Spatial Specialization and Farm-Nonfarm Linkages

Using individual level employment data from Bangladesh, this paper presents empirical evidence on the relative importance of farm and urban linkages for rural nonfarm employment. The econometric results indicate that high return wage work and self-...

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Main Authors:	Deichmann, Uwe, Shilpi, Forhad, Vakis, Renos
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO MARKETS ACCESSIBILITY ACCOUNTING AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGE AIRPORT CASH CROPS CEREALS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CONGESTION COTTON CREDIT PROGRAMS CROP CROP PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIVERSIFICATION DIVISION OF LABOR ECOLOGICAL ZONES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXTERNALITIES FAO FARM FARM ACTIVITIES FARM ACTIVITY FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT FARM PRODUCTIVITY FARM PRODUCTS FARM SECTOR FARM WORK FARMING FOOD POLICY FRUITS GREEN REVOLUTION GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE HEMP HOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATA HOUSEHOLD SIZE INCOME INCOME GROWTH INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IRRIGATION JUTE LABOR COSTS LABOR MARKET LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND QUALITY LAND RESOURCES MOTIVATION NONFARM INCOME OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OCCUPATIONS POOR POOR INFRASTRUCTURE POPULATION DENSITY POVERTY REDUCTION PRODUCTION SIDE PRODUCTION WORKERS PULSES RICE RICE VARIETIES ROAD ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD NETWORK RURAL RURAL ACTIVITIES RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL ECONOMY RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME RURAL INCOME RURAL INEQUALITY RURAL LINKAGES RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY RURAL RESIDENTS RURAL ROAD RURAL ROADS RURAL STRATEGY RURAL TOWNS RURAL WAGES SELF EMPLOYED SELF-EMPLOYMENT SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUBSISTENCE SUGARCANE TARGETING TEA TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRAVEL SPEEDS TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRUE VEGETABLES VILLAGE LEVEL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE RATES WATER AVAILABILITY YIELDS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/04/9392416/spatial-specialization-farm-nonfarm-linkages http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6712

id	okr-10986-6712
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-67122021-04-23T14:02:31Z Spatial Specialization and Farm-Nonfarm Linkages Deichmann, Uwe Shilpi, Forhad Vakis, Renos ACCESS TO MARKETS ACCESSIBILITY ACCOUNTING AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGE AIRPORT CASH CROPS CEREALS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CONGESTION COTTON CREDIT PROGRAMS CROP CROP PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIVERSIFICATION DIVISION OF LABOR ECOLOGICAL ZONES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXTERNALITIES FAO FARM FARM ACTIVITIES FARM ACTIVITY FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT FARM PRODUCTIVITY FARM PRODUCTS FARM SECTOR FARM WORK FARMING FOOD POLICY FRUITS GREEN REVOLUTION GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE HEMP HOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATA HOUSEHOLD SIZE INCOME INCOME GROWTH INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IRRIGATION JUTE LABOR COSTS LABOR MARKET LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND QUALITY LAND RESOURCES MOTIVATION NONFARM INCOME OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OCCUPATIONS POOR POOR INFRASTRUCTURE POPULATION DENSITY POVERTY REDUCTION PRODUCTION SIDE PRODUCTION WORKERS PULSES RICE RICE VARIETIES ROAD ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD NETWORK RURAL RURAL ACTIVITIES RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL ECONOMY RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME RURAL INCOME RURAL INEQUALITY RURAL LINKAGES RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY RURAL RESIDENTS RURAL ROAD RURAL ROADS RURAL STRATEGY RURAL TOWNS RURAL WAGES SELF EMPLOYED SELF-EMPLOYMENT SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUBSISTENCE SUGARCANE TARGETING TEA TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRAVEL SPEEDS TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRUE VEGETABLES VILLAGE LEVEL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE RATES WATER AVAILABILITY YIELDS Using individual level employment data from Bangladesh, this paper presents empirical evidence on the relative importance of farm and urban linkages for rural nonfarm employment. The econometric results indicate that high return wage work and self-employment in nonfarm activities cluster around major urban centers. The negative effects of isolation on high return wage work and on self-employment are magnified in locations with higher agricultural potential. The low return nonfarm activities respond primarily to local demand displaying no significant spatial variation. The empirical results highlight the need for improved connectivity of regions with higher agricultural potential to urban centers for nonfarm development in Bangladesh. 2012-05-30T21:13:36Z 2012-05-30T21:13:36Z 2008-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/04/9392416/spatial-specialization-farm-nonfarm-linkages http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6712 English Policy Research Working Paper No. 4611 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia Bangladesh
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCESS TO MARKETS ACCESSIBILITY ACCOUNTING AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGE AIRPORT CASH CROPS CEREALS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CONGESTION COTTON CREDIT PROGRAMS CROP CROP PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIVERSIFICATION DIVISION OF LABOR ECOLOGICAL ZONES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXTERNALITIES FAO FARM FARM ACTIVITIES FARM ACTIVITY FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT FARM PRODUCTIVITY FARM PRODUCTS FARM SECTOR FARM WORK FARMING FOOD POLICY FRUITS GREEN REVOLUTION GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE HEMP HOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATA HOUSEHOLD SIZE INCOME INCOME GROWTH INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IRRIGATION JUTE LABOR COSTS LABOR MARKET LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND QUALITY LAND RESOURCES MOTIVATION NONFARM INCOME OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OCCUPATIONS POOR POOR INFRASTRUCTURE POPULATION DENSITY POVERTY REDUCTION PRODUCTION SIDE PRODUCTION WORKERS PULSES RICE RICE VARIETIES ROAD ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD NETWORK RURAL RURAL ACTIVITIES RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL ECONOMY RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME RURAL INCOME RURAL INEQUALITY RURAL LINKAGES RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY RURAL RESIDENTS RURAL ROAD RURAL ROADS RURAL STRATEGY RURAL TOWNS RURAL WAGES SELF EMPLOYED SELF-EMPLOYMENT SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUBSISTENCE SUGARCANE TARGETING TEA TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRAVEL SPEEDS TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRUE VEGETABLES VILLAGE LEVEL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE RATES WATER AVAILABILITY YIELDS
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO MARKETS ACCESSIBILITY ACCOUNTING AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGE AIRPORT CASH CROPS CEREALS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CONGESTION COTTON CREDIT PROGRAMS CROP CROP PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIVERSIFICATION DIVISION OF LABOR ECOLOGICAL ZONES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXTERNALITIES FAO FARM FARM ACTIVITIES FARM ACTIVITY FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT FARM PRODUCTIVITY FARM PRODUCTS FARM SECTOR FARM WORK FARMING FOOD POLICY FRUITS GREEN REVOLUTION GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE HEMP HOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATA HOUSEHOLD SIZE INCOME INCOME GROWTH INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IRRIGATION JUTE LABOR COSTS LABOR MARKET LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND QUALITY LAND RESOURCES MOTIVATION NONFARM INCOME OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OCCUPATIONS POOR POOR INFRASTRUCTURE POPULATION DENSITY POVERTY REDUCTION PRODUCTION SIDE PRODUCTION WORKERS PULSES RICE RICE VARIETIES ROAD ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD NETWORK RURAL RURAL ACTIVITIES RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL ECONOMY RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME RURAL INCOME RURAL INEQUALITY RURAL LINKAGES RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY RURAL RESIDENTS RURAL ROAD RURAL ROADS RURAL STRATEGY RURAL TOWNS RURAL WAGES SELF EMPLOYED SELF-EMPLOYMENT SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUBSISTENCE SUGARCANE TARGETING TEA TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRAVEL SPEEDS TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRUE VEGETABLES VILLAGE LEVEL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE RATES WATER AVAILABILITY YIELDS Deichmann, Uwe Shilpi, Forhad Vakis, Renos Spatial Specialization and Farm-Nonfarm Linkages
geographic_facet	South Asia Bangladesh
relation	Policy Research Working Paper No. 4611
description	Using individual level employment data from Bangladesh, this paper presents empirical evidence on the relative importance of farm and urban linkages for rural nonfarm employment. The econometric results indicate that high return wage work and self-employment in nonfarm activities cluster around major urban centers. The negative effects of isolation on high return wage work and on self-employment are magnified in locations with higher agricultural potential. The low return nonfarm activities respond primarily to local demand displaying no significant spatial variation. The empirical results highlight the need for improved connectivity of regions with higher agricultural potential to urban centers for nonfarm development in Bangladesh.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Deichmann, Uwe Shilpi, Forhad Vakis, Renos
author_facet	Deichmann, Uwe Shilpi, Forhad Vakis, Renos
author_sort	Deichmann, Uwe
title	Spatial Specialization and Farm-Nonfarm Linkages
title_short	Spatial Specialization and Farm-Nonfarm Linkages
title_full	Spatial Specialization and Farm-Nonfarm Linkages
title_fullStr	Spatial Specialization and Farm-Nonfarm Linkages
title_full_unstemmed	Spatial Specialization and Farm-Nonfarm Linkages
title_sort	spatial specialization and farm-nonfarm linkages
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/04/9392416/spatial-specialization-farm-nonfarm-linkages http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6712
_version_	1764400731064893440

Spatial Specialization and Farm-Nonfarm Linkages

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