Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves?
This paper uses data from the 61st Round of the National Sample Survey to understand the employment outcomes of Dalit and Muslim men in India. It uses a conceptual framework developed for the US labor market that states that ethnic minorities skir...
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2012
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Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9592751/minority-status-labor-market-outcomes-india-minority-enclaves http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6868 |
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okr-10986-68682021-04-23T14:02:32Z Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves? Das, Maitreyi Bordia ACCESS TO CAPITAL ACCESS TO INFORMATION AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT CARPENTERS CASUAL WORKERS CLERKS CREDIT MARKETS DISABLED DISCRIMINATION DOMESTIC WORKERS EARNINGS ECONOMICS EDUCATED MEN EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT INCREASE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ENTREPRENEURS ENTREPRENEURSHIP ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNIC MINORITIES EXPLOITATION EXTERNALITIES FARM ENTERPRISE FARMERS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FORMAL LABOR MARKET HIGHER EDUCATION HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN BEINGS HUMAN CAPITAL IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION INCOME INTERNATIONAL BANK JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABORERS LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LACK OF ACCESS LEVELS OF EDUCATION MARITAL STATUS MERCHANTS MINORITY MINORITY GROUPS MOTIVATION NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT NON-FARM SECTOR OCCUPATIONS OWNERSHIP OF LAND POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION ASSOCIATION POPULATION GROUPS PREVIOUS WORK PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROSTITUTES PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC WORKS REGULAR JOBS RELIGIOUS GROUPS RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SALARIED EMPLOYMENT SCHOLARSHIP SECONDARY EDUCATION SELF EMPLOYMENT SELF- EMPLOYMENT SELF-EMPLOYMENT SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INEQUALITY SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL PRESSURE SOCIAL PROBLEMS SOCIAL STATUS SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SOCIOLOGISTS SPOUSE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE GROWTH UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS VILLAGES WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGES WORKERS This paper uses data from the 61st Round of the National Sample Survey to understand the employment outcomes of Dalit and Muslim men in India. It uses a conceptual framework developed for the US labor market that states that ethnic minorities skirt discrimination in the primary labor market to build successful self-employed ventures in the form of ethnic enclaves or ethnic labor markets. The paper uses entry into self-employment for educated minority groups as a proxy for minority enclaves. Based on multinomial logistic regression, the analysis finds that the minority enclave hypothesis does not hold for Dalits but it does overwhelmingly for Muslims. The interaction of Dalit and Muslim status with post-primary education in urban areas demonstrates that post-primary education confers almost a disadvantage for minority men: it does not seem to affect their allocation either to salaried work or to non-farm self-employment but does increase their likelihood of opting out of the labor force - and if they cannot afford to drop out, they join the casual labor market. Due to the complexity of these results and the fact that there are no earnings data for self-employment, it is difficult to say whether self-employment is a choice or compulsion and whether builders of minority enclaves fare better than those in the primary market. 2012-06-01T16:02:26Z 2012-06-01T16:02:26Z 2008-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9592751/minority-status-labor-market-outcomes-india-minority-enclaves http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6868 English Policy Research Working Paper No. 4653 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India |
repository_type |
Digital Repository |
institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
institution |
Digital Repositories |
building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
collection |
World Bank |
language |
English |
topic |
ACCESS TO CAPITAL ACCESS TO INFORMATION AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT CARPENTERS CASUAL WORKERS CLERKS CREDIT MARKETS DISABLED DISCRIMINATION DOMESTIC WORKERS EARNINGS ECONOMICS EDUCATED MEN EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT INCREASE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ENTREPRENEURS ENTREPRENEURSHIP ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNIC MINORITIES EXPLOITATION EXTERNALITIES FARM ENTERPRISE FARMERS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FORMAL LABOR MARKET HIGHER EDUCATION HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN BEINGS HUMAN CAPITAL IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION INCOME INTERNATIONAL BANK JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABORERS LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LACK OF ACCESS LEVELS OF EDUCATION MARITAL STATUS MERCHANTS MINORITY MINORITY GROUPS MOTIVATION NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT NON-FARM SECTOR OCCUPATIONS OWNERSHIP OF LAND POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION ASSOCIATION POPULATION GROUPS PREVIOUS WORK PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROSTITUTES PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC WORKS REGULAR JOBS RELIGIOUS GROUPS RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SALARIED EMPLOYMENT SCHOLARSHIP SECONDARY EDUCATION SELF EMPLOYMENT SELF- EMPLOYMENT SELF-EMPLOYMENT SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INEQUALITY SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL PRESSURE SOCIAL PROBLEMS SOCIAL STATUS SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SOCIOLOGISTS SPOUSE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE GROWTH UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS VILLAGES WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGES WORKERS |
spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO CAPITAL ACCESS TO INFORMATION AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT CARPENTERS CASUAL WORKERS CLERKS CREDIT MARKETS DISABLED DISCRIMINATION DOMESTIC WORKERS EARNINGS ECONOMICS EDUCATED MEN EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT INCREASE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ENTREPRENEURS ENTREPRENEURSHIP ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNIC MINORITIES EXPLOITATION EXTERNALITIES FARM ENTERPRISE FARMERS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FORMAL LABOR MARKET HIGHER EDUCATION HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN BEINGS HUMAN CAPITAL IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION INCOME INTERNATIONAL BANK JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABORERS LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LACK OF ACCESS LEVELS OF EDUCATION MARITAL STATUS MERCHANTS MINORITY MINORITY GROUPS MOTIVATION NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT NON-FARM SECTOR OCCUPATIONS OWNERSHIP OF LAND POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION ASSOCIATION POPULATION GROUPS PREVIOUS WORK PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROSTITUTES PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC WORKS REGULAR JOBS RELIGIOUS GROUPS RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SALARIED EMPLOYMENT SCHOLARSHIP SECONDARY EDUCATION SELF EMPLOYMENT SELF- EMPLOYMENT SELF-EMPLOYMENT SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INEQUALITY SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL PRESSURE SOCIAL PROBLEMS SOCIAL STATUS SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SOCIOLOGISTS SPOUSE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE GROWTH UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS VILLAGES WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGES WORKERS Das, Maitreyi Bordia Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves? |
geographic_facet |
South Asia India |
relation |
Policy Research Working Paper No. 4653 |
description |
This paper uses data from the 61st Round
of the National Sample Survey to understand the employment
outcomes of Dalit and Muslim men in India. It uses a
conceptual framework developed for the US labor market that
states that ethnic minorities skirt discrimination in the
primary labor market to build successful self-employed
ventures in the form of ethnic enclaves or ethnic labor
markets. The paper uses entry into self-employment for
educated minority groups as a proxy for minority enclaves.
Based on multinomial logistic regression, the analysis finds
that the minority enclave hypothesis does not hold for
Dalits but it does overwhelmingly for Muslims. The
interaction of Dalit and Muslim status with post-primary
education in urban areas demonstrates that post-primary
education confers almost a disadvantage for minority men: it
does not seem to affect their allocation either to salaried
work or to non-farm self-employment but does increase their
likelihood of opting out of the labor force - and if they
cannot afford to drop out, they join the casual labor
market. Due to the complexity of these results and the fact
that there are no earnings data for self-employment, it is
difficult to say whether self-employment is a choice or
compulsion and whether builders of minority enclaves fare
better than those in the primary market. |
format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
author |
Das, Maitreyi Bordia |
author_facet |
Das, Maitreyi Bordia |
author_sort |
Das, Maitreyi Bordia |
title |
Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves? |
title_short |
Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves? |
title_full |
Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves? |
title_fullStr |
Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Minority Status and Labor Market Outcomes : Does India Have Minority Enclaves? |
title_sort |
minority status and labor market outcomes : does india have minority enclaves? |
publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9592751/minority-status-labor-market-outcomes-india-minority-enclaves http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6868 |
_version_ |
1764401018551926784 |