A Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate Change
This paper proposes an alternative approach to addressing the complex problems of climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The author, who won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, argues that single policies adopted only at a globa...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091026142624 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4287 |
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okr-10986-4287 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABATEMENT ADAPTATION FINANCING AFFORESTATION AFFORESTATION EFFORTS AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ALLOWANCE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ATMOSPHERE AUCTION AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILE USE BICYCLE PATHS BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BUS CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CAR CARBON CARBON ACCOUNTING CARBON CREDITS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON ECONOMY CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON LEAKAGE CARBON MARKET CARBON NEUTRAL CARBON OFFSETS CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON STORAGE CARBON TRADING CARS CERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CHEMICALS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN ENERGY CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATE POLICY CLIMATE PROTECTION CLIMATE SCIENCE CLIMATE SCIENTISTS CLOUD COVER CO2 COAL COMMON PROPERTY CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGE COST SAVINGS CRITICAL SURVEY CROSSING DEBT DECISION MAKING DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISCOUNT RATES DRIVING ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGICAL OUTCOMES ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS ECOSYSTEM EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY USE EMISSION EMISSION ALLOWANCES EMISSION TRENDS EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EMPIRICAL STUDIES ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY COSTS ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY TAXES ENERGY USE ENTITLEMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY EQUILIBRIUM EVAPOTRANSPIRATION EXPENDITURES EXPLOITATION EXTERNAL COSTS EXTERNALITIES EXTREME EVENTS FARMS FISH FISHERIES FISHERIES MANAGEMENT FISHERS FISHING FLEETS FOREST FOREST CARBON FOREST COMMUNITY FOREST CONDITIONS FOREST DEGRADATION FOREST ECOLOGY FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FOREST FIRES FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST OWNERSHIP FOREST PEOPLE FOREST PRODUCTION FOREST PRODUCTS FOREST RESOURCES FOREST SECTOR FORESTRY FORESTS FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FREE RIDERS FUEL GLACIERS GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEM GLOBAL EMISSIONS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GLOBAL WARMING GREEN HOUSE GAS GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS HEATING SYSTEMS HIGH OCCUPANCY TOLL HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS HOUSEHOLD ENERGY HUMAN BEHAVIOR IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE INCOME IRON JOBS LAND ECONOMICS LOW-CARBON LOWER COSTS MARKET ECONOMIES MASS TRANSIT NATURAL RESOURCES OCEANS OIL PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATES PERFECT INFORMATION PERVERSE SUBSIDIES PHOTOVOLTAICS POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION LEVELS PORTFOLIO POWER GENERATION POWER SECTOR PRIVATE COSTS PRIVATE GOODS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PROPERTY OWNERS PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC SAFETY QUALITY STANDARDS QUOTAS REBATES RECYCLING REDUCING EMISSIONS REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH AGENDA RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RESOURCE USE RETROFITTING RIDER RURAL COMMUNITIES SEA LEVELS SOLAR POWER STORMS TAX TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TIMBER TRADEOFFS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC FLOW TRAFFIC LEVELS TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVELERS UNCERTAINTIES VEHICLE VEHICLE LANES VEHICLE TRIPS VEHICLES WASTE WASTE DISPOSAL WIND |
| spellingShingle |
ABATEMENT ADAPTATION FINANCING AFFORESTATION AFFORESTATION EFFORTS AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ALLOWANCE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ATMOSPHERE AUCTION AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILE USE BICYCLE PATHS BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BUS CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CAR CARBON CARBON ACCOUNTING CARBON CREDITS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON ECONOMY CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON LEAKAGE CARBON MARKET CARBON NEUTRAL CARBON OFFSETS CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON STORAGE CARBON TRADING CARS CERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CHEMICALS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN ENERGY CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATE POLICY CLIMATE PROTECTION CLIMATE SCIENCE CLIMATE SCIENTISTS CLOUD COVER CO2 COAL COMMON PROPERTY CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGE COST SAVINGS CRITICAL SURVEY CROSSING DEBT DECISION MAKING DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISCOUNT RATES DRIVING ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGICAL OUTCOMES ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS ECOSYSTEM EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY USE EMISSION EMISSION ALLOWANCES EMISSION TRENDS EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EMPIRICAL STUDIES ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY COSTS ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY TAXES ENERGY USE ENTITLEMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY EQUILIBRIUM EVAPOTRANSPIRATION EXPENDITURES EXPLOITATION EXTERNAL COSTS EXTERNALITIES EXTREME EVENTS FARMS FISH FISHERIES FISHERIES MANAGEMENT FISHERS FISHING FLEETS FOREST FOREST CARBON FOREST COMMUNITY FOREST CONDITIONS FOREST DEGRADATION FOREST ECOLOGY FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FOREST FIRES FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST OWNERSHIP FOREST PEOPLE FOREST PRODUCTION FOREST PRODUCTS FOREST RESOURCES FOREST SECTOR FORESTRY FORESTS FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FREE RIDERS FUEL GLACIERS GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEM GLOBAL EMISSIONS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GLOBAL WARMING GREEN HOUSE GAS GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS HEATING SYSTEMS HIGH OCCUPANCY TOLL HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS HOUSEHOLD ENERGY HUMAN BEHAVIOR IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE INCOME IRON JOBS LAND ECONOMICS LOW-CARBON LOWER COSTS MARKET ECONOMIES MASS TRANSIT NATURAL RESOURCES OCEANS OIL PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATES PERFECT INFORMATION PERVERSE SUBSIDIES PHOTOVOLTAICS POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION LEVELS PORTFOLIO POWER GENERATION POWER SECTOR PRIVATE COSTS PRIVATE GOODS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PROPERTY OWNERS PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC SAFETY QUALITY STANDARDS QUOTAS REBATES RECYCLING REDUCING EMISSIONS REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH AGENDA RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RESOURCE USE RETROFITTING RIDER RURAL COMMUNITIES SEA LEVELS SOLAR POWER STORMS TAX TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TIMBER TRADEOFFS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC FLOW TRAFFIC LEVELS TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVELERS UNCERTAINTIES VEHICLE VEHICLE LANES VEHICLE TRIPS VEHICLES WASTE WASTE DISPOSAL WIND Ostrom, Elinor A Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate Change |
| geographic_facet |
The World Region The World Region |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5095 |
| description |
This paper proposes an alternative
approach to addressing the complex problems of climate
change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The author, who
won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, argues that
single policies adopted only at a global scale are unlikely
to generate sufficient trust among citizens and firms so
that collective action can take place in a comprehensive and
transparent manner that will effectively reduce global
warming. Furthermore, simply recommending a single
governmental unit to solve global collective action problems
is inherently weak because of free-rider problems. For
example, the Carbon Development Mechanism (CDM) can be
gamed in ways that hike up prices of natural resources and
in some cases can lead to further natural resource
exploitation. Some flaws are also noticeable in the Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in
Developing Countries (REDD) program. Both the CDM and REDD
are vulnerable to the free-rider problem. As an alternative,
the paper proposes a polycentric approach at various levels
with active oversight of local, regional, and national
stakeholders. Efforts to reduce global greenhouse gas
emissions are a classic collective action problem that is
best addressed at multiple scales and levels. Given the
slowness and conflict involved in achieving a global
solution to climate change, recognizing the potential for
building a more effective way of reducing green house gas
emissions at multiple levels is an important step forward. A
polycentric approach has the main advantage of encouraging
experimental efforts at multiple levels, leading to the
development of methods for assessing the benefits and costs
of particular strategies adopted in one type of ecosystem
and compared to results obtained in other ecosystems.
Building a strong commitment to find ways of reducing
individual emissions is an important element for coping with
this problem, and having others also take responsibility can
be more effectively undertaken in small- to medium-scale
governance units that are linked together through
information networks and monitoring at all levels. This
paper was prepared as a background paper for the 2010 World
Development Report on Climate Change. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Ostrom, Elinor |
| author_facet |
Ostrom, Elinor |
| author_sort |
Ostrom, Elinor |
| title |
A Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate Change |
| title_short |
A Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate Change |
| title_full |
A Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate Change |
| title_fullStr |
A Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate Change |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate Change |
| title_sort |
polycentric approach for coping with climate change |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091026142624 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4287 |
| _version_ |
1764390765478281216 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-42872021-04-23T14:02:16Z A Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate Change Ostrom, Elinor ABATEMENT ADAPTATION FINANCING AFFORESTATION AFFORESTATION EFFORTS AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ALLOWANCE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ATMOSPHERE AUCTION AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILE USE BICYCLE PATHS BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BUS CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CAR CARBON CARBON ACCOUNTING CARBON CREDITS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON ECONOMY CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON LEAKAGE CARBON MARKET CARBON NEUTRAL CARBON OFFSETS CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON STORAGE CARBON TRADING CARS CERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CHEMICALS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN ENERGY CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATE POLICY CLIMATE PROTECTION CLIMATE SCIENCE CLIMATE SCIENTISTS CLOUD COVER CO2 COAL COMMON PROPERTY CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGE COST SAVINGS CRITICAL SURVEY CROSSING DEBT DECISION MAKING DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISCOUNT RATES DRIVING ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGICAL OUTCOMES ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS ECOSYSTEM EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY USE EMISSION EMISSION ALLOWANCES EMISSION TRENDS EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EMPIRICAL STUDIES ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY COSTS ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY TAXES ENERGY USE ENTITLEMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY EQUILIBRIUM EVAPOTRANSPIRATION EXPENDITURES EXPLOITATION EXTERNAL COSTS EXTERNALITIES EXTREME EVENTS FARMS FISH FISHERIES FISHERIES MANAGEMENT FISHERS FISHING FLEETS FOREST FOREST CARBON FOREST COMMUNITY FOREST CONDITIONS FOREST DEGRADATION FOREST ECOLOGY FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FOREST FIRES FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST OWNERSHIP FOREST PEOPLE FOREST PRODUCTION FOREST PRODUCTS FOREST RESOURCES FOREST SECTOR FORESTRY FORESTS FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FREE RIDERS FUEL GLACIERS GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEM GLOBAL EMISSIONS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GLOBAL WARMING GREEN HOUSE GAS GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS HEATING SYSTEMS HIGH OCCUPANCY TOLL HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS HOUSEHOLD ENERGY HUMAN BEHAVIOR IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE INCOME IRON JOBS LAND ECONOMICS LOW-CARBON LOWER COSTS MARKET ECONOMIES MASS TRANSIT NATURAL RESOURCES OCEANS OIL PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATES PERFECT INFORMATION PERVERSE SUBSIDIES PHOTOVOLTAICS POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION LEVELS PORTFOLIO POWER GENERATION POWER SECTOR PRIVATE COSTS PRIVATE GOODS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PROPERTY OWNERS PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC SAFETY QUALITY STANDARDS QUOTAS REBATES RECYCLING REDUCING EMISSIONS REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH AGENDA RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RESOURCE USE RETROFITTING RIDER RURAL COMMUNITIES SEA LEVELS SOLAR POWER STORMS TAX TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TIMBER TRADEOFFS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC FLOW TRAFFIC LEVELS TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVELERS UNCERTAINTIES VEHICLE VEHICLE LANES VEHICLE TRIPS VEHICLES WASTE WASTE DISPOSAL WIND This paper proposes an alternative approach to addressing the complex problems of climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The author, who won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, argues that single policies adopted only at a global scale are unlikely to generate sufficient trust among citizens and firms so that collective action can take place in a comprehensive and transparent manner that will effectively reduce global warming. Furthermore, simply recommending a single governmental unit to solve global collective action problems is inherently weak because of free-rider problems. For example, the Carbon Development Mechanism (CDM) can be gamed in ways that hike up prices of natural resources and in some cases can lead to further natural resource exploitation. Some flaws are also noticeable in the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD) program. Both the CDM and REDD are vulnerable to the free-rider problem. As an alternative, the paper proposes a polycentric approach at various levels with active oversight of local, regional, and national stakeholders. Efforts to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions are a classic collective action problem that is best addressed at multiple scales and levels. Given the slowness and conflict involved in achieving a global solution to climate change, recognizing the potential for building a more effective way of reducing green house gas emissions at multiple levels is an important step forward. A polycentric approach has the main advantage of encouraging experimental efforts at multiple levels, leading to the development of methods for assessing the benefits and costs of particular strategies adopted in one type of ecosystem and compared to results obtained in other ecosystems. Building a strong commitment to find ways of reducing individual emissions is an important element for coping with this problem, and having others also take responsibility can be more effectively undertaken in small- to medium-scale governance units that are linked together through information networks and monitoring at all levels. This paper was prepared as a background paper for the 2010 World Development Report on Climate Change. 2012-03-19T19:13:18Z 2012-03-19T19:13:18Z 2009-10-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091026142624 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4287 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5095 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region |