Pension Institutions and Annuities in Denmark
This paper considers the overall structure of the Danish pension system, reviews the relative role of different types of pension institutions, and discusses their asset allocation strategies and investment performance. The paper also examines the r...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/12/8877300/pension-institutions-annuities-denmark http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7605 |
| id |
okr-10986-7605 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS ADDITIONAL SAVINGS ANNUAL CONTRIBUTIONS ASSET ACCUMULATION ASSET ALLOCATION ASSET ALLOCATIONS ASSET LIABILITY MATCHING AVERAGE BENEFIT AVERAGE CONTRIBUTION AVERAGE INTEREST AVERAGE INTEREST RATE AVERAGE WAGE BALANCE SHEET BANKING INSTITUTIONS BANKS BENEFIT ENTITLEMENTS BENEFIT PLAN BOND BONDS CALCULATION CALCULATIONS CAPITAL BASE CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS CAPITALIZATION CHOICE OF FUND CONSERVATIVE ASSUMPTIONS CONSUMER CONSUMER INFORMATION CONSUMER PROTECTION CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION PLAN CONTRIBUTION PLANS CONTRIBUTION PRINCIPLE CONTRIBUTION RATE CONTRIBUTION RATES CONTRIBUTION RECORD CONTRIBUTION SCHEMES CREDITORS CURRENCY CURRENCY RISK DEFERRED ANNUITIES DEFERRED ANNUITY DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION DIRECT EQUITY INVESTMENTS DIRECT INVESTMENTS DISABILITY DISABILITY BENEFITS DISABILITY INSURANCE DISABILITY PENSIONS DISCOUNT RATE DISPOSABLE INCOME DIVERSIFIED PORTFOLIOS EARLY RETIREMENT EARNINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE PEOPLE EMPLOYER PENSION EQUITIES EXCHANGE RATE EXPENSE RATIOS FINANCIAL DISTRESS FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL POLICY FINANCIAL SECURITY FINANCIAL SITUATION FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FOREIGN EQUITIES FUND MANAGERS GOVERNMENT BOND GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT SECURITIES INCOME INCOME GROUP INCOME SOURCE INCOME TAX INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS INDIVIDUAL PENSION INFLATION INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE POLICIES INSURANCE PRODUCTS INTEREST RATE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INVESTING INVESTMENT CHOICE INVESTMENT EXPENSE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE INVESTMENT POLICIES INVESTMENT POLICY INVESTMENT RETURN INVESTMENT RETURNS INVESTMENT RISK INVESTMENT RISKS INVESTMENTS IN EQUITIES JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES KIND OF INVESTMENT LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LEVEL OF CONTRIBUTIONS LIABILITY LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFE INSURANCE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIFETIME LOW INCOME LOW INCOME GROUPS LOW-INCOME LOWER INCOME LUMP SUM LUMP SUMS MARGINAL RATE MARKET CONCENTRATION MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET DISCIPLINE MARKET INTEREST RATE MARKET SHARES MARKET TRENDS MARKET VALUES MARKETING MATURITY MAXIMUM CONTRIBUTION MINIMUM BENEFITS MORTGAGE MORTGAGE BONDS MORTGAGES MUTUAL FUNDS OCCUPATIONAL PENSION OCCUPATIONAL PENSION SCHEME OCCUPATIONAL PENSION SCHEMES OCCUPATIONAL PENSIONS OCCUPATIONAL SCHEMES OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES PENSION PENSION ACCOUNTS PENSION ASSETS PENSION BENEFITS PENSION COMPANIES PENSION CONTRACT PENSION CONTRACTS PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS PENSION FUND PENSION FUNDS PENSION INCOME PENSION INVESTMENT PENSION PLAN PENSION PLANS PENSION PRODUCTS PENSION PROVIDER PENSION REFORMS PENSION SAVING PENSION SAVINGS PENSION SCHEME PENSION SYSTEM PENSION SYSTEMS PENSIONERS PERSONAL PENSION PERSONAL PENSION PLANS PERSONAL PENSIONS PRIVATE PENSION PRIVATE PENSION PROVISION PRIVATE PENSIONS PROBABILITIES PUBLIC PENSION PUBLIC PENSION SCHEMES REAL ESTATE RESERVES RETAIL FINANCIAL SERVICES RETIRED RETIRED WORKERS RETIREMENT RETIREMENT BENEFIT RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT PENSION RETIREMENT PRODUCT RETIREMENT PRODUCTS RISK MANAGEMENT RISK PROFILES RISK SHARING RISKY ASSETS SAFETY NET SALARIES SAVINGS SECURITIES SHARE CAPITAL SHAREHOLDER SHAREHOLDERS SOCIAL SECURITY SOLVENCY STAKEHOLDERS STOCKS SUPERVISORY AUTHORITY SWAP TAX ADVANTAGES TAX DEDUCTION TAX INCENTIVES TAX PROVISIONS TAX RATES TAX TREATMENT TAXABLE INCOME TOTAL COST TRADE UNIONS TRANSFER PAYMENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TYPES OF PENSION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS VALUABLE VALUATION VALUE OF PENSIONS WAGE WAGES WITHDRAWAL WORTH YIELD CURVE YOUNGER PEOPLE |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS ADDITIONAL SAVINGS ANNUAL CONTRIBUTIONS ASSET ACCUMULATION ASSET ALLOCATION ASSET ALLOCATIONS ASSET LIABILITY MATCHING AVERAGE BENEFIT AVERAGE CONTRIBUTION AVERAGE INTEREST AVERAGE INTEREST RATE AVERAGE WAGE BALANCE SHEET BANKING INSTITUTIONS BANKS BENEFIT ENTITLEMENTS BENEFIT PLAN BOND BONDS CALCULATION CALCULATIONS CAPITAL BASE CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS CAPITALIZATION CHOICE OF FUND CONSERVATIVE ASSUMPTIONS CONSUMER CONSUMER INFORMATION CONSUMER PROTECTION CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION PLAN CONTRIBUTION PLANS CONTRIBUTION PRINCIPLE CONTRIBUTION RATE CONTRIBUTION RATES CONTRIBUTION RECORD CONTRIBUTION SCHEMES CREDITORS CURRENCY CURRENCY RISK DEFERRED ANNUITIES DEFERRED ANNUITY DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION DIRECT EQUITY INVESTMENTS DIRECT INVESTMENTS DISABILITY DISABILITY BENEFITS DISABILITY INSURANCE DISABILITY PENSIONS DISCOUNT RATE DISPOSABLE INCOME DIVERSIFIED PORTFOLIOS EARLY RETIREMENT EARNINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE PEOPLE EMPLOYER PENSION EQUITIES EXCHANGE RATE EXPENSE RATIOS FINANCIAL DISTRESS FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL POLICY FINANCIAL SECURITY FINANCIAL SITUATION FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FOREIGN EQUITIES FUND MANAGERS GOVERNMENT BOND GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT SECURITIES INCOME INCOME GROUP INCOME SOURCE INCOME TAX INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS INDIVIDUAL PENSION INFLATION INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE POLICIES INSURANCE PRODUCTS INTEREST RATE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INVESTING INVESTMENT CHOICE INVESTMENT EXPENSE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE INVESTMENT POLICIES INVESTMENT POLICY INVESTMENT RETURN INVESTMENT RETURNS INVESTMENT RISK INVESTMENT RISKS INVESTMENTS IN EQUITIES JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES KIND OF INVESTMENT LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LEVEL OF CONTRIBUTIONS LIABILITY LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFE INSURANCE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIFETIME LOW INCOME LOW INCOME GROUPS LOW-INCOME LOWER INCOME LUMP SUM LUMP SUMS MARGINAL RATE MARKET CONCENTRATION MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET DISCIPLINE MARKET INTEREST RATE MARKET SHARES MARKET TRENDS MARKET VALUES MARKETING MATURITY MAXIMUM CONTRIBUTION MINIMUM BENEFITS MORTGAGE MORTGAGE BONDS MORTGAGES MUTUAL FUNDS OCCUPATIONAL PENSION OCCUPATIONAL PENSION SCHEME OCCUPATIONAL PENSION SCHEMES OCCUPATIONAL PENSIONS OCCUPATIONAL SCHEMES OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES PENSION PENSION ACCOUNTS PENSION ASSETS PENSION BENEFITS PENSION COMPANIES PENSION CONTRACT PENSION CONTRACTS PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS PENSION FUND PENSION FUNDS PENSION INCOME PENSION INVESTMENT PENSION PLAN PENSION PLANS PENSION PRODUCTS PENSION PROVIDER PENSION REFORMS PENSION SAVING PENSION SAVINGS PENSION SCHEME PENSION SYSTEM PENSION SYSTEMS PENSIONERS PERSONAL PENSION PERSONAL PENSION PLANS PERSONAL PENSIONS PRIVATE PENSION PRIVATE PENSION PROVISION PRIVATE PENSIONS PROBABILITIES PUBLIC PENSION PUBLIC PENSION SCHEMES REAL ESTATE RESERVES RETAIL FINANCIAL SERVICES RETIRED RETIRED WORKERS RETIREMENT RETIREMENT BENEFIT RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT PENSION RETIREMENT PRODUCT RETIREMENT PRODUCTS RISK MANAGEMENT RISK PROFILES RISK SHARING RISKY ASSETS SAFETY NET SALARIES SAVINGS SECURITIES SHARE CAPITAL SHAREHOLDER SHAREHOLDERS SOCIAL SECURITY SOLVENCY STAKEHOLDERS STOCKS SUPERVISORY AUTHORITY SWAP TAX ADVANTAGES TAX DEDUCTION TAX INCENTIVES TAX PROVISIONS TAX RATES TAX TREATMENT TAXABLE INCOME TOTAL COST TRADE UNIONS TRANSFER PAYMENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TYPES OF PENSION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS VALUABLE VALUATION VALUE OF PENSIONS WAGE WAGES WITHDRAWAL WORTH YIELD CURVE YOUNGER PEOPLE Andersen, Carsten Skjodt, Peter Pension Institutions and Annuities in Denmark |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Denmark |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4437 |
| description |
This paper considers the overall
structure of the Danish pension system, reviews the relative
role of different types of pension institutions, and
discusses their asset allocation strategies and investment
performance. The paper also examines the regulation and
supervision of providers of pension services, the growing
reliance on risk-based supervision, and the application of
the so-called contribution principle. The Danish pension
system includes a modest universal social pension with a
supplement for low-income pensioners and near universal
participation in occupational and personal pensions that are
primarily based on defined contribution plans. The annuity
market is well developed: 50 percent of annual contributions
are allocated to the purchase of deferred annuities, while
immediate annuities are also purchased at or even after
retirement. However, detailed comprehensive data on the rate
of annuitization are lacking. Distinct features of the
Danish pension system include the widespread use of profit
participating contracts with minimum guaranteed benefits and
regular provision of bonuses, covering both the accumulation
and payout phases, and extensive use of group deferred
annuity contracts. A new traffic light system with periodic
stress testing has resulted in greater emphasis on asset
liability matching and hedging strategies by pension
institutions and a shift in investment policies in favor of
foreign bonds and long-term swap contracts. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Andersen, Carsten Skjodt, Peter |
| author_facet |
Andersen, Carsten Skjodt, Peter |
| author_sort |
Andersen, Carsten |
| title |
Pension Institutions and Annuities in Denmark |
| title_short |
Pension Institutions and Annuities in Denmark |
| title_full |
Pension Institutions and Annuities in Denmark |
| title_fullStr |
Pension Institutions and Annuities in Denmark |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Pension Institutions and Annuities in Denmark |
| title_sort |
pension institutions and annuities in denmark |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/12/8877300/pension-institutions-annuities-denmark http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7605 |
| _version_ |
1764402818976841728 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-76052021-04-23T14:02:35Z Pension Institutions and Annuities in Denmark Andersen, Carsten Skjodt, Peter ACCOUNTING ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS ADDITIONAL SAVINGS ANNUAL CONTRIBUTIONS ASSET ACCUMULATION ASSET ALLOCATION ASSET ALLOCATIONS ASSET LIABILITY MATCHING AVERAGE BENEFIT AVERAGE CONTRIBUTION AVERAGE INTEREST AVERAGE INTEREST RATE AVERAGE WAGE BALANCE SHEET BANKING INSTITUTIONS BANKS BENEFIT ENTITLEMENTS BENEFIT PLAN BOND BONDS CALCULATION CALCULATIONS CAPITAL BASE CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS CAPITALIZATION CHOICE OF FUND CONSERVATIVE ASSUMPTIONS CONSUMER CONSUMER INFORMATION CONSUMER PROTECTION CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION PLAN CONTRIBUTION PLANS CONTRIBUTION PRINCIPLE CONTRIBUTION RATE CONTRIBUTION RATES CONTRIBUTION RECORD CONTRIBUTION SCHEMES CREDITORS CURRENCY CURRENCY RISK DEFERRED ANNUITIES DEFERRED ANNUITY DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION DIRECT EQUITY INVESTMENTS DIRECT INVESTMENTS DISABILITY DISABILITY BENEFITS DISABILITY INSURANCE DISABILITY PENSIONS DISCOUNT RATE DISPOSABLE INCOME DIVERSIFIED PORTFOLIOS EARLY RETIREMENT EARNINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE PEOPLE EMPLOYER PENSION EQUITIES EXCHANGE RATE EXPENSE RATIOS FINANCIAL DISTRESS FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL POLICY FINANCIAL SECURITY FINANCIAL SITUATION FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FOREIGN EQUITIES FUND MANAGERS GOVERNMENT BOND GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT SECURITIES INCOME INCOME GROUP INCOME SOURCE INCOME TAX INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS INDIVIDUAL PENSION INFLATION INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE POLICIES INSURANCE PRODUCTS INTEREST RATE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INVESTING INVESTMENT CHOICE INVESTMENT EXPENSE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE INVESTMENT POLICIES INVESTMENT POLICY INVESTMENT RETURN INVESTMENT RETURNS INVESTMENT RISK INVESTMENT RISKS INVESTMENTS IN EQUITIES JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES KIND OF INVESTMENT LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LEVEL OF CONTRIBUTIONS LIABILITY LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFE INSURANCE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIFETIME LOW INCOME LOW INCOME GROUPS LOW-INCOME LOWER INCOME LUMP SUM LUMP SUMS MARGINAL RATE MARKET CONCENTRATION MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET DISCIPLINE MARKET INTEREST RATE MARKET SHARES MARKET TRENDS MARKET VALUES MARKETING MATURITY MAXIMUM CONTRIBUTION MINIMUM BENEFITS MORTGAGE MORTGAGE BONDS MORTGAGES MUTUAL FUNDS OCCUPATIONAL PENSION OCCUPATIONAL PENSION SCHEME OCCUPATIONAL PENSION SCHEMES OCCUPATIONAL PENSIONS OCCUPATIONAL SCHEMES OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES PENSION PENSION ACCOUNTS PENSION ASSETS PENSION BENEFITS PENSION COMPANIES PENSION CONTRACT PENSION CONTRACTS PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS PENSION FUND PENSION FUNDS PENSION INCOME PENSION INVESTMENT PENSION PLAN PENSION PLANS PENSION PRODUCTS PENSION PROVIDER PENSION REFORMS PENSION SAVING PENSION SAVINGS PENSION SCHEME PENSION SYSTEM PENSION SYSTEMS PENSIONERS PERSONAL PENSION PERSONAL PENSION PLANS PERSONAL PENSIONS PRIVATE PENSION PRIVATE PENSION PROVISION PRIVATE PENSIONS PROBABILITIES PUBLIC PENSION PUBLIC PENSION SCHEMES REAL ESTATE RESERVES RETAIL FINANCIAL SERVICES RETIRED RETIRED WORKERS RETIREMENT RETIREMENT BENEFIT RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT PENSION RETIREMENT PRODUCT RETIREMENT PRODUCTS RISK MANAGEMENT RISK PROFILES RISK SHARING RISKY ASSETS SAFETY NET SALARIES SAVINGS SECURITIES SHARE CAPITAL SHAREHOLDER SHAREHOLDERS SOCIAL SECURITY SOLVENCY STAKEHOLDERS STOCKS SUPERVISORY AUTHORITY SWAP TAX ADVANTAGES TAX DEDUCTION TAX INCENTIVES TAX PROVISIONS TAX RATES TAX TREATMENT TAXABLE INCOME TOTAL COST TRADE UNIONS TRANSFER PAYMENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TYPES OF PENSION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS VALUABLE VALUATION VALUE OF PENSIONS WAGE WAGES WITHDRAWAL WORTH YIELD CURVE YOUNGER PEOPLE This paper considers the overall structure of the Danish pension system, reviews the relative role of different types of pension institutions, and discusses their asset allocation strategies and investment performance. The paper also examines the regulation and supervision of providers of pension services, the growing reliance on risk-based supervision, and the application of the so-called contribution principle. The Danish pension system includes a modest universal social pension with a supplement for low-income pensioners and near universal participation in occupational and personal pensions that are primarily based on defined contribution plans. The annuity market is well developed: 50 percent of annual contributions are allocated to the purchase of deferred annuities, while immediate annuities are also purchased at or even after retirement. However, detailed comprehensive data on the rate of annuitization are lacking. Distinct features of the Danish pension system include the widespread use of profit participating contracts with minimum guaranteed benefits and regular provision of bonuses, covering both the accumulation and payout phases, and extensive use of group deferred annuity contracts. A new traffic light system with periodic stress testing has resulted in greater emphasis on asset liability matching and hedging strategies by pension institutions and a shift in investment policies in favor of foreign bonds and long-term swap contracts. 2012-06-08T21:27:12Z 2012-06-08T21:27:12Z 2007-12 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/12/8877300/pension-institutions-annuities-denmark http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7605 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4437 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia Denmark |