Managing Agricultural Risk at the Country Level : The Case of Index-Based Livestock Insurance in Mongolia

This paper describes the index-based livestock insurance program in Mongolia designed in the context of a World Bank lending operation with Government of Mongolia and implemented on a pilot basis in 2005. This program involves a combination of sel...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Mahul, Olivier, Skees, Jerry
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCIDENT ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS AGENTS AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ATTACHMENT POINT BANK LENDING BANK POLICY BANKS BASIS RISK CAPITAL GAINS CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL MARKETS CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS CAPITALIZATION CATASTROPHE BONDS CATASTROPHES CATASTROPHIC EVENTS CATASTROPHIC INSURANCE CATASTROPHIC LOSS CATASTROPHIC LOSSES CATASTROPHIC RISKS COINSURANCE COLLECTIVE ACTION COLLECTIVE ACTION PROBLEM COMPETITIVENESS COMPULSORY INSURANCE CONDITIONS OF COVERAGE CONSUMERS CONTINGENT DEBT CONTINGENT LIABILITIES CORPORATE INVESTMENT COUNTRY RISK CREDIBILITY CROP INSURANCE CROP INSURANCE SCHEME DAMAGES DEATH RATES DEBT BURDEN DEFAULT RISK DEPOSIT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISASTER DISASTER AID DISASTER ASSISTANCE DISASTER EMERGENCY DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION DISASTER REHABILITATION DISASTER RELIEF DISASTER RESPONSE DISASTER RISK DISASTERS DISBURSEMENT DIVERSIFIED PORTFOLIO DROUGHT DROUGHTS DUE DILIGENCE EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE INSURANCE EARTHQUAKES EMERGENCY RELIEF EQUIPMENT ERL EXCESS OF LOSS REINSURANCE EXPENDITURES EXTREME EVENTS FAIR PRICE FARMER FARMERS FINANCIAL EXPOSURE FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL BURDEN FISCAL CONSTRAINTS FLOODS FOOD SECURITY FRAUD GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS GRACE PERIOD HEALTH INSURANCE HOUSING INDEMNITIES INDEMNITY INDEMNITY PAYMENTS INFORMAL LENDERS INFRASTRUCTURE LOANS INSURANCE INSURANCE AGENTS INSURANCE CLAIMS INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE COMPANY INSURANCE CONTRACTS INSURANCE COVERAGE INSURANCE FUNDS INSURANCE INDUSTRY INSURANCE LAW INSURANCE MARKET INSURANCE PENETRATION INSURANCE POLICIES INSURANCE POLICY INSURANCE POOLS INSURANCE PREMIUM INSURANCE PREMIUMS INSURANCE PRODUCT INSURANCE PRODUCTS INSURED LOSSES INSURER INSURERS INTEGRITY INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT DECISIONS LAWS LEGAL ENVIRONMENT LENDING INSTRUMENTS LIABILITY LIABILITY INSURANCE LINE OF CREDIT LIQUIDITY LOAN LOAN TERMS LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOSS RATIO MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARES MICRO FINANCE MICROFINANCE MITIGATION MITIGATION MEASURES MORAL HAZARD MORAL HAZARDS MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS NATURAL DISASTERS NATURAL HAZARDS NON-LIFE INSURANCE OPERATING COSTS OPPORTUNITY COSTS PLEDGES POOR FARMERS PORTFOLIO REINSURANCE PREMIUM PAYMENTS PREMIUMS PRIVATE CAPITAL PRIVATE INSURANCE PRIVATIZATION PROFITABILITY PROGRAMS PROPERTY INSURANCE PUBLIC INSURANCE PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC SAFETY REINSURANCE AGREEMENT REINSURANCE CAPACITY REINSURANCE COMPANIES REINSURANCE CONTRACT REINSURANCE MARKETS REINSURANCE PREMIUMS REINSURANCE TREATY REINSURER REINSURERS RELIEF RESERVE RESERVE FUND RESERVE FUNDS RESERVES RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURN RISK ANALYSIS RISK ASSESSMENT RISK CAPITAL RISK EXPOSURE RISK EXPOSURES RISK MANAGEMENT RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES RISK MITIGATION RISK NEUTRAL RISK PROFILE RISK PROFILES RISK SHARING RISK TRANSFER RURAL FINANCE RURAL FINANCE SECTOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SETTLEMENT SOCIAL SAFETY NETS SOLVENCY STOP LOSS REINSURANCE SUPERVISORY AGENCY SUPERVISORY FRAMEWORK SUSTAINABILITY TAX TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TIMELY PAYMENT TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPARENCY UNDERWRITING WEATHER EVENTS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8115181/managing-agricultural-risk-country-level-case-index-based-livestock-insurance-mongolia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7273

Description
Summary:	This paper describes the index-based livestock insurance program in Mongolia designed in the context of a World Bank lending operation with Government of Mongolia and implemented on a pilot basis in 2005. This program involves a combination of self-insurance by herders, market-based insurance, and social insurance. Herders retain small losses, larger losses are transferred to the private insurance industry, and extreme or catastrophic losses are transferred to the government using a public safety net program. A syndicate pooling arrangement protects participating insurance companies against excessive insured losses, with excess of loss reinsurance provided by the government. The fiscal exposure of Government of Mongolia toward the most extreme losses is protected with a contingent credit facility. The insurance program relies on a mortality rate index by species in each local region. The index provides strong incentives to individual herders to continue to manage their herds so as to minimize the impacts of major livestock mortality events; individual herders receive an insurance payout based on the local mortality, irrespective of their individual losses. This project offered the first opportunity to design and implement an agriculture insurance program using a country-wide agricultural risk management approach. During the first sales season, 7 percent of the herders in the three pilot regions purchased the insurance product.

Managing Agricultural Risk at the Country Level : The Case of Index-Based Livestock Insurance in Mongolia

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