Investing Back Home : Return Migration and Business Ownership in Albania

In view of its increasing importance, and the dearth of information on return migration and its impacts on source households, this study uses data from the 2005 Albania Living Standards Measurement Study survey and assesses the impact of past migra...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Kilic, Talip, Carletto, Calogero, Davis, Benjamin, Zezza, Alberto
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO CAPITAL ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY ACCOUNTING ADULT POPULATION AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION AMOUNT OF MONEY AMOUNT OF SAVINGS ASSET OWNERSHIP ASSET POSITION ASSET POSITIONS BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BASIC NEEDS BORDERS BUSINESS ACTIVITIES BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS FORMATION BUSINESS LOCATION BUSINESS OWNERSHIP BUSINESS STARTUPS CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL MARKET CAPITAL MARKETS CASH FLOWS COLLATERAL CORPORATE FINANCE CORRUPTION COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CREDIT CONSTRAINTS CREDIT MARKET CREDIT MARKET FAILURES CREDIT MARKETS CULTURAL BACKGROUND DEPORTATION DERIVATIVES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIASPORA DIVERSIFICATION DUMMY VARIABLE DURABLES EARNINGS EAST EUROPE ECONOMIC DECISION EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EMIGRANTS EMIGRATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ENTREPRENEUR ENTREPRENEURIAL ABILITY ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES ENTREPRENEURS EQUIPMENT EXCLUSION EXPENDITURES FAMILY BUSINESS FAMILY BUSINESSES FAMILY MEMBER FAMILY REUNIFICATION FARMS FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLD FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FINANCIAL COSTS FINANCIAL FLOWS FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FUNGIBLE GLOBALIZATION GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT REGULATION GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD HOST COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRY HOUSEHOLD BUSINESS HOUSEHOLD BUSINESSES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN MIGRATION ILLNESS IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION POLICY IMPACT OF MIGRATION IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION INCOME SHOCKS INCOME SOURCES INEQUALITY INFORMAL FINANCE INHERITANCE INSTRUMENT INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS INTERNAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW INVESTING INVESTMENT CLIMATE INVESTMENT SCHEMES JOB CREATION JOB LOSS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR SUPPLY LAND OWNERSHIP LEARNING OPPORTUNITY LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIFETIME LIQUIDITY LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS LIVING STANDARDS LOAN LOAN AMOUNT LOCAL ECONOMY MARKET ECONOMY MICRO-DATA MICRO-ENTERPRISE MICRO-ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT MICRO-ENTERPRISES MICROENTERPRISES MIDDLE EAST MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION PROCESS MINORITY MOBILITY MORTGAGE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONS OF ORIGIN NEW BUSINESS NEW BUSINESSES NEW ENTREPRENEURS PLACE OF RESIDENCE POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR HOUSEHOLDS POSITIVE COEFFICIENT PROBABILITIES PROBABILITY PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PURCHASING POWER QUESTIONNAIRE RECEIPT REMITTANCES REMITTANCES FROM MIGRANTS RESOURCE MOBILIZATION RESPECT RETURN RETURN MIGRATION RETURNEES RETURNS ROLE OF GENDER RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SALE SALES SAVINGS SELF-EMPLOYMENT SENIOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SMALL BUSINESSES SMALL ENTERPRISES SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL STATUS SPOUSE START-UP START-UP CAPITAL START-UPS TAX TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL SKILLS TELEVISION TEMPORARY MIGRANTS TEMPORARY MIGRATION TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPORTATION TV UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT VALUE OF COLLATERAL WAGE WAGES WEALTH EFFECT WORKING AGE YOUNGER PEOPLE
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/09/8358003/investing-back-home-return-migration-business-ownership-albania http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7360

Description
Summary:	In view of its increasing importance, and the dearth of information on return migration and its impacts on source households, this study uses data from the 2005 Albania Living Standards Measurement Study survey and assesses the impact of past migration experience of Albanian households on non-farm business ownership through instrumental variables regression techniques. Moreover, considering the differences in earning potentials and opportunities for skill acquisition in different destination countries, the impact of household past migration experience is differentiated by main migrant destinations, namely Greece and Italy. The study also tests for the hypothesis of the existence of migration cycles, by differentiating the time spent abroad based on the year of return. The empirical results indicate that household past migration experience exerts a positive impact on the probability of owning a non-farm business. While one additional year in Greece increases the probability of household business ownership by roughly 7 percent, a similar experience in Italy or further destinations raises the probability by over 30 percent. Although past migration experience for the period 1990-2000 is positively associated with the likelihood of owning a household enterprise, a similar impact does not materialize for the period 2001-2004. The latter finding seems suggestive of the fact that more recent migrants are yet to attain a target level of required savings and skills in order to successfully establish a new business upon return.

Investing Back Home : Return Migration and Business Ownership in Albania

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