The Effectiveness of Policies to Control a Human Influenza Pandemic : A Literature Review

The studies reviewed in this paper indicate that with adequate preparedness planning and execution it is possible to contain pandemic influenza outbreaks where they occur, for viral strains of moderate infectiousness. For viral strains of higher in...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Dutta, Arin
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME AGE DISTRIBUTION AGE GROUPS AGED AIR TRAVEL ANTIBODIES ANTIGENS ANTIVIRAL ANTIVIRAL DRUGS ANTIVIRAL STOCKPILE ANTIVIRAL STOCKPILES ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT ANTIVIRAL USE ANTIVIRALS AVIAN INFLUENZA AVIAN INFLUENZA A VIRUS AVIAN ORIGINS AVIAN VIRUS BORDER CONTROL BORDER CONTROLS BUFFER BUFFER ZONE CITIZENS CLINICAL DISEASE CLINICAL SIGNS CLOSE CONTACT CLOSE CONTACTS COMMUNICABLE DISEASE COMPLICATIONS CONTAINMENT CONTAINMENT POLICIES CONTROL MEASURES COUGHS DEATH RATE DEATHS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIRECT CONTACT DISEASE CONTROL DISEASE OUTBREAK DISEASE PREVENTION DISINFECTION DRUG ADMINISTRATION DRUG RESISTANCE EFFICACY OF VACCINATION EFFICACY OF VACCINES ELDERLY EPIDEMIC EPIDEMIC SITUATIONS EXCESS MORTALITY FACE MASKS FLIGHTS GENES GLOBAL INFLUENZA GLOBAL OUTBREAK GLOBAL PANDEMIC H5N1 H5N1 SUBTYPE H5N1 VIRUS HEADACHE HEALTH AUTHORITIES HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICIES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH SYSTEMS HEALTHCARE WORKERS HEMAGGLUTININ HIGH FEVER HIGH RISK GROUPS HIGH VIRUS LOAD HOSPITALIZATION HOSPITALIZATIONS HOST HUMAN CASES HUMAN INFLUENZA HUMAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES HUMAN PANDEMIC HUMAN TRANSMISSION ILLNESS ILLNESSES IMMUNE RESPONSE IMMUNE SYSTEM IMMUNE SYSTEMS IMMUNITY IMMUNIZATION INCUBATION PERIOD INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS INFECTIONS INFECTIOUS DISEASE INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAKS INFECTIOUS DISEASES INFLUENZA A INFLUENZA A VIRUSES INFLUENZA B INFLUENZA EPIDEMIOLOGY INFLUENZA INFECTION INFLUENZA OUTBREAK INFLUENZA OUTBREAKS INFLUENZA PANDEMIC INFLUENZA PANDEMICS INFLUENZA TRANSMISSION INFLUENZA VIRUS INFLUENZA VIRUS STRAINS INFLUENZA VIRUSES INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERVENTION ISOLATION LABORATORY LARGE POPULATION MASKS MORBIDITY MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY MORTALITY RATE MOVEMENT RESTRICTION MOVEMENT RESTRICTIONS MUTATION MUTATIONS NATIONAL STRATEGIES NEURAMINIDASE NUMBER OF PEOPLE OLDER PEOPLE ONSET OF SYMPTOMS OUTBREAK OUTBREAK CONTAINMENT OUTBREAK CONTROL OUTBREAKS OF AVIAN INFLUENZA PANDEMIC ALERT PANDEMIC FLU PANDEMIC INFLUENZA PANDEMIC INFLUENZA PREPAREDNESS PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS PANDEMIC STRAIN PANDEMIC VACCINE PANDEMIC VACCINES PANDEMIC VIRUS PATIENTS PERSONAL HYGIENE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PHARMACEUTICALS POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY DECISIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION GROUPS POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS PRACTITIONERS PREGNANT WOMEN PREPAREDNESS PLANNING PREVALENCE PREVENTION STRATEGY PROGRESS PROPHYLAXIS PROTEIN PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY QUARANTINE QUARANTINED QUARANTINES QUARANTINING RESISTANCE TO INFECTION RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPIRATORS RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS RISK GROUPS RISK OF INFECTION RISK OF TRANSMISSION RISK REDUCTION RURAL AREAS SCHOOL CHILDREN SCREENING SEASONAL EPIDEMICS SEASONAL INFLUENZA SMALLPOX STD STRAIN STRAINS SUBTYPE SURGICAL MASKS SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION SYMPTOM SYMPTOMATIC DISEASE SYMPTOMS THERAPY TRANSMISSIBILITY TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS TRAVELERS UNINFECTED PERSON URBAN AREAS VACCINATION VACCINATION POLICIES VACCINATION POLICY VACCINATION PROGRAM VACCINE VACCINE ADVISORY COMMITTEE VACCINE DEVELOPMENT VACCINE EFFICACY VACCINE POLICIES VACCINE POLICY VACCINE PRODUCTION VACCINE PRODUCTION CAPACITY VIRUS VIRUS SHEDDING VIRUS STRAIN VIRUS STRAINS WORKPLACE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WORLD POPULATION YOUNG ADULTS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9024861/effectiveness-policies-control-human-influenza-pandemic-literature-review http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6397

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Summary:	The studies reviewed in this paper indicate that with adequate preparedness planning and execution it is possible to contain pandemic influenza outbreaks where they occur, for viral strains of moderate infectiousness. For viral strains of higher infectiousness, containment may be difficult, but it may be possible to mitigate the effects of the spread of pandemic influenza within a country and/or internationally with a combination of policies suited to the origins and nature of the initial outbreak. These results indicate the likelihood of containment success in 'frontline risk' countries, given specific resource availability and level of infectiousness; as well as mitigation success in 'secondary' risk countries, given the assumption of inevitable international transmission through air travel networks. However, from the analysis of the modeling results on interventions in the U.S. and U.K. after a global pandemic starts, there is a basis for arguing that the emphasis in the secondary risk countries could shift from mitigation towards containment. This follows since a mitigation-focused strategy in such developed countries presupposes that initial outbreak containment in these countries will necessarily fail. This is paradoxical if containment success at similar infectiousness of the virus is likely in developing countries with lower public health resources, based on results using similar modeling methodologies. Such a shift in emphasis could have major implications for global risk management for diseases of international concern such as pandemic influenza or a SARS-like disease.

The Effectiveness of Policies to Control a Human Influenza Pandemic : A Literature Review

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