countries to analyze the relationship
between changes in per capita GDP and infant mortality. The
authors show that there is a strong, negative association
between changes in per capita GDP and infant mortality- in a
first-differenced specification the implied elasticity of
infant mortality with respect to per capita GDP is
approximately -0.56. In addition to this central result,
two findings are noteworthy. First, although there is some
evidence of changes in the composition of women giving birth
during economic upturns and downturns, the observed changes
in infant mortality are not a result of mothers with
protective characteristics timing fertility to correspond
with the business cycle. Second, the association between
infant mortality and per capita GDP is particularly
pronounced for periods of large contractions in GDP,
suggesting the inability of developing country households or
health systems (or both) to smooth resources. Simple
back-of-the-envelope calculations using the estimates
suggest that there may have been more than 1 million
"excess" deaths in the developing world since 1980
as a result of large, negative contractions in per capita GDP. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Baird, Sarah Friedman, Jed Schady, Norbert |
| author_facet |
Baird, Sarah Friedman, Jed Schady, Norbert |
| author_sort |
Baird, Sarah |
| title |
Aggregate Income Shocks and Infant Mortality in the Developing World |
| title_short |
Aggregate Income Shocks and Infant Mortality in the Developing World |
| title_full |
Aggregate Income Shocks and Infant Mortality in the Developing World |
| title_fullStr |
Aggregate Income Shocks and Infant Mortality in the Developing World |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Aggregate Income Shocks and Infant Mortality in the Developing World |
| title_sort |
aggregate income shocks and infant mortality in the developing world |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/09/9323631/infant-mortality-over-business-cycle-developing-world http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7627 |
| _version_ |
1764402841842089984 |