An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies
Policies to tax farmers in low-income countries and policies to subsidize them in high-income countries have been identified as a major source of the disequilibrium of world agriculture. Recently, as many high-performing economies in Asia advanced...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8087029/emerging-agricultural-problem-high-performing-asian-economies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7271 |
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okr-10986-7271 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABSOLUTE POVERTY ADVANCED COUNTRIES AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRARIAN STRUCTURE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL LABOUR AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURE AVERAGE GROWTH BORROWING BUDGETARY CONSTRAINT CAPITAL INTENSITY CAPITAL MARKETS CD COMMERCIAL FARMS COMMODITY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES CONSUMERS CREDITS CRISES DEBT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING ECONOMIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISEQUILIBRIUM DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICES ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RECESSIONS ECONOMIC STATISTICS ELASTICITY EXCHANGE RATE EXPORTS FAMILY MEMBERS FARM ACTIVITIES FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARM PRODUCTS FARM WORKERS FARMERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FOOD AID FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SHORTAGE FOOD SUPPLY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HEAD COUNT INDEX HIGH POPULATION DENSITY HIGH WAGES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INCOME INCOME DISPARITY INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GAP INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME SOURCES INDUSTRIALIZATION INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL PRICES INTERNATIONAL TRADE IRRIGATION LABOR ABSORPTION LABOR ALLOCATION LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABORERS LABOUR FORCE LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY LACK OF EXPERIENCE LARGE ENTERPRISES LENDERS LIVING STANDARD LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES LOW-INCOME ECONOMY MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MARKET PRICES MARKETING MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY MULTILATERAL TRADE NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL RESOURCES NONFARM INCOME OUTPUT POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POVERTY INDEXES POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PREMIUM RATE PRICE INDEX PRICE SUPPORT PRICE SUPPORTS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRODUCTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC POLICY RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION RAPID POPULATION GROWTH REAL GDP RECESSIONS RESERVE REQUIREMENT RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL LABOR RURAL PEOPLE SALES SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES STATE UNIVERSITY SUPPORT PROGRAM SUPPORT PROGRAMS TAX TAX RATE TAX RATES TAXATION TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS URBAN WORKERS URUGUAY ROUND VALUE ADDED WAGE WAGE RATES WAGES WAR WEALTH WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKET WTO |
| spellingShingle |
ABSOLUTE POVERTY ADVANCED COUNTRIES AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRARIAN STRUCTURE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL LABOUR AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURE AVERAGE GROWTH BORROWING BUDGETARY CONSTRAINT CAPITAL INTENSITY CAPITAL MARKETS CD COMMERCIAL FARMS COMMODITY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES CONSUMERS CREDITS CRISES DEBT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING ECONOMIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISEQUILIBRIUM DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICES ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RECESSIONS ECONOMIC STATISTICS ELASTICITY EXCHANGE RATE EXPORTS FAMILY MEMBERS FARM ACTIVITIES FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARM PRODUCTS FARM WORKERS FARMERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FOOD AID FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SHORTAGE FOOD SUPPLY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HEAD COUNT INDEX HIGH POPULATION DENSITY HIGH WAGES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INCOME INCOME DISPARITY INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GAP INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME SOURCES INDUSTRIALIZATION INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL PRICES INTERNATIONAL TRADE IRRIGATION LABOR ABSORPTION LABOR ALLOCATION LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABORERS LABOUR FORCE LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY LACK OF EXPERIENCE LARGE ENTERPRISES LENDERS LIVING STANDARD LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES LOW-INCOME ECONOMY MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MARKET PRICES MARKETING MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY MULTILATERAL TRADE NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL RESOURCES NONFARM INCOME OUTPUT POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POVERTY INDEXES POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PREMIUM RATE PRICE INDEX PRICE SUPPORT PRICE SUPPORTS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRODUCTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC POLICY RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION RAPID POPULATION GROWTH REAL GDP RECESSIONS RESERVE REQUIREMENT RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL LABOR RURAL PEOPLE SALES SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES STATE UNIVERSITY SUPPORT PROGRAM SUPPORT PROGRAMS TAX TAX RATE TAX RATES TAXATION TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS URBAN WORKERS URUGUAY ROUND VALUE ADDED WAGE WAGE RATES WAGES WAR WEALTH WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKET WTO Hayami, Yujiro An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia East Asia and Pacific |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4312 |
| description |
Policies to tax farmers in low-income
countries and policies to subsidize them in high-income
countries have been identified as a major source of the
disequilibrium of world agriculture. Recently, as many
high-performing economies in Asia advanced from the
low-income to the middle-income stage through successful
industrialization, they have been confronted with the
problem of a widening income gap between farm and non-farm
workers corresponding to rapid shifts in comparative
advantage from agriculture to manufacturing. In order to
prevent this disparity from culminating in serious social
and political instability, policies have been reoriented
toward supporting the income of farmers. At the same time,
governments in middle-income countries must continue to
secure low-cost food for the urban poor who are still large
in number. The need to achieve the two conflicting goals
under the still weak fiscal capacity of governments tends to
make agricultural policies in the middle-income stage
tinkering and ineffective. Greater research inputs in this
area are called for in order to prevent the growth momentum
of high-performing economies in Asia from being disrupted by
political crises. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Hayami, Yujiro |
| author_facet |
Hayami, Yujiro |
| author_sort |
Hayami, Yujiro |
| title |
An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies |
| title_short |
An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies |
| title_full |
An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies |
| title_fullStr |
An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies |
| title_full_unstemmed |
An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies |
| title_sort |
emerging agricultural problem in high-performing asian economies |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8087029/emerging-agricultural-problem-high-performing-asian-economies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7271 |
| _version_ |
1764402000772988928 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-72712021-04-23T14:02:34Z An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies Hayami, Yujiro ABSOLUTE POVERTY ADVANCED COUNTRIES AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRARIAN STRUCTURE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL LABOUR AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURE AVERAGE GROWTH BORROWING BUDGETARY CONSTRAINT CAPITAL INTENSITY CAPITAL MARKETS CD COMMERCIAL FARMS COMMODITY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES CONSUMERS CREDITS CRISES DEBT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING ECONOMIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISEQUILIBRIUM DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICES ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RECESSIONS ECONOMIC STATISTICS ELASTICITY EXCHANGE RATE EXPORTS FAMILY MEMBERS FARM ACTIVITIES FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARM PRODUCTS FARM WORKERS FARMERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FOOD AID FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SHORTAGE FOOD SUPPLY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HEAD COUNT INDEX HIGH POPULATION DENSITY HIGH WAGES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INCOME INCOME DISPARITY INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GAP INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME SOURCES INDUSTRIALIZATION INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL PRICES INTERNATIONAL TRADE IRRIGATION LABOR ABSORPTION LABOR ALLOCATION LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABORERS LABOUR FORCE LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY LACK OF EXPERIENCE LARGE ENTERPRISES LENDERS LIVING STANDARD LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES LOW-INCOME ECONOMY MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MARKET PRICES MARKETING MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY MULTILATERAL TRADE NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL RESOURCES NONFARM INCOME OUTPUT POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POVERTY INDEXES POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PREMIUM RATE PRICE INDEX PRICE SUPPORT PRICE SUPPORTS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRODUCTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC POLICY RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION RAPID POPULATION GROWTH REAL GDP RECESSIONS RESERVE REQUIREMENT RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL LABOR RURAL PEOPLE SALES SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES STATE UNIVERSITY SUPPORT PROGRAM SUPPORT PROGRAMS TAX TAX RATE TAX RATES TAXATION TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS URBAN WORKERS URUGUAY ROUND VALUE ADDED WAGE WAGE RATES WAGES WAR WEALTH WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKET WTO Policies to tax farmers in low-income countries and policies to subsidize them in high-income countries have been identified as a major source of the disequilibrium of world agriculture. Recently, as many high-performing economies in Asia advanced from the low-income to the middle-income stage through successful industrialization, they have been confronted with the problem of a widening income gap between farm and non-farm workers corresponding to rapid shifts in comparative advantage from agriculture to manufacturing. In order to prevent this disparity from culminating in serious social and political instability, policies have been reoriented toward supporting the income of farmers. At the same time, governments in middle-income countries must continue to secure low-cost food for the urban poor who are still large in number. The need to achieve the two conflicting goals under the still weak fiscal capacity of governments tends to make agricultural policies in the middle-income stage tinkering and ineffective. Greater research inputs in this area are called for in order to prevent the growth momentum of high-performing economies in Asia from being disrupted by political crises. 2012-06-06T16:20:42Z 2012-06-06T16:20:42Z 2007-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8087029/emerging-agricultural-problem-high-performing-asian-economies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7271 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4312 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia East Asia and Pacific |