The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Disruptions to Education, and Returns to Schooling in Urban China
In determining whether a country's higher education system should be expanded, it is important for policymakers first to determine the extent to which high private returns to post-secondary education are an indication of the scarcity of gradua...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/09/9887676/great-proletarian-cultural-revolution-disruptions-education-returns-schooling-urban-china http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6946 |
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okr-10986-69462021-04-23T14:02:32Z The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Disruptions to Education, and Returns to Schooling in Urban China Giles, John Park, Albert Wang, Meiyan ABILITY OF STUDENTS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION ADULTS AGE COHORT AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AVERAGE TREATMENT EFFECT CAREER CAREER PATHS CITIZENS COLLEGE ADMISSIONS COLLEGE EDUCATION COLLEGE ENTRANCE COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAM COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS COLLEGES CULTURAL CHANGE DEGREE PROGRAMS DEGREES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARLY CHILDHOOD ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EDUCATED PARENTS EDUCATION OFFICIALS EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATION VARIABLES EDUCATIONAL ACCESS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL DISRUPTION EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SUPPLY EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM EFFECTS OF EDUCATION ELEMENTARY SCHOOL EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ENROLLMENT OF STUDENTS ENROLLMENT RATES EXAMS FAMILY LIFE FAMILY SUPPORT FORMAL EDUCATION GOVERNMENT OFFICES GRADUATION RATES HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION ENTRANTS HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION LABOR MARKET LARGE CITIES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LITERATURE LOWER EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT LOWER SECONDARY MIDDLE SCHOOL MIGRANTS MIGRATION MOTHER NATIONAL SCHOOL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY NEW ENTRANTS NUTRITION PANDEMIC PAPERS PARENT EDUCATION PARENTAL EDUCATION PLACE OF RESIDENCE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION CENSUS POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOL PROGRESS PUBLIC SCHOOL PUBLIC SERVICES RESEARCH GRANTS RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RETURNS TO EDUCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL LOCATIONS SCHOLARS SCHOOL AGE SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL COMPLETION SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SCHOOL EDUCATION SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL EXPANSION SCHOOL GRADUATES SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLING SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIAL UNREST SPECIAL EDUCATION STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITY GRADUATES UPPER SECONDARY URBAN AREAS URBAN POPULATION VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL WAR WORKERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUTH YOUTH POPULATION In determining whether a country's higher education system should be expanded, it is important for policymakers first to determine the extent to which high private returns to post-secondary education are an indication of the scarcity of graduates instead of the high unobserved ability of students who choose to attend post-secondary education. To this end, the paper identifies the returns to schooling in urban China using individual-level variation in educational attainment caused by exogenous city-wide disruptions to education during the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976. For city-cohorts who experienced greater disruptions, children's educational attainment became less correlated with that of their fathers and more influenced by whether their fathers held administrative positions. The analysis calculates returns to college education using data from the China Urban Labor Survey conducted in five large cities in 2001. The results are consistent with the selection of high-ability students into higher education. The analysis also demonstrates that these results are unlikely to be driven by sample selection bias associated with migration, or by alternative pathways through which the Cultural Revolution could have affected adult productivity. 2012-06-01T22:00:57Z 2012-06-01T22:00:57Z 2008-09 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/09/9887676/great-proletarian-cultural-revolution-disruptions-education-returns-schooling-urban-china http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6946 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4729 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific China |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABILITY OF STUDENTS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION ADULTS AGE COHORT AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AVERAGE TREATMENT EFFECT CAREER CAREER PATHS CITIZENS COLLEGE ADMISSIONS COLLEGE EDUCATION COLLEGE ENTRANCE COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAM COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS COLLEGES CULTURAL CHANGE DEGREE PROGRAMS DEGREES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARLY CHILDHOOD ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EDUCATED PARENTS EDUCATION OFFICIALS EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATION VARIABLES EDUCATIONAL ACCESS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL DISRUPTION EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SUPPLY EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM EFFECTS OF EDUCATION ELEMENTARY SCHOOL EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ENROLLMENT OF STUDENTS ENROLLMENT RATES EXAMS FAMILY LIFE FAMILY SUPPORT FORMAL EDUCATION GOVERNMENT OFFICES GRADUATION RATES HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION ENTRANTS HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION LABOR MARKET LARGE CITIES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LITERATURE LOWER EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT LOWER SECONDARY MIDDLE SCHOOL MIGRANTS MIGRATION MOTHER NATIONAL SCHOOL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY NEW ENTRANTS NUTRITION PANDEMIC PAPERS PARENT EDUCATION PARENTAL EDUCATION PLACE OF RESIDENCE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION CENSUS POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOL PROGRESS PUBLIC SCHOOL PUBLIC SERVICES RESEARCH GRANTS RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RETURNS TO EDUCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL LOCATIONS SCHOLARS SCHOOL AGE SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL COMPLETION SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SCHOOL EDUCATION SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL EXPANSION SCHOOL GRADUATES SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLING SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIAL UNREST SPECIAL EDUCATION STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITY GRADUATES UPPER SECONDARY URBAN AREAS URBAN POPULATION VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL WAR WORKERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUTH YOUTH POPULATION |
| spellingShingle |
ABILITY OF STUDENTS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION ADULTS AGE COHORT AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AVERAGE TREATMENT EFFECT CAREER CAREER PATHS CITIZENS COLLEGE ADMISSIONS COLLEGE EDUCATION COLLEGE ENTRANCE COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAM COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS COLLEGES CULTURAL CHANGE DEGREE PROGRAMS DEGREES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARLY CHILDHOOD ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EDUCATED PARENTS EDUCATION OFFICIALS EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATION VARIABLES EDUCATIONAL ACCESS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL DISRUPTION EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SUPPLY EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM EFFECTS OF EDUCATION ELEMENTARY SCHOOL EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ENROLLMENT OF STUDENTS ENROLLMENT RATES EXAMS FAMILY LIFE FAMILY SUPPORT FORMAL EDUCATION GOVERNMENT OFFICES GRADUATION RATES HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION ENTRANTS HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION LABOR MARKET LARGE CITIES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LITERATURE LOWER EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT LOWER SECONDARY MIDDLE SCHOOL MIGRANTS MIGRATION MOTHER NATIONAL SCHOOL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY NEW ENTRANTS NUTRITION PANDEMIC PAPERS PARENT EDUCATION PARENTAL EDUCATION PLACE OF RESIDENCE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION CENSUS POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOL PROGRESS PUBLIC SCHOOL PUBLIC SERVICES RESEARCH GRANTS RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RETURNS TO EDUCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL LOCATIONS SCHOLARS SCHOOL AGE SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL COMPLETION SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SCHOOL EDUCATION SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL EXPANSION SCHOOL GRADUATES SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLING SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIAL UNREST SPECIAL EDUCATION STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITY GRADUATES UPPER SECONDARY URBAN AREAS URBAN POPULATION VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL WAR WORKERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUTH YOUTH POPULATION Giles, John Park, Albert Wang, Meiyan The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Disruptions to Education, and Returns to Schooling in Urban China |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific China |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4729 |
| description |
In determining whether a country's
higher education system should be expanded, it is important
for policymakers first to determine the extent to which high
private returns to post-secondary education are an
indication of the scarcity of graduates instead of the high
unobserved ability of students who choose to attend
post-secondary education. To this end, the paper identifies
the returns to schooling in urban China using
individual-level variation in educational attainment caused
by exogenous city-wide disruptions to education during the
Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976. For city-cohorts who
experienced greater disruptions, children's educational
attainment became less correlated with that of their fathers
and more influenced by whether their fathers held
administrative positions. The analysis calculates returns to
college education using data from the China Urban Labor
Survey conducted in five large cities in 2001. The results
are consistent with the selection of high-ability students
into higher education. The analysis also demonstrates that
these results are unlikely to be driven by sample selection
bias associated with migration, or by alternative pathways
through which the Cultural Revolution could have affected
adult productivity. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Giles, John Park, Albert Wang, Meiyan |
| author_facet |
Giles, John Park, Albert Wang, Meiyan |
| author_sort |
Giles, John |
| title |
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Disruptions to Education, and Returns to Schooling in Urban China |
| title_short |
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Disruptions to Education, and Returns to Schooling in Urban China |
| title_full |
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Disruptions to Education, and Returns to Schooling in Urban China |
| title_fullStr |
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Disruptions to Education, and Returns to Schooling in Urban China |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Disruptions to Education, and Returns to Schooling in Urban China |
| title_sort |
great proletarian cultural revolution, disruptions to education, and returns to schooling in urban china |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/09/9887676/great-proletarian-cultural-revolution-disruptions-education-returns-schooling-urban-china http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6946 |
| _version_ |
1764401154402287616 |