Has India’s Economic Growth Become More Pro-Poor in the Wake of Economic Reforms?

Has India’s Economic Growth Become More Pro-Poor in the Wake of Economic Reforms?

The extent to which India's poor have benefited from the country s economic growth has long been debated. This paper revisits the issues using a new series of consumption-based poverty measures spanning 50 years, and including a 15-year period...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Datt, Gaurav, Ravallion, Martin
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE TERMS ABSOLUTE VALUE AGGREGATE GROWTH AGGREGATE POVERTY AGRICULTURAL CHANGE AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL LABORERS AGRICULTURAL PERFORMANCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGES ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL RATE AVERAGE LEVEL CALORIES PER PERSON CALORIES PER PERSON PER DAY CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMON PROPERTY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARISON GROUP CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING DATA SET DECLINE IN POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES DETERMINING POVERTY REDUCTION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DISTRIBUTIONAL DATA DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS DIVERSIFICATION DOWNWARD BIAS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMICS EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE ERROR TERM ESTIMATES OF POVERTY EXTERNAL TRADE EXTREME POVERTY FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FACTOR PRICES FARM GROWTH FARM PRODUCTIVITY FARM SECTOR FIREWOOD FOOD COMPONENTS FOOD ITEMS FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD SHARE GINI INDEX GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL POVERTY GROWTH EFFECT GROWTH ELASTICITY GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HETEROSKEDASTICITY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD LIVING STANDARDS HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON POVERTY INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOMES INDEPENDENT VARIABLE INDUSTRIAL POLICY INEQUALITY INTERNATIONAL TRADE LOG GINI MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN INCOME MEASURED INEQUALITY MEASUREMENT ERRORS MEASURING POVERTY NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL POVERTY 0 HYPOTHESIS PAYMENTS CRISIS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION GROWTH PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY CIRCLES POLICY DEBATE POLICY ENVIRONMENT POLICY ISSUES POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR LIVING POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION SHARE POST-REFORM POVERTY POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY DATA POVERTY DEBATE POVERTY DECLINE POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY IMPACT OF GROWTH POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRIVATE SECTOR PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PRODUCT PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH QUALITY GROWTH REAL WAGES REDUCED INEQUALITY REGIONAL GROWTH RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RISING INEQUALITY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL CONSUMER RURAL ECONOMIC GROWTH RURAL ECONOMY RURAL GROWTH RURAL HEADCOUNT RURAL HEADCOUNT INDEX RURAL INEQUALITY RURAL LIVING STANDARDS RURAL POOR RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY RURAL POVERTY LINE RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION RURAL PRICES RURAL SECTOR RURAL SECTORS SCHOOLING SECTORAL COMPOSITION SERIAL CORRELATION SERIES DATA SHORT SERIES SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SQUARED POVERTY GAP SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX STANDARD DEVIATION STRUCTURAL BREAK TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE OPENNESS TRANSFERS UNSKILLED LABOR URBAN AREAS URBAN GROWTH URBAN POOR URBAN POVERTY
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091111080405 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4314

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Summary:	The extent to which India's poor have benefited from the country s economic growth has long been debated. This paper revisits the issues using a new series of consumption-based poverty measures spanning 50 years, and including a 15-year period after economic reforms began in earnest in the early 1990s. Growth has tended to reduce poverty, including in the post-reform period. There is no robust evidence that the responsiveness of poverty to growth has increased, or decreased, since the reforms began, although there are signs of rising inequality. The impact of growth is higher for poverty measures that reflect distribution below the poverty line, and it is higher using growth rates calculated from household surveys than national accounts. The urban-rural pattern of growth matters to the pace of poverty reduction. However, in marked contrast to the pre-reform period, the post-reform process of urban economic growth has brought significant gains to the rural poor as well as the urban poor.

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