Geographic Inequity in a Decentralized Anti-Poverty Program : A Case Study of China

The central governments of many developing countries have chosen to decentralize their anti-poverty programs, in the expectation that local agents are better informed about local needs. The paper shows that this potential advantage of decentralized...

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Main Author:	Ravallion, Martin
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE VALUE ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ADMINISTRATIVE DATA AMOUNT OF INCOME ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMS BASIC NEEDS BENEFICIARIES BENEFICIARY CALCULATION CASH TRANSFERS CENTRAL PLANNING COMMUNITY GROUPS COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS CONSUMER CONSUMER BEHAVIOR DATA REQUIREMENTS DATA SET DATA SETS DECENTRALIZATION DEFLATORS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIMINISHING RETURNS DISABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS RESEARCH EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EXPLANATORY POWER FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES FISCAL CONSTRAINTS FIXED COST FUNCTIONAL FORMS GDP GROSS INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME SHARE INEQUALITY INTERVENTION LACK OF INFORMATION LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL POVERTY LOCAL POVERTY LINE LOG INCOME LONGITUDINAL DATA LOWER INCOME MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEASUREMENT ERRORS NATIONAL SURVEYS NEGOTIATION NEW POOR NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NORMAL GOOD PARTICIPATION RATES POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INFLUENCE POOR POOR AREAS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE CORRELATION POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY PROBLEM POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PROBABILITY PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC PROGRAMS PUBLIC SPENDING QUESTIONNAIRE REAL INCOME REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL INEQUALITY RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION RELATIVE POVERTY RISING INCOME INEQUALITY SAMPLE SIZE SELECTION BIAS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL SPENDING STATE TAXES TARGETED TRANSFERS TARGETING TAXATION UNDERESTIMATES WAGES
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8042377/geographic-inequity-decentralized-anti-poverty-program-case-study-china http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7499

id	okr-10986-7499
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-74992021-04-23T14:02:34Z Geographic Inequity in a Decentralized Anti-Poverty Program : A Case Study of China Ravallion, Martin ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE VALUE ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ADMINISTRATIVE DATA AMOUNT OF INCOME ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMS BASIC NEEDS BENEFICIARIES BENEFICIARY CALCULATION CASH TRANSFERS CENTRAL PLANNING COMMUNITY GROUPS COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS CONSUMER CONSUMER BEHAVIOR DATA REQUIREMENTS DATA SET DATA SETS DECENTRALIZATION DEFLATORS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIMINISHING RETURNS DISABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS RESEARCH EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EXPLANATORY POWER FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES FISCAL CONSTRAINTS FIXED COST FUNCTIONAL FORMS GDP GROSS INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME SHARE INEQUALITY INTERVENTION LACK OF INFORMATION LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL POVERTY LOCAL POVERTY LINE LOG INCOME LONGITUDINAL DATA LOWER INCOME MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEASUREMENT ERRORS NATIONAL SURVEYS NEGOTIATION NEW POOR NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NORMAL GOOD PARTICIPATION RATES POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INFLUENCE POOR POOR AREAS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE CORRELATION POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY PROBLEM POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PROBABILITY PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC PROGRAMS PUBLIC SPENDING QUESTIONNAIRE REAL INCOME REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL INEQUALITY RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION RELATIVE POVERTY RISING INCOME INEQUALITY SAMPLE SIZE SELECTION BIAS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL SPENDING STATE TAXES TARGETED TRANSFERS TARGETING TAXATION UNDERESTIMATES WAGES The central governments of many developing countries have chosen to decentralize their anti-poverty programs, in the expectation that local agents are better informed about local needs. The paper shows that this potential advantage of decentralized eligibility criteria can come at a large cost, to the extent that the induced geographic inequities undermine performance in reaching the income- poor nationally. These issues are studied empirically for (probably) the largest transfer-based poverty program in the world, namely China's Di Bao program, which aims to assure a minimum income through means-tested transfers. Poor municipalities are found to adopt systematically lower eligibility thresholds, reducing the program's ability to reach poor areas, and generating considerable horizontal inequity. 2012-06-08T14:14:07Z 2012-06-08T14:14:07Z 2007-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8042377/geographic-inequity-decentralized-anti-poverty-program-case-study-china http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7499 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4303 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific China
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE VALUE ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ADMINISTRATIVE DATA AMOUNT OF INCOME ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMS BASIC NEEDS BENEFICIARIES BENEFICIARY CALCULATION CASH TRANSFERS CENTRAL PLANNING COMMUNITY GROUPS COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS CONSUMER CONSUMER BEHAVIOR DATA REQUIREMENTS DATA SET DATA SETS DECENTRALIZATION DEFLATORS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIMINISHING RETURNS DISABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS RESEARCH EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EXPLANATORY POWER FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES FISCAL CONSTRAINTS FIXED COST FUNCTIONAL FORMS GDP GROSS INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME SHARE INEQUALITY INTERVENTION LACK OF INFORMATION LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL POVERTY LOCAL POVERTY LINE LOG INCOME LONGITUDINAL DATA LOWER INCOME MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEASUREMENT ERRORS NATIONAL SURVEYS NEGOTIATION NEW POOR NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NORMAL GOOD PARTICIPATION RATES POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INFLUENCE POOR POOR AREAS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE CORRELATION POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY PROBLEM POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PROBABILITY PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC PROGRAMS PUBLIC SPENDING QUESTIONNAIRE REAL INCOME REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL INEQUALITY RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION RELATIVE POVERTY RISING INCOME INEQUALITY SAMPLE SIZE SELECTION BIAS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL SPENDING STATE TAXES TARGETED TRANSFERS TARGETING TAXATION UNDERESTIMATES WAGES
spellingShingle	ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE VALUE ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ADMINISTRATIVE DATA AMOUNT OF INCOME ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMS BASIC NEEDS BENEFICIARIES BENEFICIARY CALCULATION CASH TRANSFERS CENTRAL PLANNING COMMUNITY GROUPS COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS CONSUMER CONSUMER BEHAVIOR DATA REQUIREMENTS DATA SET DATA SETS DECENTRALIZATION DEFLATORS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIMINISHING RETURNS DISABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS RESEARCH EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EXPLANATORY POWER FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES FISCAL CONSTRAINTS FIXED COST FUNCTIONAL FORMS GDP GROSS INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME SHARE INEQUALITY INTERVENTION LACK OF INFORMATION LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL POVERTY LOCAL POVERTY LINE LOG INCOME LONGITUDINAL DATA LOWER INCOME MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEASUREMENT ERRORS NATIONAL SURVEYS NEGOTIATION NEW POOR NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NORMAL GOOD PARTICIPATION RATES POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INFLUENCE POOR POOR AREAS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE CORRELATION POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY PROBLEM POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PROBABILITY PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC PROGRAMS PUBLIC SPENDING QUESTIONNAIRE REAL INCOME REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL INEQUALITY RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION RELATIVE POVERTY RISING INCOME INEQUALITY SAMPLE SIZE SELECTION BIAS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL SPENDING STATE TAXES TARGETED TRANSFERS TARGETING TAXATION UNDERESTIMATES WAGES Ravallion, Martin Geographic Inequity in a Decentralized Anti-Poverty Program : A Case Study of China
geographic_facet	East Asia and Pacific China
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4303
description	The central governments of many developing countries have chosen to decentralize their anti-poverty programs, in the expectation that local agents are better informed about local needs. The paper shows that this potential advantage of decentralized eligibility criteria can come at a large cost, to the extent that the induced geographic inequities undermine performance in reaching the income- poor nationally. These issues are studied empirically for (probably) the largest transfer-based poverty program in the world, namely China's Di Bao program, which aims to assure a minimum income through means-tested transfers. Poor municipalities are found to adopt systematically lower eligibility thresholds, reducing the program's ability to reach poor areas, and generating considerable horizontal inequity.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Ravallion, Martin
author_facet	Ravallion, Martin
author_sort	Ravallion, Martin
title	Geographic Inequity in a Decentralized Anti-Poverty Program : A Case Study of China
title_short	Geographic Inequity in a Decentralized Anti-Poverty Program : A Case Study of China
title_full	Geographic Inequity in a Decentralized Anti-Poverty Program : A Case Study of China
title_fullStr	Geographic Inequity in a Decentralized Anti-Poverty Program : A Case Study of China
title_full_unstemmed	Geographic Inequity in a Decentralized Anti-Poverty Program : A Case Study of China
title_sort	geographic inequity in a decentralized anti-poverty program : a case study of china
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8042377/geographic-inequity-decentralized-anti-poverty-program-case-study-china http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7499
_version_	1764402184210874368

Geographic Inequity in a Decentralized Anti-Poverty Program : A Case Study of China

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