Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves?

This paper uses data from the 61st Round of the National Sample Survey to understand the employment outcomes of Dalit and Muslim men in India. It uses a conceptual framework developed for the US labor market that states that ethnic minorities skir...

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Main Author: Das, Maitreyi Bordia
Format: Policy Research Working Paper
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9592751/minority-status-labor-market-outcomes-india-minority-enclaves
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6868
id okr-10986-6868
recordtype oai_dc
spelling okr-10986-68682021-04-23T14:02:32Z Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves? Das, Maitreyi Bordia ACCESS TO CAPITAL ACCESS TO INFORMATION AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT CARPENTERS CASUAL WORKERS CLERKS CREDIT MARKETS DISABLED DISCRIMINATION DOMESTIC WORKERS EARNINGS ECONOMICS EDUCATED MEN EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT INCREASE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ENTREPRENEURS ENTREPRENEURSHIP ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNIC MINORITIES EXPLOITATION EXTERNALITIES FARM ENTERPRISE FARMERS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FORMAL LABOR MARKET HIGHER EDUCATION HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN BEINGS HUMAN CAPITAL IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION INCOME INTERNATIONAL BANK JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABORERS LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LACK OF ACCESS LEVELS OF EDUCATION MARITAL STATUS MERCHANTS MINORITY MINORITY GROUPS MOTIVATION NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT NON-FARM SECTOR OCCUPATIONS OWNERSHIP OF LAND POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION ASSOCIATION POPULATION GROUPS PREVIOUS WORK PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROSTITUTES PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SECTOR ­ JOBS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC WORKS REGULAR JOBS RELIGIOUS GROUPS RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SALARIED EMPLOYMENT SCHOLARSHIP SECONDARY EDUCATION SELF EMPLOYMENT SELF- EMPLOYMENT SELF-EMPLOYMENT SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INEQUALITY SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL PRESSURE SOCIAL PROBLEMS SOCIAL STATUS SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SOCIOLOGISTS SPOUSE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE GROWTH UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS VILLAGES WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGES WORKERS This paper uses data from the 61st Round of the National Sample Survey to understand the employment outcomes of Dalit and Muslim men in India. It uses a conceptual framework developed for the US labor market that states that ethnic minorities skirt discrimination in the primary labor market to build successful self-employed ventures in the form of ethnic enclaves or ethnic labor markets. The paper uses entry into self-employment for educated minority groups as a proxy for minority enclaves. Based on multinomial logistic regression, the analysis finds that the minority enclave hypothesis does not hold for Dalits but it does overwhelmingly for Muslims. The interaction of Dalit and Muslim status with post-primary education in urban areas demonstrates that post-primary education confers almost a disadvantage for minority men: it does not seem to affect their allocation either to salaried work or to non-farm self-employment but does increase their likelihood of opting out of the labor force - and if they cannot afford to drop out, they join the casual labor market. Due to the complexity of these results and the fact that there are no earnings data for self-employment, it is difficult to say whether self-employment is a choice or compulsion and whether builders of minority enclaves fare better than those in the primary market. 2012-06-01T16:02:26Z 2012-06-01T16:02:26Z 2008-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9592751/minority-status-labor-market-outcomes-india-minority-enclaves http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6868 English Policy Research Working Paper No. 4653 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic ACCESS TO CAPITAL
ACCESS TO INFORMATION
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT
CARPENTERS
CASUAL WORKERS
CLERKS
CREDIT MARKETS
DISABLED
DISCRIMINATION
DOMESTIC WORKERS
EARNINGS
ECONOMICS
EDUCATED MEN
EDUCATED WOMEN
EDUCATION LEVEL
EDUCATION LEVELS
EMPLOYEE
EMPLOYERS
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT INCREASE
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES
ENTREPRENEURS
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ETHNIC GROUP
ETHNIC GROUPS
ETHNIC MINORITIES
EXPLOITATION
EXTERNALITIES
FARM ENTERPRISE
FARMERS
FEMALE LABOR
FEMALE LABOR FORCE
FORMAL LABOR MARKET
HIGHER EDUCATION
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
HUMAN BEINGS
HUMAN CAPITAL
IMMIGRANT
IMMIGRANTS
IMMIGRATION
INCOME
INTERNATIONAL BANK
JOB SECURITY
JOBS
LABOR FORCE
LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES
LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
LABOR MARKETS
LABORERS
LABOUR
LABOUR MARKET
LACK OF ACCESS
LEVELS OF EDUCATION
MARITAL STATUS
MERCHANTS
MINORITY
MINORITY GROUPS
MOTIVATION
NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT
NON-FARM SECTOR
OCCUPATIONS
OWNERSHIP OF LAND
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POPULATION ASSOCIATION
POPULATION GROUPS
PREVIOUS WORK
PRIMARY EDUCATION
PRIVATE SECTOR
PRODUCTIVITY
PROGRESS
PROSTITUTES
PUBLIC EDUCATION
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS
PUBLIC SECTOR ­ JOBS
PUBLIC SERVICE
PUBLIC WORKS
REGULAR JOBS
RELIGIOUS GROUPS
RURAL AREAS
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
SALARIED EMPLOYMENT
SCHOLARSHIP
SECONDARY EDUCATION
SELF EMPLOYMENT
SELF- EMPLOYMENT
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
SMALL BUSINESSES
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL EXCLUSION
SOCIAL INEQUALITY
SOCIAL MOBILITY
SOCIAL NETWORKS
SOCIAL PRESSURE
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
SOCIAL STATUS
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
SOCIOLOGISTS
SPOUSE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
UNEMPLOYED
UNEMPLOYMENT
URBAN AREAS
VILLAGES
WAGE EMPLOYMENT
WAGES
WORKERS
spellingShingle ACCESS TO CAPITAL
ACCESS TO INFORMATION
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT
CARPENTERS
CASUAL WORKERS
CLERKS
CREDIT MARKETS
DISABLED
DISCRIMINATION
DOMESTIC WORKERS
EARNINGS
ECONOMICS
EDUCATED MEN
EDUCATED WOMEN
EDUCATION LEVEL
EDUCATION LEVELS
EMPLOYEE
EMPLOYERS
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT INCREASE
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES
ENTREPRENEURS
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ETHNIC GROUP
ETHNIC GROUPS
ETHNIC MINORITIES
EXPLOITATION
EXTERNALITIES
FARM ENTERPRISE
FARMERS
FEMALE LABOR
FEMALE LABOR FORCE
FORMAL LABOR MARKET
HIGHER EDUCATION
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
HUMAN BEINGS
HUMAN CAPITAL
IMMIGRANT
IMMIGRANTS
IMMIGRATION
INCOME
INTERNATIONAL BANK
JOB SECURITY
JOBS
LABOR FORCE
LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES
LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
LABOR MARKETS
LABORERS
LABOUR
LABOUR MARKET
LACK OF ACCESS
LEVELS OF EDUCATION
MARITAL STATUS
MERCHANTS
MINORITY
MINORITY GROUPS
MOTIVATION
NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT
NON-FARM SECTOR
OCCUPATIONS
OWNERSHIP OF LAND
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POPULATION ASSOCIATION
POPULATION GROUPS
PREVIOUS WORK
PRIMARY EDUCATION
PRIVATE SECTOR
PRODUCTIVITY
PROGRESS
PROSTITUTES
PUBLIC EDUCATION
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS
PUBLIC SECTOR ­ JOBS
PUBLIC SERVICE
PUBLIC WORKS
REGULAR JOBS
RELIGIOUS GROUPS
RURAL AREAS
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
SALARIED EMPLOYMENT
SCHOLARSHIP
SECONDARY EDUCATION
SELF EMPLOYMENT
SELF- EMPLOYMENT
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
SMALL BUSINESSES
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL EXCLUSION
SOCIAL INEQUALITY
SOCIAL MOBILITY
SOCIAL NETWORKS
SOCIAL PRESSURE
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
SOCIAL STATUS
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
SOCIOLOGISTS
SPOUSE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
UNEMPLOYED
UNEMPLOYMENT
URBAN AREAS
VILLAGES
WAGE EMPLOYMENT
WAGES
WORKERS
Das, Maitreyi Bordia
Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves?
geographic_facet South Asia
India
relation Policy Research Working Paper No. 4653
description This paper uses data from the 61st Round of the National Sample Survey to understand the employment outcomes of Dalit and Muslim men in India. It uses a conceptual framework developed for the US labor market that states that ethnic minorities skirt discrimination in the primary labor market to build successful self-employed ventures in the form of ethnic enclaves or ethnic labor markets. The paper uses entry into self-employment for educated minority groups as a proxy for minority enclaves. Based on multinomial logistic regression, the analysis finds that the minority enclave hypothesis does not hold for Dalits but it does overwhelmingly for Muslims. The interaction of Dalit and Muslim status with post-primary education in urban areas demonstrates that post-primary education confers almost a disadvantage for minority men: it does not seem to affect their allocation either to salaried work or to non-farm self-employment but does increase their likelihood of opting out of the labor force - and if they cannot afford to drop out, they join the casual labor market. Due to the complexity of these results and the fact that there are no earnings data for self-employment, it is difficult to say whether self-employment is a choice or compulsion and whether builders of minority enclaves fare better than those in the primary market.
format Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author Das, Maitreyi Bordia
author_facet Das, Maitreyi Bordia
author_sort Das, Maitreyi Bordia
title Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves?
title_short Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves?
title_full Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves?
title_fullStr Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves?
title_full_unstemmed Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves?
title_sort minority status and labor market outcomes : does india have minority enclaves?
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2012
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9592751/minority-status-labor-market-outcomes-india-minority-enclaves
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6868
_version_ 1764401018551926784