Progress in Participation in Tertiary Education in India from 1983 to 2004

Using nationally representative household surveys, this paper examines the trends in attainment, enrollment, and access to tertiary (higher) education in India from 1983 to 2005. The findings suggest that there has been considerable progress in att...

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Main Authors:	Azam, Mehtabul, Blom, Andreas
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION ACCESS TO TERTIARY EDUCATION AGE COHORT AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS COLLEGES COMPETITION FOR ENTRY COMPLETION RATE COMPLETION RATES DEGREE COURSES DEGREES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DISCIPLINES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STUDENTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS EDUCATIONAL STATUS ELEMENTARY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT ENGINEERING EDUCATION ENROLLMENT GAP ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLLMENT RATIO EQUAL ACCESS EQUITABLE TERTIARY EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT RATIO FEMALE STUDENTS GENDER GAP GER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION ACCESS HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM HIGHER ENROLLMENT HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME LEVELS INTERVENTIONS INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET DEMAND LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LOW ENROLLMENT LOW-INCOME STUDENTS NEGATIVE IMPACT NER NET ENROLLMENT NET ENROLLMENT RATIO PAPERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE TERTIARY EDUCATION PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS QUALIFIED STUDENTS RURAL AREAS RURAL SCHOOLS RURAL STUDENTS RURAL WOMEN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY LEVEL SOCIAL GROUPS STUDENT BODY STUDENT FINANCIAL AID STUDENT POPULATION TECHNICAL EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTION TERTIARY EDUCATION SYSTEM TERTIARY ENROLLMENT TUITION TUITION FEES UNEQUAL REPRESENTATION UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT UNIVERSITIES URBAN AREAS WORKERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/12/10088005/progress-participation-tertiary-education-india-1983-2004 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6292

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recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-62922021-04-23T14:02:30Z Progress in Participation in Tertiary Education in India from 1983 to 2004 Azam, Mehtabul Blom, Andreas ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION ACCESS TO TERTIARY EDUCATION AGE COHORT AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS COLLEGES COMPETITION FOR ENTRY COMPLETION RATE COMPLETION RATES DEGREE COURSES DEGREES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DISCIPLINES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STUDENTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS EDUCATIONAL STATUS ELEMENTARY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT ENGINEERING EDUCATION ENROLLMENT GAP ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLLMENT RATIO EQUAL ACCESS EQUITABLE TERTIARY EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT RATIO FEMALE STUDENTS GENDER GAP GER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION ACCESS HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM HIGHER ENROLLMENT HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME LEVELS INTERVENTIONS INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET DEMAND LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LOW ENROLLMENT LOW-INCOME STUDENTS NEGATIVE IMPACT NER NET ENROLLMENT NET ENROLLMENT RATIO PAPERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE TERTIARY EDUCATION PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS QUALIFIED STUDENTS RURAL AREAS RURAL SCHOOLS RURAL STUDENTS RURAL WOMEN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY LEVEL SOCIAL GROUPS STUDENT BODY STUDENT FINANCIAL AID STUDENT POPULATION TECHNICAL EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTION TERTIARY EDUCATION SYSTEM TERTIARY ENROLLMENT TUITION TUITION FEES UNEQUAL REPRESENTATION UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT UNIVERSITIES URBAN AREAS WORKERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH Using nationally representative household surveys, this paper examines the trends in attainment, enrollment, and access to tertiary (higher) education in India from 1983 to 2005. The findings suggest that there has been considerable progress in attainment and participation; however, they remain low. Important gaps exist in enrollment between rich and poor, rural and urban areas, men and women, disadvantaged groups and the general population, and states. Analysis of transition rates from secondary education to tertiary education and regression analysis indicate that inequality in tertiary education between disadvantaged groups and the general population is explained by low completion rates of secondary education. Inequality in tertiary education related to income, gender, rural residence, and between states is explained by: (i) differences in completion rates of secondary education, and (ii) differences in the probability of transitioning from secondary education to tertiary education. In particular, the importance of household income has grown markedly. Equitable expansion of secondary education is therefore critical for improving the equity of tertiary education. There is also a need to help qualified youth from low-income families and rural backgrounds to attend tertiary education, in particular the technical and engineering streams, in which participation is lower. 2012-05-21T21:40:51Z 2012-05-21T21:40:51Z 2008-12 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/12/10088005/progress-participation-tertiary-education-india-1983-2004 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6292 English Policy Research Working Paper; no. WPS 4793 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION ACCESS TO TERTIARY EDUCATION AGE COHORT AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS COLLEGES COMPETITION FOR ENTRY COMPLETION RATE COMPLETION RATES DEGREE COURSES DEGREES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DISCIPLINES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STUDENTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS EDUCATIONAL STATUS ELEMENTARY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT ENGINEERING EDUCATION ENROLLMENT GAP ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLLMENT RATIO EQUAL ACCESS EQUITABLE TERTIARY EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT RATIO FEMALE STUDENTS GENDER GAP GER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION ACCESS HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM HIGHER ENROLLMENT HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME LEVELS INTERVENTIONS INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET DEMAND LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LOW ENROLLMENT LOW-INCOME STUDENTS NEGATIVE IMPACT NER NET ENROLLMENT NET ENROLLMENT RATIO PAPERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE TERTIARY EDUCATION PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS QUALIFIED STUDENTS RURAL AREAS RURAL SCHOOLS RURAL STUDENTS RURAL WOMEN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY LEVEL SOCIAL GROUPS STUDENT BODY STUDENT FINANCIAL AID STUDENT POPULATION TECHNICAL EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTION TERTIARY EDUCATION SYSTEM TERTIARY ENROLLMENT TUITION TUITION FEES UNEQUAL REPRESENTATION UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT UNIVERSITIES URBAN AREAS WORKERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION ACCESS TO TERTIARY EDUCATION AGE COHORT AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS COLLEGES COMPETITION FOR ENTRY COMPLETION RATE COMPLETION RATES DEGREE COURSES DEGREES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DISCIPLINES ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STUDENTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS EDUCATIONAL STATUS ELEMENTARY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT ENGINEERING EDUCATION ENROLLMENT GAP ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLLMENT RATIO EQUAL ACCESS EQUITABLE TERTIARY EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT RATIO FEMALE STUDENTS GENDER GAP GER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION ACCESS HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM HIGHER ENROLLMENT HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME LEVELS INTERVENTIONS INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET DEMAND LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LOW ENROLLMENT LOW-INCOME STUDENTS NEGATIVE IMPACT NER NET ENROLLMENT NET ENROLLMENT RATIO PAPERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE TERTIARY EDUCATION PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS QUALIFIED STUDENTS RURAL AREAS RURAL SCHOOLS RURAL STUDENTS RURAL WOMEN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY LEVEL SOCIAL GROUPS STUDENT BODY STUDENT FINANCIAL AID STUDENT POPULATION TECHNICAL EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTION TERTIARY EDUCATION SYSTEM TERTIARY ENROLLMENT TUITION TUITION FEES UNEQUAL REPRESENTATION UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT UNIVERSITIES URBAN AREAS WORKERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH Azam, Mehtabul Blom, Andreas Progress in Participation in Tertiary Education in India from 1983 to 2004
geographic_facet	South Asia India
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; no. WPS 4793
description	Using nationally representative household surveys, this paper examines the trends in attainment, enrollment, and access to tertiary (higher) education in India from 1983 to 2005. The findings suggest that there has been considerable progress in attainment and participation; however, they remain low. Important gaps exist in enrollment between rich and poor, rural and urban areas, men and women, disadvantaged groups and the general population, and states. Analysis of transition rates from secondary education to tertiary education and regression analysis indicate that inequality in tertiary education between disadvantaged groups and the general population is explained by low completion rates of secondary education. Inequality in tertiary education related to income, gender, rural residence, and between states is explained by: (i) differences in completion rates of secondary education, and (ii) differences in the probability of transitioning from secondary education to tertiary education. In particular, the importance of household income has grown markedly. Equitable expansion of secondary education is therefore critical for improving the equity of tertiary education. There is also a need to help qualified youth from low-income families and rural backgrounds to attend tertiary education, in particular the technical and engineering streams, in which participation is lower.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Azam, Mehtabul Blom, Andreas
author_facet	Azam, Mehtabul Blom, Andreas
author_sort	Azam, Mehtabul
title	Progress in Participation in Tertiary Education in India from 1983 to 2004
title_short	Progress in Participation in Tertiary Education in India from 1983 to 2004
title_full	Progress in Participation in Tertiary Education in India from 1983 to 2004
title_fullStr	Progress in Participation in Tertiary Education in India from 1983 to 2004
title_full_unstemmed	Progress in Participation in Tertiary Education in India from 1983 to 2004
title_sort	progress in participation in tertiary education in india from 1983 to 2004
publisher	Washington, DC: World Bank
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/12/10088005/progress-participation-tertiary-education-india-1983-2004 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6292
_version_	1764399803622490112

Progress in Participation in Tertiary Education in India from 1983 to 2004

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