Does Regionalism Affect Trade Liberalization toward Non-Members?
This paper examines the effect of regionalism on unilateral trade liberalization using industry-level data on applied most-favored nation tariffs and bilateral preferences for ten Latin American countries from 1990 to 2001. The findings show that p...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/10/9934137/regionalism-affect-trade-liberalization-toward-non-members http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6936 |
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okr-10986-6936 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
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English |
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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BARGAINING POWER BILATERAL AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS BLOC MEMBERS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONCESSION CONSUMER SURPLUS CURRENCY CUSTOM UNIONS CUSTOMS CUSTOMS UNION CUSTOMS UNIONS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY TARIFFS DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DOMESTIC PRICE DUTY-FREE TREATMENT ECONOMIC COMMUNITY ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ENDOGENOUS TARIFF ENDOGENOUS TARIFF FORMATION ESCAPE CLAUSE EUROPEAN UNION EXPORT SECTOR EXPORT SUPPLY EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNAL LIBERALIZATION EXTERNAL TARIFF EXTERNAL TARIFF STRUCTURE EXTERNAL TARIFFS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS EXTERNAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION EXTERNAL TRADE POLICIES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FORMATION OF CUSTOMS UNIONS FREE ACCESS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREA FREE TRADE AREAS FREE TRADE ZONES FREE TREATMENT FREE-TRADE AGREEMENTS GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL LIBERALIZATION GLOBAL TRADING HARMONIZATION HIGH TARIFFS HOME COUNTRY HOME GOVERNMENT IMPORT DEMAND IMPORT SHARE IMPORT TARIFF IMPORT-COMPETING SECTOR IMPORT-COMPETING SECTORS IMPORTS INTEGRATING COUNTRIES INTERNAL FREE TRADE INTERNAL LIBERALIZATION INTERNAL TARIFFS INTERNAL TRADE INTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY LABOR STANDARDS LEVEL OF PROTECTION LOBBYING MARKET ACCESS MARKET POWER MEMBER COUNTRIES MFN TARIFFS MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS MULTILATERAL FREE TRADE MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL SYSTEM MULTILATERAL TARIFF REDUCTION MULTILATERAL TARIFFS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERALISM NON-MEMBER COUNTRIES NON-TRADE AREAS OPEN TRADE OPTIMAL TARIFF OPTIMAL TARIFFS PERFECT COMPETITION POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICALLY SENSITIVE SECTORS PREFERENCE EROSION PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL MARGIN PREFERENTIAL MARGINS PREFERENTIAL PARTNERS PREFERENTIAL RATE PREFERENTIAL RATES PREFERENTIAL REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL REDUCTIONS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENT PREFERENTIAL TRADING PREFERENTIAL TRADING AREAS PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PROTECTION LEVELS PROTECTIONISM PROTECTIONIST RECIPROCITY REGIONAL AGREEMENT REGIONAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL PARTNERS REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONAL TRADE BLOCS REGIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION REGIONALISM REGIONALIZATION RULES OF ORIGIN SIDE AGREEMENTS SOURCING STANDARD ERRORS TARIFF BINDINGS TARIFF CHANGES TARIFF CONCESSIONS TARIFF CREATION TARIFF CUTS TARIFF DATA TARIFF DIVERSION TARIFF FORMATION TARIFF INCREASES TARIFF LEVELS TARIFF LIBERALIZATION TARIFF LINE TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REVENUE TERMS OF TRADE TERMS OF TRADE LOSS TERMS OF TRADE LOSSES TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BLOC TRADE BLOCS TRADE CHANGES TRADE CONCESSIONS TRADE CREATING TRADE DATA TRADE DIVERSION TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE LOSSES TRADE OBJECTIVES TRADE OPENNESS TRADE PARTNER TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE REFORM TRADE ROUND TRADE SYSTEM TRADE THEORY TRADING BLOCS TRADING PARTNERS UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION UNILATERAL TRADE UNILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION WAGE RATE WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICE WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM |
| spellingShingle |
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BARGAINING POWER BILATERAL AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS BLOC MEMBERS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONCESSION CONSUMER SURPLUS CURRENCY CUSTOM UNIONS CUSTOMS CUSTOMS UNION CUSTOMS UNIONS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY TARIFFS DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DOMESTIC PRICE DUTY-FREE TREATMENT ECONOMIC COMMUNITY ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ENDOGENOUS TARIFF ENDOGENOUS TARIFF FORMATION ESCAPE CLAUSE EUROPEAN UNION EXPORT SECTOR EXPORT SUPPLY EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNAL LIBERALIZATION EXTERNAL TARIFF EXTERNAL TARIFF STRUCTURE EXTERNAL TARIFFS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS EXTERNAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION EXTERNAL TRADE POLICIES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FORMATION OF CUSTOMS UNIONS FREE ACCESS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREA FREE TRADE AREAS FREE TRADE ZONES FREE TREATMENT FREE-TRADE AGREEMENTS GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL LIBERALIZATION GLOBAL TRADING HARMONIZATION HIGH TARIFFS HOME COUNTRY HOME GOVERNMENT IMPORT DEMAND IMPORT SHARE IMPORT TARIFF IMPORT-COMPETING SECTOR IMPORT-COMPETING SECTORS IMPORTS INTEGRATING COUNTRIES INTERNAL FREE TRADE INTERNAL LIBERALIZATION INTERNAL TARIFFS INTERNAL TRADE INTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY LABOR STANDARDS LEVEL OF PROTECTION LOBBYING MARKET ACCESS MARKET POWER MEMBER COUNTRIES MFN TARIFFS MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS MULTILATERAL FREE TRADE MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL SYSTEM MULTILATERAL TARIFF REDUCTION MULTILATERAL TARIFFS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERALISM NON-MEMBER COUNTRIES NON-TRADE AREAS OPEN TRADE OPTIMAL TARIFF OPTIMAL TARIFFS PERFECT COMPETITION POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICALLY SENSITIVE SECTORS PREFERENCE EROSION PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL MARGIN PREFERENTIAL MARGINS PREFERENTIAL PARTNERS PREFERENTIAL RATE PREFERENTIAL RATES PREFERENTIAL REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL REDUCTIONS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENT PREFERENTIAL TRADING PREFERENTIAL TRADING AREAS PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PROTECTION LEVELS PROTECTIONISM PROTECTIONIST RECIPROCITY REGIONAL AGREEMENT REGIONAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL PARTNERS REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONAL TRADE BLOCS REGIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION REGIONALISM REGIONALIZATION RULES OF ORIGIN SIDE AGREEMENTS SOURCING STANDARD ERRORS TARIFF BINDINGS TARIFF CHANGES TARIFF CONCESSIONS TARIFF CREATION TARIFF CUTS TARIFF DATA TARIFF DIVERSION TARIFF FORMATION TARIFF INCREASES TARIFF LEVELS TARIFF LIBERALIZATION TARIFF LINE TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REVENUE TERMS OF TRADE TERMS OF TRADE LOSS TERMS OF TRADE LOSSES TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BLOC TRADE BLOCS TRADE CHANGES TRADE CONCESSIONS TRADE CREATING TRADE DATA TRADE DIVERSION TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE LOSSES TRADE OBJECTIVES TRADE OPENNESS TRADE PARTNER TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE REFORM TRADE ROUND TRADE SYSTEM TRADE THEORY TRADING BLOCS TRADING PARTNERS UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION UNILATERAL TRADE UNILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION WAGE RATE WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICE WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM Estevadeordal, Antoni Freund, Caroline Ornelas, Emanuel Does Regionalism Affect Trade Liberalization toward Non-Members? |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4751 |
| description |
This paper examines the effect of
regionalism on unilateral trade liberalization using
industry-level data on applied most-favored nation tariffs
and bilateral preferences for ten Latin American countries
from 1990 to 2001. The findings show that preferential
tariff reduction in a given sector leads to a reduction in
the external (most-favored nation) tariff in that sector.
External liberalization is greater if preferences are
granted to important suppliers. However, these
"complementarity effects" of preferential
liberalization on external liberalization do not arise in
customs unions. Overall, the results suggest that concerns
about a negative effect of preferential liberalization on
external trade liberalization are unfounded. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Estevadeordal, Antoni Freund, Caroline Ornelas, Emanuel |
| author_facet |
Estevadeordal, Antoni Freund, Caroline Ornelas, Emanuel |
| author_sort |
Estevadeordal, Antoni |
| title |
Does Regionalism Affect Trade Liberalization toward Non-Members? |
| title_short |
Does Regionalism Affect Trade Liberalization toward Non-Members? |
| title_full |
Does Regionalism Affect Trade Liberalization toward Non-Members? |
| title_fullStr |
Does Regionalism Affect Trade Liberalization toward Non-Members? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Does Regionalism Affect Trade Liberalization toward Non-Members? |
| title_sort |
does regionalism affect trade liberalization toward non-members? |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/10/9934137/regionalism-affect-trade-liberalization-toward-non-members http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6936 |
| _version_ |
1764401359882289152 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-69362021-04-23T14:02:32Z Does Regionalism Affect Trade Liberalization toward Non-Members? Estevadeordal, Antoni Freund, Caroline Ornelas, Emanuel BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BARGAINING POWER BILATERAL AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS BLOC MEMBERS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONCESSION CONSUMER SURPLUS CURRENCY CUSTOM UNIONS CUSTOMS CUSTOMS UNION CUSTOMS UNIONS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY TARIFFS DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DOMESTIC PRICE DUTY-FREE TREATMENT ECONOMIC COMMUNITY ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ENDOGENOUS TARIFF ENDOGENOUS TARIFF FORMATION ESCAPE CLAUSE EUROPEAN UNION EXPORT SECTOR EXPORT SUPPLY EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNAL LIBERALIZATION EXTERNAL TARIFF EXTERNAL TARIFF STRUCTURE EXTERNAL TARIFFS EXTERNAL TRADE EXTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS EXTERNAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION EXTERNAL TRADE POLICIES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FORMATION OF CUSTOMS UNIONS FREE ACCESS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREA FREE TRADE AREAS FREE TRADE ZONES FREE TREATMENT FREE-TRADE AGREEMENTS GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL LIBERALIZATION GLOBAL TRADING HARMONIZATION HIGH TARIFFS HOME COUNTRY HOME GOVERNMENT IMPORT DEMAND IMPORT SHARE IMPORT TARIFF IMPORT-COMPETING SECTOR IMPORT-COMPETING SECTORS IMPORTS INTEGRATING COUNTRIES INTERNAL FREE TRADE INTERNAL LIBERALIZATION INTERNAL TARIFFS INTERNAL TRADE INTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY LABOR STANDARDS LEVEL OF PROTECTION LOBBYING MARKET ACCESS MARKET POWER MEMBER COUNTRIES MFN TARIFFS MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS MULTILATERAL FREE TRADE MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL SYSTEM MULTILATERAL TARIFF REDUCTION MULTILATERAL TARIFFS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERALISM NON-MEMBER COUNTRIES NON-TRADE AREAS OPEN TRADE OPTIMAL TARIFF OPTIMAL TARIFFS PERFECT COMPETITION POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICALLY SENSITIVE SECTORS PREFERENCE EROSION PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL MARGIN PREFERENTIAL MARGINS PREFERENTIAL PARTNERS PREFERENTIAL RATE PREFERENTIAL RATES PREFERENTIAL REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL REDUCTIONS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENT PREFERENTIAL TRADING PREFERENTIAL TRADING AREAS PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PROTECTION LEVELS PROTECTIONISM PROTECTIONIST RECIPROCITY REGIONAL AGREEMENT REGIONAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL PARTNERS REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONAL TRADE BLOCS REGIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION REGIONALISM REGIONALIZATION RULES OF ORIGIN SIDE AGREEMENTS SOURCING STANDARD ERRORS TARIFF BINDINGS TARIFF CHANGES TARIFF CONCESSIONS TARIFF CREATION TARIFF CUTS TARIFF DATA TARIFF DIVERSION TARIFF FORMATION TARIFF INCREASES TARIFF LEVELS TARIFF LIBERALIZATION TARIFF LINE TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REVENUE TERMS OF TRADE TERMS OF TRADE LOSS TERMS OF TRADE LOSSES TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BLOC TRADE BLOCS TRADE CHANGES TRADE CONCESSIONS TRADE CREATING TRADE DATA TRADE DIVERSION TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE LOSSES TRADE OBJECTIVES TRADE OPENNESS TRADE PARTNER TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE REFORM TRADE ROUND TRADE SYSTEM TRADE THEORY TRADING BLOCS TRADING PARTNERS UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION UNILATERAL TRADE UNILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION WAGE RATE WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICE WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM This paper examines the effect of regionalism on unilateral trade liberalization using industry-level data on applied most-favored nation tariffs and bilateral preferences for ten Latin American countries from 1990 to 2001. The findings show that preferential tariff reduction in a given sector leads to a reduction in the external (most-favored nation) tariff in that sector. External liberalization is greater if preferences are granted to important suppliers. However, these "complementarity effects" of preferential liberalization on external liberalization do not arise in customs unions. Overall, the results suggest that concerns about a negative effect of preferential liberalization on external trade liberalization are unfounded. 2012-06-01T21:26:18Z 2012-06-01T21:26:18Z 2008-10 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/10/9934137/regionalism-affect-trade-liberalization-toward-non-members http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6936 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4751 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |