Why Have CO2 Emissions Increased in the Transport Sector in Asia? Underlying Factors and Policy Options
Rapidly increasing emissions of carbon dioxide from the transport sector, particularly in urban areas, is a major challenge to sustainable development in developing countries. This study analyzes the factors responsible for transport sector CO2 emi...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091027103858 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4290 |
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okr-10986-4290 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR QUALITY AIR TRANSPORT ALTERNATIVE FUEL ALTERNATIVE FUELS ANNUAL EMISSIONS APPROACH AUTOMOBILES AUTOMOTIVE FUEL AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY AVIATION FUEL AVIATION GASOLINE BIKES BIO-FUELS BUS BUS LANES BUS SERVICES BUS SYSTEMS BUSES CAR CAR MANUFACTURERS CAR OWNERSHIP CARBON CARBON CONTENT CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION CARBON EMISSION CARBON EMISSION INTENSITY CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON INTENSITY CARS CLEAN AIR CLEAN ENERGY CLEAN FUELS CLEANER FUELS CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CO CO2 COAL COMBUSTION COMMERCIAL VEHICLES COMMUTERS CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGES CONGESTION PRICING CONGESTION REDUCTION CRUDE OIL DECOMPOSITION METHOD DIESEL DIESEL OIL DOMESTIC AIR TRANSPORT DOMESTIC AVIATION DRIVERS DRIVING EFFICIENT VEHICLE ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY GENERATION MIX ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION EMISSION EMISSION CHANGE EMISSION COEFFICIENTS EMISSION FACTORS EMISSION GROWTH EMISSION INTENSITY EMISSION STANDARDS EMISSION TRENDS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS FROM FREIGHT TRANSPORT EMISSIONS FROM FUEL EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTATION EMISSIONS GROWTH ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY MIX ENERGY OUTLOOK ENERGY POLICY ENERGY SHORTAGES ENERGY SOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS ETHANOL EXCISE TAX EXCISE TAXES FLEETS FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION FOSSIL FUELS FREIGHT FREIGHT TRAFFIC FREIGHT TRANSPORT FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL DEMAND FUEL ECONOMY FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EFFICIENCY STANDARDS FUEL MARKET FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES FUEL SUBSTITUTION FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TYPE FUEL USE FUELS GASOLINE GASOLINE PRICES GHG GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION GREENHOUSE GASES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEAVY FUEL OIL HIGHWAY HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL HYDRO-POWER INCOME TAX INDUSTRIAL CO2 EMISSIONS INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS INTERNATIONAL AVIATION IPCC KEROSENE LIGHT RAIL LIGHT RAIL SYSTEMS LIGHTER VEHICLES LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES MASS TRANSIT MILEAGE MODAL SHARE MODAL SHARES MODAL SHIFT MODE OF TRANSPORT MODE OF TRANSPORTATION MOTOR GASOLINE MOTORISTS NATIONAL EMISSIONS NATURAL GAS PASSENGER TRANSPORT PASSENGER TRIPS PASSENGER VEHICLE PASSENGERS PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS PICKUP TRUCKS PIPELINE POPULATION GROWTH POWER POWER GENERATION POWER SECTOR POWER SECTORS PP PRICE OF DIESEL PRIVATE TRANSPORT PRIVATE VEHICLES PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RAIL RAIL TRANSPORT RAIL TRANSPORTATION RAILWAY RAPID TRANSIT RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS REGULAR GASOLINE RENEWABLE RESOURCES ROAD ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD VEHICLES ROADS SPEEDS SUBWAY SUGAR CANE TAX TAX PAYMENTS TAX RATE TAXES ON DIESEL TAXIS TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRAFFIC GROWTH TRANSIT BENEFITS TRANSIT SYSTEMS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT ACTIVITY TRANSPORT ENERGY USE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT MODES TRANSPORT POLICY TRANSPORT POLICY INSTITUTE TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONS TRANSPORT SERVICE TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION ACTIVITY TRANSPORTATION DATA TRANSPORTATION FUELS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRAVEL DEMAND TRIP TRUCKS TRUE URBAN PASSENGER URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY VEHICLE VEHICLE CLASSES VEHICLE EFFICIENCY VEHICLE FLEET VEHICLE FUEL VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCY VEHICLE MODEL VEHICLE OCCUPANCY VEHICLE OWNERSHIP VEHICLE OWNERSHIP RATES VEHICLE POPULATION VEHICLES |
| spellingShingle |
AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR QUALITY AIR TRANSPORT ALTERNATIVE FUEL ALTERNATIVE FUELS ANNUAL EMISSIONS APPROACH AUTOMOBILES AUTOMOTIVE FUEL AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY AVIATION FUEL AVIATION GASOLINE BIKES BIO-FUELS BUS BUS LANES BUS SERVICES BUS SYSTEMS BUSES CAR CAR MANUFACTURERS CAR OWNERSHIP CARBON CARBON CONTENT CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION CARBON EMISSION CARBON EMISSION INTENSITY CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON INTENSITY CARS CLEAN AIR CLEAN ENERGY CLEAN FUELS CLEANER FUELS CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CO CO2 COAL COMBUSTION COMMERCIAL VEHICLES COMMUTERS CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGES CONGESTION PRICING CONGESTION REDUCTION CRUDE OIL DECOMPOSITION METHOD DIESEL DIESEL OIL DOMESTIC AIR TRANSPORT DOMESTIC AVIATION DRIVERS DRIVING EFFICIENT VEHICLE ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY GENERATION MIX ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION EMISSION EMISSION CHANGE EMISSION COEFFICIENTS EMISSION FACTORS EMISSION GROWTH EMISSION INTENSITY EMISSION STANDARDS EMISSION TRENDS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS FROM FREIGHT TRANSPORT EMISSIONS FROM FUEL EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTATION EMISSIONS GROWTH ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY MIX ENERGY OUTLOOK ENERGY POLICY ENERGY SHORTAGES ENERGY SOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS ETHANOL EXCISE TAX EXCISE TAXES FLEETS FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION FOSSIL FUELS FREIGHT FREIGHT TRAFFIC FREIGHT TRANSPORT FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL DEMAND FUEL ECONOMY FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EFFICIENCY STANDARDS FUEL MARKET FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES FUEL SUBSTITUTION FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TYPE FUEL USE FUELS GASOLINE GASOLINE PRICES GHG GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION GREENHOUSE GASES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEAVY FUEL OIL HIGHWAY HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL HYDRO-POWER INCOME TAX INDUSTRIAL CO2 EMISSIONS INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS INTERNATIONAL AVIATION IPCC KEROSENE LIGHT RAIL LIGHT RAIL SYSTEMS LIGHTER VEHICLES LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES MASS TRANSIT MILEAGE MODAL SHARE MODAL SHARES MODAL SHIFT MODE OF TRANSPORT MODE OF TRANSPORTATION MOTOR GASOLINE MOTORISTS NATIONAL EMISSIONS NATURAL GAS PASSENGER TRANSPORT PASSENGER TRIPS PASSENGER VEHICLE PASSENGERS PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS PICKUP TRUCKS PIPELINE POPULATION GROWTH POWER POWER GENERATION POWER SECTOR POWER SECTORS PP PRICE OF DIESEL PRIVATE TRANSPORT PRIVATE VEHICLES PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RAIL RAIL TRANSPORT RAIL TRANSPORTATION RAILWAY RAPID TRANSIT RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS REGULAR GASOLINE RENEWABLE RESOURCES ROAD ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD VEHICLES ROADS SPEEDS SUBWAY SUGAR CANE TAX TAX PAYMENTS TAX RATE TAXES ON DIESEL TAXIS TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRAFFIC GROWTH TRANSIT BENEFITS TRANSIT SYSTEMS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT ACTIVITY TRANSPORT ENERGY USE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT MODES TRANSPORT POLICY TRANSPORT POLICY INSTITUTE TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONS TRANSPORT SERVICE TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION ACTIVITY TRANSPORTATION DATA TRANSPORTATION FUELS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRAVEL DEMAND TRIP TRUCKS TRUE URBAN PASSENGER URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY VEHICLE VEHICLE CLASSES VEHICLE EFFICIENCY VEHICLE FLEET VEHICLE FUEL VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCY VEHICLE MODEL VEHICLE OCCUPANCY VEHICLE OWNERSHIP VEHICLE OWNERSHIP RATES VEHICLE POPULATION VEHICLES Timilsina, Govinda R. Shrestha, Ashish Why Have CO2 Emissions Increased in the Transport Sector in Asia? Underlying Factors and Policy Options |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia East Asia and Pacific |
| relation |
Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change
Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5098 |
| description |
Rapidly increasing emissions of carbon
dioxide from the transport sector, particularly in urban
areas, is a major challenge to sustainable development in
developing countries. This study analyzes the factors
responsible for transport sector CO2 emissions growth in
selected developing Asian countries during 1980-2005. The
analysis splits the annual emissions growth into components
representing economic development; population growth; shifts
in transportation modes; and changes in fuel mix, emission
coefficients, and transportation energy intensity. The study
also reviews existing government policies to limit CO2
emissions growth, particularly various fiscal and regulatory
policy instruments. The study finds that of the six factors
considered, three - economic development, population growth,
and transportation energy intensity - are responsible for
driving up transport sector CO2 emissions in Bangladesh, the
Philippines, and Vietnam. In contrast, only economic
development and population growth are responsible in the
case of China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. CO2 emissions
exhibit a downward trend in Mongolia due to decreasing
transportation energy intensity. The study also finds that
some existing policy instruments help reduce transport
sector CO2 emissions, although they were not necessarily
targeted for this purpose when introduced. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Timilsina, Govinda R. Shrestha, Ashish |
| author_facet |
Timilsina, Govinda R. Shrestha, Ashish |
| author_sort |
Timilsina, Govinda R. |
| title |
Why Have CO2 Emissions Increased in the Transport Sector in Asia? Underlying Factors and Policy Options |
| title_short |
Why Have CO2 Emissions Increased in the Transport Sector in Asia? Underlying Factors and Policy Options |
| title_full |
Why Have CO2 Emissions Increased in the Transport Sector in Asia? Underlying Factors and Policy Options |
| title_fullStr |
Why Have CO2 Emissions Increased in the Transport Sector in Asia? Underlying Factors and Policy Options |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Why Have CO2 Emissions Increased in the Transport Sector in Asia? Underlying Factors and Policy Options |
| title_sort |
why have co2 emissions increased in the transport sector in asia? underlying factors and policy options |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091027103858 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4290 |
| _version_ |
1764390777964724224 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-42902021-04-23T14:02:17Z Why Have CO2 Emissions Increased in the Transport Sector in Asia? Underlying Factors and Policy Options Timilsina, Govinda R. Shrestha, Ashish AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR QUALITY AIR TRANSPORT ALTERNATIVE FUEL ALTERNATIVE FUELS ANNUAL EMISSIONS APPROACH AUTOMOBILES AUTOMOTIVE FUEL AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY AVIATION FUEL AVIATION GASOLINE BIKES BIO-FUELS BUS BUS LANES BUS SERVICES BUS SYSTEMS BUSES CAR CAR MANUFACTURERS CAR OWNERSHIP CARBON CARBON CONTENT CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION CARBON EMISSION CARBON EMISSION INTENSITY CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON INTENSITY CARS CLEAN AIR CLEAN ENERGY CLEAN FUELS CLEANER FUELS CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CO CO2 COAL COMBUSTION COMMERCIAL VEHICLES COMMUTERS CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGES CONGESTION PRICING CONGESTION REDUCTION CRUDE OIL DECOMPOSITION METHOD DIESEL DIESEL OIL DOMESTIC AIR TRANSPORT DOMESTIC AVIATION DRIVERS DRIVING EFFICIENT VEHICLE ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY GENERATION MIX ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION EMISSION EMISSION CHANGE EMISSION COEFFICIENTS EMISSION FACTORS EMISSION GROWTH EMISSION INTENSITY EMISSION STANDARDS EMISSION TRENDS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS FROM FREIGHT TRANSPORT EMISSIONS FROM FUEL EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTATION EMISSIONS GROWTH ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY MIX ENERGY OUTLOOK ENERGY POLICY ENERGY SHORTAGES ENERGY SOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS ETHANOL EXCISE TAX EXCISE TAXES FLEETS FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION FOSSIL FUELS FREIGHT FREIGHT TRAFFIC FREIGHT TRANSPORT FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL DEMAND FUEL ECONOMY FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EFFICIENCY STANDARDS FUEL MARKET FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES FUEL SUBSTITUTION FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TYPE FUEL USE FUELS GASOLINE GASOLINE PRICES GHG GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION GREENHOUSE GASES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEAVY FUEL OIL HIGHWAY HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL HYDRO-POWER INCOME TAX INDUSTRIAL CO2 EMISSIONS INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS INTERNATIONAL AVIATION IPCC KEROSENE LIGHT RAIL LIGHT RAIL SYSTEMS LIGHTER VEHICLES LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES MASS TRANSIT MILEAGE MODAL SHARE MODAL SHARES MODAL SHIFT MODE OF TRANSPORT MODE OF TRANSPORTATION MOTOR GASOLINE MOTORISTS NATIONAL EMISSIONS NATURAL GAS PASSENGER TRANSPORT PASSENGER TRIPS PASSENGER VEHICLE PASSENGERS PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS PICKUP TRUCKS PIPELINE POPULATION GROWTH POWER POWER GENERATION POWER SECTOR POWER SECTORS PP PRICE OF DIESEL PRIVATE TRANSPORT PRIVATE VEHICLES PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RAIL RAIL TRANSPORT RAIL TRANSPORTATION RAILWAY RAPID TRANSIT RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS REGULAR GASOLINE RENEWABLE RESOURCES ROAD ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD VEHICLES ROADS SPEEDS SUBWAY SUGAR CANE TAX TAX PAYMENTS TAX RATE TAXES ON DIESEL TAXIS TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRAFFIC GROWTH TRANSIT BENEFITS TRANSIT SYSTEMS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT ACTIVITY TRANSPORT ENERGY USE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT MODES TRANSPORT POLICY TRANSPORT POLICY INSTITUTE TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONS TRANSPORT SERVICE TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION ACTIVITY TRANSPORTATION DATA TRANSPORTATION FUELS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRAVEL DEMAND TRIP TRUCKS TRUE URBAN PASSENGER URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY VEHICLE VEHICLE CLASSES VEHICLE EFFICIENCY VEHICLE FLEET VEHICLE FUEL VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCY VEHICLE MODEL VEHICLE OCCUPANCY VEHICLE OWNERSHIP VEHICLE OWNERSHIP RATES VEHICLE POPULATION VEHICLES Rapidly increasing emissions of carbon dioxide from the transport sector, particularly in urban areas, is a major challenge to sustainable development in developing countries. This study analyzes the factors responsible for transport sector CO2 emissions growth in selected developing Asian countries during 1980-2005. The analysis splits the annual emissions growth into components representing economic development; population growth; shifts in transportation modes; and changes in fuel mix, emission coefficients, and transportation energy intensity. The study also reviews existing government policies to limit CO2 emissions growth, particularly various fiscal and regulatory policy instruments. The study finds that of the six factors considered, three - economic development, population growth, and transportation energy intensity - are responsible for driving up transport sector CO2 emissions in Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Vietnam. In contrast, only economic development and population growth are responsible in the case of China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. CO2 emissions exhibit a downward trend in Mongolia due to decreasing transportation energy intensity. The study also finds that some existing policy instruments help reduce transport sector CO2 emissions, although they were not necessarily targeted for this purpose when introduced. 2012-03-19T19:13:22Z 2012-03-19T19:13:22Z 2009-10-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091027103858 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4290 English Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5098 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper South Asia East Asia and Pacific |