Density and Disasters : Economics of Urban Hazard Risk

Today, 370 million people live in cities in earthquake prone areas and 310 million in cities with high probability of tropical cyclones. By 2050, these numbers are likely to more than double. Mortality risk therefore is highly concentrated in many...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Lall, Somik V., Deichmann, Uwe
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ALLIANCES APARTMENT APARTMENT BUILDINGS AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY BANKS BARGAINING BUILDING CODE BUILDING CODES CAPITALIZATION CITY SIZE CIVIL WAR CLIMATE CHANGE COLLATERALIZATION COLLECTIVE ACTION CONSTRUCTION COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES DAMAGES DEBT DEFORESTATION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISASTER DISASTER EVENTS DISASTER MITIGATION DISASTER REDUCTION DISASTER RISK DISASTER RISK REDUCTION DISASTERS DISCOUNT RATES DROUGHT DWELLING DWELLING UNITS EARLY WARNING EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKES ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC VALUE ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EMPLOYMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ENVIRONMENTS EQUILIBRIUM ERUPTIONS EXTERNALITIES FATALITIES FAULT LINE FAULT LINES FINANCIAL RESOURCES FIRE FIRE FIGHTING FLOOD FLOOD CONTROL FLOOD DAMAGE FLOOD INSURANCE FLOODING FLOODS GARBAGE COLLECTION GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION HAZARD MANAGEMENT HAZARD MAP HAZARDOUS AREAS HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS HEALTH SERVICES HOUSING HOUSING CONDITIONS HOUSING MARKET HOUSING MARKETS HOUSING PRICES HOUSING SUPPLY HUMAN SETTLEMENTS HURRICANE INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME TAXES INFORMATION ECONOMICS INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE INNOVATION INSURANCE INSURANCE PREMIUMS INSURER LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAND DEVELOPMENT LAND ECONOMICS LAND MARKET LAND PRICES LAND RECLAMATION LAND SUPPLY LAND USE LAND USE PLANNING LAND USE REGULATIONS LAND USE RESTRICTIONS LANDLORD LANDSLIDE LANDSLIDES LARGE CITIES LAWS LEGISLATION LIGHTING LOCAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURES LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT BORROWING LOCAL GOVERNMENTS MANDATES MARKET DISTORTIONS MARKET MECHANISM METROPOLITAN CITIES MIGRATION MONITORING TECHNOLOGY MORAL HAZARD MORTALITY MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT MUNICIPALITIES NATURAL DISASTER NATURAL DISASTERS NATURAL HAZARD NATURAL HAZARDS NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES OIL OIL SPILLS PENALTIES POLITICAL ECONOMY POLLUTION POLLUTION CONCENTRATION POPULATION GROWTH PRESENT VALUE PRICE DIFFERENCES PRIVATE ASSETS PRIVATE INSURANCE PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS PROPERTY TAXES PROPERTY VALUES PUBLIC AGENCIES PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC POLICY REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE TAXES RENT CONTROLS RENTS RESETTLEMENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS RESPONSE TO DISASTER RISK ANALYSIS RISK MANAGEMENT RISK REDUCTION EFFORTS RURAL AREAS RURAL POPULATION SAFETY SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE SKILLED WORKERS SLUM SLUMS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL COSTS SPATIAL PATTERNS SQUATTERS STORM STORMS SUPPLIERS TAXATION TOWNS TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPORT TROPICAL CYCLONES URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ECONOMY URBAN GROWTH URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN LAND URBAN PLANNING URBAN POPULATION URBAN PUBLIC FINANCE URBAN PUBLIC SERVICES URBAN SERVICES URBANIZATION USER CHARGES VOLCANO VOLCANOES WAGE RATES WAGES WELFARE GAINS WETLANDS ZONING
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091229205549 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4348

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Summary:	Today, 370 million people live in cities in earthquake prone areas and 310 million in cities with high probability of tropical cyclones. By 2050, these numbers are likely to more than double. Mortality risk therefore is highly concentrated in many of the world s cities and economic risk even more so. This paper discusses what sets hazard risk in urban areas apart, provides estimates of valuation of hazard risk, and discusses implications for individual mitigation and public policy. The main conclusions are that urban agglomeration economies change the cost-benefit calculation of hazard mitigation, that good hazard management is first and foremost good general urban management, and that the public sector must perform better in generating and disseminating credible information on hazard risk in cities.

Density and Disasters : Economics of Urban Hazard Risk

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