The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Inequality in Ghana

This paper uses a new, 2005/06 nationally-representative household survey to analyze the impact of internal remittances (from Ghana) and international remittances (from African and other countries) on poverty and inequality in Ghana. To control for...

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Main Authors:	Adams, Richard H., Jr., Cuecuecha, Alfredo, Page, John
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO RESOURCES ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AMOUNT OF REMITTANCES AVERAGE VALUE OF REMITTANCES BANK POLICY CAPITA REMITTANCES COUNTERFACTUAL CURRENCY CURRENCY CRISIS DATA ON REMITTANCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISTRIBUTION OF REMITTANCES EARNINGS ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC STATUS EFFECT OF REMITTANCES EFFECTS OF REMITTANCES ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY EQUIPMENT ETHNIC GROUPS EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES FAMILY TIES FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FEWER CHILDREN FOOD GOODS FOOD POLICY FOOD REQUIREMENTS GENDER GROUP ACCOUNTS HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT OF MIGRATION IMPACT OF REMITTANCES IMPACT ON POVERTY INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME FLOWS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME TRANSFERS INFLATION INSTRUMENT INTERNAL MIGRANTS INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCE INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCES LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOUR FORCE LEVEL OF POVERTY LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS MICRO-ENTERPRISES MIGRANT MIGRANT NETWORKS MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRATION NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL POVERTY LINE NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR COUNTRIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSON POVERTY GAP POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX POVERTY INDEX POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRESS RECEIPT REGIONAL DUMMIES RELIGIOUS GROUPS REMITTANCE REMITTANCE FLOWS REMITTANCE-RECEIVING HOUSEHOLDS REMITTANCES REMITTANCES REMITTANCES RESPECT RETURN RETURNS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL PRODUCTIVITY SAVINGS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION SOCIAL NETWORK SOCIAL NETWORKS SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TYPES OF REMITTANCES UNIVERSITY EDUCATION URBAN AREAS VALUE OF REMITTANCES VILLAGE
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/09/9899265/impact-remittances-poverty-inequality-ghana http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6940

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recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-69402021-04-23T14:02:32Z The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Inequality in Ghana Adams, Richard H., Jr. Cuecuecha, Alfredo Page, John ACCESS TO RESOURCES ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AMOUNT OF REMITTANCES AVERAGE VALUE OF REMITTANCES BANK POLICY CAPITA REMITTANCES COUNTERFACTUAL CURRENCY CURRENCY CRISIS DATA ON REMITTANCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISTRIBUTION OF REMITTANCES EARNINGS ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC STATUS EFFECT OF REMITTANCES EFFECTS OF REMITTANCES ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY EQUIPMENT ETHNIC GROUPS EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES FAMILY TIES FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FEWER CHILDREN FOOD GOODS FOOD POLICY FOOD REQUIREMENTS GENDER GROUP ACCOUNTS HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT OF MIGRATION IMPACT OF REMITTANCES IMPACT ON POVERTY INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME FLOWS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME TRANSFERS INFLATION INSTRUMENT INTERNAL MIGRANTS INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCE INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCES LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOUR FORCE LEVEL OF POVERTY LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS MICRO-ENTERPRISES MIGRANT MIGRANT NETWORKS MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRATION NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL POVERTY LINE NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR COUNTRIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSON POVERTY GAP POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX POVERTY INDEX POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRESS RECEIPT REGIONAL DUMMIES RELIGIOUS GROUPS REMITTANCE REMITTANCE FLOWS REMITTANCE-RECEIVING HOUSEHOLDS REMITTANCES REMITTANCES REMITTANCES RESPECT RETURN RETURNS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL PRODUCTIVITY SAVINGS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION SOCIAL NETWORK SOCIAL NETWORKS SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TYPES OF REMITTANCES UNIVERSITY EDUCATION URBAN AREAS VALUE OF REMITTANCES VILLAGE This paper uses a new, 2005/06 nationally-representative household survey to analyze the impact of internal remittances (from Ghana) and international remittances (from African and other countries) on poverty and inequality in Ghana. To control for selection and endogeneity, it uses a two-stage multinomial logit model with instrumental variables focusing on variations in migration networks and remittances among various ethno-religious groups in Ghana. The paper finds that both internal and international remittances reduce the level, depth, and severity of poverty in Ghana. However, the size of the poverty reduction depends on the type of remittances received. In general, poverty in Ghana is reduced more by international than internal remittances. For households receiving international remittances, the level of poverty falls by 88.1 percent with the inclusion of remittances; for households receiving internal remittances, poverty falls by 69.4 percent with the inclusion of remittances. The paper also finds that both types of remittances increase income inequality in Ghana. For households with internal remittances, the inclusion of remittances causes the Gini coefficient to rise by 4 percent, and for households with international remittances, the inclusion of remittances causes the Gini to increase by 17.4 percent. 2012-06-01T21:41:05Z 2012-06-01T21:41:05Z 2008-09 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/09/9899265/impact-remittances-poverty-inequality-ghana http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6940 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4732 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Ghana
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCESS TO RESOURCES ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AMOUNT OF REMITTANCES AVERAGE VALUE OF REMITTANCES BANK POLICY CAPITA REMITTANCES COUNTERFACTUAL CURRENCY CURRENCY CRISIS DATA ON REMITTANCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISTRIBUTION OF REMITTANCES EARNINGS ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC STATUS EFFECT OF REMITTANCES EFFECTS OF REMITTANCES ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY EQUIPMENT ETHNIC GROUPS EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES FAMILY TIES FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FEWER CHILDREN FOOD GOODS FOOD POLICY FOOD REQUIREMENTS GENDER GROUP ACCOUNTS HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT OF MIGRATION IMPACT OF REMITTANCES IMPACT ON POVERTY INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME FLOWS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME TRANSFERS INFLATION INSTRUMENT INTERNAL MIGRANTS INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCE INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCES LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOUR FORCE LEVEL OF POVERTY LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS MICRO-ENTERPRISES MIGRANT MIGRANT NETWORKS MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRATION NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL POVERTY LINE NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR COUNTRIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSON POVERTY GAP POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX POVERTY INDEX POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRESS RECEIPT REGIONAL DUMMIES RELIGIOUS GROUPS REMITTANCE REMITTANCE FLOWS REMITTANCE-RECEIVING HOUSEHOLDS REMITTANCES REMITTANCES REMITTANCES RESPECT RETURN RETURNS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL PRODUCTIVITY SAVINGS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION SOCIAL NETWORK SOCIAL NETWORKS SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TYPES OF REMITTANCES UNIVERSITY EDUCATION URBAN AREAS VALUE OF REMITTANCES VILLAGE
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO RESOURCES ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AMOUNT OF REMITTANCES AVERAGE VALUE OF REMITTANCES BANK POLICY CAPITA REMITTANCES COUNTERFACTUAL CURRENCY CURRENCY CRISIS DATA ON REMITTANCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISTRIBUTION OF REMITTANCES EARNINGS ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC STATUS EFFECT OF REMITTANCES EFFECTS OF REMITTANCES ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY EQUIPMENT ETHNIC GROUPS EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES FAMILY TIES FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FEWER CHILDREN FOOD GOODS FOOD POLICY FOOD REQUIREMENTS GENDER GROUP ACCOUNTS HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN CAPITAL IMPACT OF MIGRATION IMPACT OF REMITTANCES IMPACT ON POVERTY INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME FLOWS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME TRANSFERS INFLATION INSTRUMENT INTERNAL MIGRANTS INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCE INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCES LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOUR FORCE LEVEL OF POVERTY LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS MICRO-ENTERPRISES MIGRANT MIGRANT NETWORKS MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRATION NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL POVERTY LINE NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR COUNTRIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSON POVERTY GAP POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX POVERTY INDEX POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRESS RECEIPT REGIONAL DUMMIES RELIGIOUS GROUPS REMITTANCE REMITTANCE FLOWS REMITTANCE-RECEIVING HOUSEHOLDS REMITTANCES REMITTANCES REMITTANCES RESPECT RETURN RETURNS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL PRODUCTIVITY SAVINGS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION SOCIAL NETWORK SOCIAL NETWORKS SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TYPES OF REMITTANCES UNIVERSITY EDUCATION URBAN AREAS VALUE OF REMITTANCES VILLAGE Adams, Richard H., Jr. Cuecuecha, Alfredo Page, John The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Inequality in Ghana
geographic_facet	Africa Ghana
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4732
description	This paper uses a new, 2005/06 nationally-representative household survey to analyze the impact of internal remittances (from Ghana) and international remittances (from African and other countries) on poverty and inequality in Ghana. To control for selection and endogeneity, it uses a two-stage multinomial logit model with instrumental variables focusing on variations in migration networks and remittances among various ethno-religious groups in Ghana. The paper finds that both internal and international remittances reduce the level, depth, and severity of poverty in Ghana. However, the size of the poverty reduction depends on the type of remittances received. In general, poverty in Ghana is reduced more by international than internal remittances. For households receiving international remittances, the level of poverty falls by 88.1 percent with the inclusion of remittances; for households receiving internal remittances, poverty falls by 69.4 percent with the inclusion of remittances. The paper also finds that both types of remittances increase income inequality in Ghana. For households with internal remittances, the inclusion of remittances causes the Gini coefficient to rise by 4 percent, and for households with international remittances, the inclusion of remittances causes the Gini to increase by 17.4 percent.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Adams, Richard H., Jr. Cuecuecha, Alfredo Page, John
author_facet	Adams, Richard H., Jr. Cuecuecha, Alfredo Page, John
author_sort	Adams, Richard H., Jr.
title	The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Inequality in Ghana
title_short	The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Inequality in Ghana
title_full	The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Inequality in Ghana
title_fullStr	The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Inequality in Ghana
title_full_unstemmed	The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Inequality in Ghana
title_sort	impact of remittances on poverty and inequality in ghana
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/09/9899265/impact-remittances-poverty-inequality-ghana http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6940
_version_	1764401375672795136

The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Inequality in Ghana

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