Impacts of Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion and Emissions from Urban Transportation : The Case of São Paulo, Brazil

This study examines impacts on net social benefits or economic welfare of alternative policy instruments for reducing traffic congestion and atmospheric emissions in São Paulo, Brazil. The study shows that expanding road networks, subsidizing publi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Anas, Alex, Timilsina, Govinda R.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	AGGREGATE EMISSIONS AGGREGATES AIR ANTI-SPRAWL ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS AUTO TRAVEL AUTO TRIPS AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILE FUEL AUTOMOBILES AVERAGE TRAVEL TIME AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH BICYCLES BICYCLING BUS BUS TRAVEL BUS TRIPS BUSES CALCULATION CALIBRATION CAR CAR FUEL CAR MODES CAR ON AVERAGE CAR TRAVEL CAR TRIPS CAR USERS CARBON CARBON EMISSIONS CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CO2 COMBUSTION COMMUTERS COMMUTING CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGING CONGESTION CHARGING SCHEME CONGESTION DELAY CONGESTION EXTERNALITIES CONGESTION MITIGATION CONGESTION PRICING CONGESTION TOLLS CONVERGENCE COST OF FUEL COST OF TRAVEL COST PER TRIP CROSS ELASTICITY CYCLISTS DEMAND ELASTICITIES DEMAND FOR CAR OWNERSHIP DEMAND FOR TRAVEL DIESEL DIESEL COMBUSTION DIVERGENCE DRIVING ECONOMIC WELFARE ECONOMIES OF SCALE EFFECT OF CONGESTION ELASTICITIES ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF CAR DEMAND ELECTRIC CARS EMISSION EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIAL EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS ENERGY DATA ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES EQUATIONS EXCESS FUEL CONSUMPTION EXCISE TAX EXTREME VALUES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL COST FUEL COSTS FUEL ECONOMY FUEL ECONOMY OF CARS FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EXTERNALITIES FUEL PRICE FUEL TAX FUEL TAX RATES FUEL TAXES FUEL USE GAS GAS CONSUMPTION GASOHOL GASOLINE GASOLINE CONSUMPTION HIGH SPEEDS HIGHWAY HIGHWAY CAPACITY HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS HIGHWAY INVESTMENT HIGHWAY NETWORK HIGHWAYS IMPACT OF CONGESTION INCOME JOBS LAND USE LOCAL AIR QUALITY LONGER DISTANCES LOWER EMISSIONS MARGINAL UTILITY MOBILITY MODAL SHARES MODES OF TRAVEL MONETARY COST MONETARY COSTS MOTORIZED TRANSPORT NITROGEN NITROGEN OXIDES OZONE OZONE PRECURSORS PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PASSENGER POLLUTION PRESENT VALUE PRICE OF GASOLINE PRIVATE VEHICLE PUBLIC ROADS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS PUBLIC TRANSPORT RAIL RAIL MASS TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS RAPID INCREASE IN CAR OWNERSHIP RATE OF SUBSTITUTION RENEWABLE ENERGY REVENUE NEUTRAL ROAD ROAD CAPACITY ROAD CAPACITY EXPANSION ROAD CONGESTION ROAD EXPANSION ROAD IMPROVEMENTS ROAD INVESTMENT ROAD NETWORKS ROUND TRIP SPEEDS SPRAWL SPRAWL POLICIES SPREADING SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT TAX TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TOLL TOTAL EMISSIONS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRAFFIC EXTERNALITIES TRAFFIC SPEED TRANSIT CAPACITY TRANSIT FARES TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS TRANSIT RIDERS TRANSIT TRAVEL TRANSIT TRIP TRANSIT TRIPS TRANSIT USERS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT EXTERNALITIES TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVEL BY CAR TRAVEL SPEED TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRAVELERS TRIP TRIP BY CAR TRIP DISTANCE TRIP TIME TRIPS TRIPS BY CAR TRIPS BY MODE TRIPS PER DAY TRUCKS TUNNELS URBAN AREAS URBAN PLANNING URBAN TRANSPORTATION UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE OF TIME VEHICLE EFFICIENCY VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE OCCUPANCIES VEHICLE SPEED VEHICLE TRAFFIC VEHICLE-KILOMETERS VEHICLES VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WALKERS WALKING
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091027112258 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4291