Balancing Expenditures on Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change : An Exploration of Issues Relevant to Developing Countries
Although climate policies have been so far mostly focused on mitigation, adaptation to climate change is a growing concern in developed and developing countries. This paper discusses how adaptation fits into the global climate strategy, at the glob...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8018382/balancing-expenditures-mitigation-adaptation-climate-change-exploration-issues-relevant-developing-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7487 |
| id |
okr-10986-7487 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| spelling |
okr-10986-74872021-04-23T14:02:33Z Balancing Expenditures on Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change : An Exploration of Issues Relevant to Developing Countries Lecocq, Franck Shalizi, Zmarak ABATEMENT COST FUNCTIONS ADAPTATION ADVERSE EFFECTS ADVERSE IMPACTS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURE AID ASSETS ATTENTION BARRIER BEHAVIORAL CHANGES BENCHMARK BENEFIT ANALYSIS BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPACITY BUILDING CARBON CARBON EMISSIONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS COST FUNCTIONS DAMAGE FUNCTION DAMAGES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIMINISHING RETURNS DISCOUNT RATE DISCOUNT RATES ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS ECONOMICS RESEARCH ECONOMISTS ELASTICITY EMISSION ABATEMENT EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION EQUATIONS EQUILIBRIUM EXPECTED VALUE EXPENDITURES EXTERNALITIES EXTERNALITY FINANCIAL TRANSFERS FIXED COSTS FORESTRY FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GREENHOUSE GASES GROWTH RATE INCOME INFORMATION DISCLOSURE INSURANCE INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY LEARNING MAINSTREAM MARGINAL ABATEMENT MARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTS MARGINAL BENEFITS MARGINAL COSTS MARGINAL UTILITY MODELING MULTIPLIERS NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES OIL OPTIMIZATION POLICY DECISIONS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION POLLUTION CONTROL POSITIVE SPILLOVERS POWER PLANTS PRECIPITATION PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS REASONING RECOGNITION REDUCING EMISSIONS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RISK AVERSION RURAL COMMUNITIES SAVINGS SOCIAL BENEFITS SOCIETIES SOCIETY TOLERANCE TRANSPORTATION UTILITY FUNCTION VULNERABILITY WORTH Although climate policies have been so far mostly focused on mitigation, adaptation to climate change is a growing concern in developed and developing countries. This paper discusses how adaptation fits into the global climate strategy, at the global and national levels. To do so, a partial equilibrium optimization model of climate policies-which includes mitigation, proactive adaptation (ex ante), and reactive adaptation (ex post)-is solved without and with uncertainty. Mitigation, proactive adaptation, and reactive adaptation are found to be generally jointly determined. Uncertainty on the location of damages reduces the benefits of "targeted" proactive adaptation with regard to mitigation and reactive adaptation. However, no single country controls global mitigation policies, and budget constraints might make it difficult for developing countries to finance reactive adaptation, especially if climate shocks affect the fiscal base. Rainy-day funds are identified as a supplemental instrument that can alleviate future budget constraints while avoiding the risk of misallocating resources when the location of damages is uncertain. 2012-06-07T22:24:58Z 2012-06-07T22:24:58Z 2007-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8018382/balancing-expenditures-mitigation-adaptation-climate-change-exploration-issues-relevant-developing-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7487 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4299 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABATEMENT COST FUNCTIONS ADAPTATION ADVERSE EFFECTS ADVERSE IMPACTS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURE AID ASSETS ATTENTION BARRIER BEHAVIORAL CHANGES BENCHMARK BENEFIT ANALYSIS BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPACITY BUILDING CARBON CARBON EMISSIONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS COST FUNCTIONS DAMAGE FUNCTION DAMAGES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIMINISHING RETURNS DISCOUNT RATE DISCOUNT RATES ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS ECONOMICS RESEARCH ECONOMISTS ELASTICITY EMISSION ABATEMENT EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION EQUATIONS EQUILIBRIUM EXPECTED VALUE EXPENDITURES EXTERNALITIES EXTERNALITY FINANCIAL TRANSFERS FIXED COSTS FORESTRY FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GREENHOUSE GASES GROWTH RATE INCOME INFORMATION DISCLOSURE INSURANCE INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY LEARNING MAINSTREAM MARGINAL ABATEMENT MARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTS MARGINAL BENEFITS MARGINAL COSTS MARGINAL UTILITY MODELING MULTIPLIERS NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES OIL OPTIMIZATION POLICY DECISIONS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION POLLUTION CONTROL POSITIVE SPILLOVERS POWER PLANTS PRECIPITATION PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS REASONING RECOGNITION REDUCING EMISSIONS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RISK AVERSION RURAL COMMUNITIES SAVINGS SOCIAL BENEFITS SOCIETIES SOCIETY TOLERANCE TRANSPORTATION UTILITY FUNCTION VULNERABILITY WORTH |
| spellingShingle |
ABATEMENT COST FUNCTIONS ADAPTATION ADVERSE EFFECTS ADVERSE IMPACTS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURE AID ASSETS ATTENTION BARRIER BEHAVIORAL CHANGES BENCHMARK BENEFIT ANALYSIS BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPACITY BUILDING CARBON CARBON EMISSIONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS COST FUNCTIONS DAMAGE FUNCTION DAMAGES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIMINISHING RETURNS DISCOUNT RATE DISCOUNT RATES ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS ECONOMICS RESEARCH ECONOMISTS ELASTICITY EMISSION ABATEMENT EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION EQUATIONS EQUILIBRIUM EXPECTED VALUE EXPENDITURES EXTERNALITIES EXTERNALITY FINANCIAL TRANSFERS FIXED COSTS FORESTRY FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GREENHOUSE GASES GROWTH RATE INCOME INFORMATION DISCLOSURE INSURANCE INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY LEARNING MAINSTREAM MARGINAL ABATEMENT MARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTS MARGINAL BENEFITS MARGINAL COSTS MARGINAL UTILITY MODELING MULTIPLIERS NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES OIL OPTIMIZATION POLICY DECISIONS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION POLLUTION CONTROL POSITIVE SPILLOVERS POWER PLANTS PRECIPITATION PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS REASONING RECOGNITION REDUCING EMISSIONS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RISK AVERSION RURAL COMMUNITIES SAVINGS SOCIAL BENEFITS SOCIETIES SOCIETY TOLERANCE TRANSPORTATION UTILITY FUNCTION VULNERABILITY WORTH Lecocq, Franck Shalizi, Zmarak Balancing Expenditures on Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change : An Exploration of Issues Relevant to Developing Countries |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4299 |
| description |
Although climate policies have been so
far mostly focused on mitigation, adaptation to climate
change is a growing concern in developed and developing
countries. This paper discusses how adaptation fits into the
global climate strategy, at the global and national levels.
To do so, a partial equilibrium optimization model of
climate policies-which includes mitigation, proactive
adaptation (ex ante), and reactive adaptation (ex post)-is
solved without and with uncertainty. Mitigation, proactive
adaptation, and reactive adaptation are found to be
generally jointly determined. Uncertainty on the location of
damages reduces the benefits of "targeted"
proactive adaptation with regard to mitigation and reactive
adaptation. However, no single country controls global
mitigation policies, and budget constraints might make it
difficult for developing countries to finance reactive
adaptation, especially if climate shocks affect the fiscal
base. Rainy-day funds are identified as a supplemental
instrument that can alleviate future budget constraints
while avoiding the risk of misallocating resources when the
location of damages is uncertain. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Lecocq, Franck Shalizi, Zmarak |
| author_facet |
Lecocq, Franck Shalizi, Zmarak |
| author_sort |
Lecocq, Franck |
| title |
Balancing Expenditures on Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change : An Exploration of Issues Relevant to Developing Countries |
| title_short |
Balancing Expenditures on Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change : An Exploration of Issues Relevant to Developing Countries |
| title_full |
Balancing Expenditures on Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change : An Exploration of Issues Relevant to Developing Countries |
| title_fullStr |
Balancing Expenditures on Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change : An Exploration of Issues Relevant to Developing Countries |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Balancing Expenditures on Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change : An Exploration of Issues Relevant to Developing Countries |
| title_sort |
balancing expenditures on mitigation of and adaptation to climate change : an exploration of issues relevant to developing countries |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8018382/balancing-expenditures-mitigation-adaptation-climate-change-exploration-issues-relevant-developing-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7487 |
| _version_ |
1764402167930683392 |