New Evidence on the Urbanization of Global Poverty

New Evidence on the Urbanization of Global Poverty

The authors provide new evidence on the extent to which absolute poverty has urbanized in the developing world, and the role that population urbanization has played in overall poverty reduction. They find that one-quarter of the world's consum...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Ravallion, Martin, Chen, Shaohua, Sangraula, Prem
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE POVERTY AGGREGATE POVERTY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION BASIC NEEDS CHANGES IN POVERTY CHILD HEALTH CITIES CITIZENS CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE COUNTRY DATA COUNTRY LEVEL CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION DATA SETS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING REGIONS DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DISTRIBUTION DATA DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGE DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC TRANSITION EMPIRICAL RESULTS ERROR TERM ESTIMATED COEFFICIENT ESTIMATED ELASTICITY EXCHANGE RATES EXTREME POVERTY FIXED EFFECTS FOOD BUNDLE FOOD GOODS FOOD POLICY FOOD POVERTY FOOD POVERTY LINE GLOBAL POVERTY GROWTH ELASTICITY GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY WILL INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATES INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINES LABOR MARKETS LEVEL OF POVERTY LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL POVERTY LINES LOW SHARE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MEAN INCOME MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY MEASURING POVERTY MICRO DATA MIGRANT MIGRATION MIGRATION PROCESS NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES 0 HYPOTHESIS NUMBER OF PEOPLE PACE OF URBANIZATION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POINT DECLINE POLICY ISSUES POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR COUNTRIES POOR LIVING POOR PEOPLE POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION DATA POPULATION DIVISION POPULATION DYNAMICS POPULATION FORECASTS POPULATION SHARE POPULATION SHIFT POPULATION SHIFTS POPULATION SIZE POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY ASSESSMENTS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RATE OF GROWTH REDUCTION IN POVERTY RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RELATIVE PRICES REMITTANCES RESPECT RICHER COUNTRIES RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL CONSUMERS RURAL GROWTH RURAL HEADCOUNT RURAL HEADCOUNT INDEX RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL LABOR RURAL MIGRANTS RURAL POOR RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY RURAL POVERTY INCIDENCE RURAL POVERTY LINE RURAL POVERTY LINES RURAL POVERTY RATE RURAL POVERTY RATES RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION RURAL RESIDENTS RURAL SECTOR RURAL SECTORS RURAL WORKERS SOCIAL AFFAIRS SOCIAL SCIENCES SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TOTAL POVERTY TRANSITION PROCESS URBAN AREAS URBAN GROWTH URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATION DYNAMICS URBAN POPULATION GROWTH URBAN POVERTY URBAN POVERTY REDUCTION URBAN RESIDENTS URBAN SECTOR URBAN TRANSITION URBANIZATION URBANIZATION OF POVERTY URBANIZATION PROCESS URBANIZED COUNTRIES WELFARE INDICATOR WELFARE MEASURE WORLD POPULATION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/04/8178686/new-evidence-urbanization-global-poverty http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7277

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Summary:	The authors provide new evidence on the extent to which absolute poverty has urbanized in the developing world, and the role that population urbanization has played in overall poverty reduction. They find that one-quarter of the world's consumption poor live in urban areas and that the proportion has been rising over time. By fostering economic growth, urbanization helped reduce absolute poverty in the aggregate but did little for urban poverty. Over 1993-2002, the count of the "$1 a day" poor fell by 150 million in rural areas but rose by 50 million in urban areas. The poor have been urbanizing even more rapidly than the population as a whole. Looking forward, the recent pace of urbanization and current forecasts for urban population growth imply that a majority of the poor will still live in rural areas for many decades to come. There are marked regional differences: Latin America has the most urbanized poverty problem, East Asia has the least; there has been a "ruralization" of poverty in Eastern Europe and Central Asia; in marked contrast to other regions, Africa's urbanization process has not been associated with falling overall poverty.

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