Designing Cost-Effective Cash Transfer Programs to Boost Schooling among Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa
As of 2007, 29 developing countries had some type of conditional cash transfer program in place, with many others planning or piloting one. However, the evidence base needed by a government to decide how to design a new conditional cash transfer pr...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091022113350 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4282 |
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okr-10986-42822021-04-23T14:02:16Z Designing Cost-Effective Cash Transfer Programs to Boost Schooling among Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa Baird, Sarah McIntosh, Craig Ozler, Berk ALCOHOLIC ATTENDANCE RECORDS AVERAGE SCHOOLING BENEFICIARIES CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHURCHES CLASSROOMS COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE OUTCOMES CONTROL GROUPS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DROPOUT DROPOUT FROM SCHOOL DROPOUT RATE EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MARRIAGE EDUCATION DECISIONS EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLMENT RATES EXPENDITURES EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FERTILITY FINAL OUTCOMES GIRLS IN SCHOOL GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GRADE LEVELS HIV HIV INFECTION HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN RESOURCES HUSBANDS IHS IMPACT EVALUATION INCOME INTERVENTION INTERVENTIONS LABOR MARKET LEARNING LITERACY LITERACY RATES LITERATURE LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT LOW ENROLMENT LOW ENROLMENT RATES LOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATION MARITAL STATUS MOTHER NUMBER OF DROPOUTS NUMBER OF GIRLS NUMBER OF STUDENTS PAPERS PHYSICAL HEALTH POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRAM IMPACTS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS PROGRESS QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION READING RESEARCH REPORT RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL EDUCATION SAMPLE SIZE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CHILDREN SCHOOL DAYS SCHOOL DROPOUTS SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL ENROLMENT SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL GIRLS SCHOOL SURVEY SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOLS SEXUAL ACTIVITY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SEXUALLY ACTIVE SOCIAL MARKETING SPILLOVER SUBSISTENCE FARMING TEACHER TEENAGE GIRLS TEENAGE PREGNANCY TEXTBOOKS TREATMENT EFFECTS TREATMENT GROUPS URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTER WOMAN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN As of 2007, 29 developing countries had some type of conditional cash transfer program in place, with many others planning or piloting one. However, the evidence base needed by a government to decide how to design a new conditional cash transfer program is severely limited in a number of critical dimensions. This paper presents one-year schooling impacts from a conditional cash transfer experiment among teenage girls and young women in Malawi, which was designed to address these shortcomings: conditionality status, size of separate transfers to the schoolgirl and the parent, and village-level saturation of treatment were all independently randomized. The authors find that the program had large impacts on school attendance: the re-enrollment rate among those who had already dropped out of school before the start of the program increased by two and a half times and the dropout rate among those in school at baseline decreased from 11 to 6 percent. These impacts were, on average, similar in the conditional and the unconditional treatment arms. Although most schooling outcomes examined here were unresponsive to variation in the size of the transfer to the parents, higher transfers given directly to the schoolgirls were associated with significantly improved school attendance and progress - but only if the transfers were conditional on school attendance. There were no spillover effects within treatment communities after the first year of program implementation. Policymakers looking to design cost-effective cash transfer programs targeted toward young women should note the relative insensitivity of these short-term program impacts with respect to conditionality and total transfer size. 2012-03-19T19:13:13Z 2012-03-19T19:13:13Z 2009-10-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091022113350 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4282 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5090,Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP) CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Southern Africa Malawi |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ALCOHOLIC ATTENDANCE RECORDS AVERAGE SCHOOLING BENEFICIARIES CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHURCHES CLASSROOMS COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE OUTCOMES CONTROL GROUPS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DROPOUT DROPOUT FROM SCHOOL DROPOUT RATE EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MARRIAGE EDUCATION DECISIONS EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLMENT RATES EXPENDITURES EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FERTILITY FINAL OUTCOMES GIRLS IN SCHOOL GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GRADE LEVELS HIV HIV INFECTION HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN RESOURCES HUSBANDS IHS IMPACT EVALUATION INCOME INTERVENTION INTERVENTIONS LABOR MARKET LEARNING LITERACY LITERACY RATES LITERATURE LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT LOW ENROLMENT LOW ENROLMENT RATES LOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATION MARITAL STATUS MOTHER NUMBER OF DROPOUTS NUMBER OF GIRLS NUMBER OF STUDENTS PAPERS PHYSICAL HEALTH POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRAM IMPACTS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS PROGRESS QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION READING RESEARCH REPORT RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL EDUCATION SAMPLE SIZE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CHILDREN SCHOOL DAYS SCHOOL DROPOUTS SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL ENROLMENT SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL GIRLS SCHOOL SURVEY SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOLS SEXUAL ACTIVITY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SEXUALLY ACTIVE SOCIAL MARKETING SPILLOVER SUBSISTENCE FARMING TEACHER TEENAGE GIRLS TEENAGE PREGNANCY TEXTBOOKS TREATMENT EFFECTS TREATMENT GROUPS URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTER WOMAN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN |
| spellingShingle |
ALCOHOLIC ATTENDANCE RECORDS AVERAGE SCHOOLING BENEFICIARIES CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHURCHES CLASSROOMS COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE OUTCOMES CONTROL GROUPS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DROPOUT DROPOUT FROM SCHOOL DROPOUT RATE EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MARRIAGE EDUCATION DECISIONS EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLMENT RATES EXPENDITURES EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FERTILITY FINAL OUTCOMES GIRLS IN SCHOOL GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GRADE LEVELS HIV HIV INFECTION HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN RESOURCES HUSBANDS IHS IMPACT EVALUATION INCOME INTERVENTION INTERVENTIONS LABOR MARKET LEARNING LITERACY LITERACY RATES LITERATURE LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT LOW ENROLMENT LOW ENROLMENT RATES LOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATION MARITAL STATUS MOTHER NUMBER OF DROPOUTS NUMBER OF GIRLS NUMBER OF STUDENTS PAPERS PHYSICAL HEALTH POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRAM IMPACTS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS PROGRESS QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION READING RESEARCH REPORT RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL EDUCATION SAMPLE SIZE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CHILDREN SCHOOL DAYS SCHOOL DROPOUTS SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL ENROLMENT SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL GIRLS SCHOOL SURVEY SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOLS SEXUAL ACTIVITY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SEXUALLY ACTIVE SOCIAL MARKETING SPILLOVER SUBSISTENCE FARMING TEACHER TEENAGE GIRLS TEENAGE PREGNANCY TEXTBOOKS TREATMENT EFFECTS TREATMENT GROUPS URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTER WOMAN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN Baird, Sarah McIntosh, Craig Ozler, Berk Designing Cost-Effective Cash Transfer Programs to Boost Schooling among Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| geographic_facet |
Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Southern Africa Malawi |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5090,Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change
Program (KCP) |
| description |
As of 2007, 29 developing countries had
some type of conditional cash transfer program in place,
with many others planning or piloting one. However, the
evidence base needed by a government to decide how to design
a new conditional cash transfer program is severely limited
in a number of critical dimensions. This paper presents
one-year schooling impacts from a conditional cash transfer
experiment among teenage girls and young women in Malawi,
which was designed to address these shortcomings:
conditionality status, size of separate transfers to the
schoolgirl and the parent, and village-level saturation of
treatment were all independently randomized. The authors
find that the program had large impacts on school
attendance: the re-enrollment rate among those who had
already dropped out of school before the start of the
program increased by two and a half times and the dropout
rate among those in school at baseline decreased from 11 to
6 percent. These impacts were, on average, similar in the
conditional and the unconditional treatment arms. Although
most schooling outcomes examined here were unresponsive to
variation in the size of the transfer to the parents, higher
transfers given directly to the schoolgirls were associated
with significantly improved school attendance and progress -
but only if the transfers were conditional on school
attendance. There were no spillover effects within treatment
communities after the first year of program implementation.
Policymakers looking to design cost-effective cash transfer
programs targeted toward young women should note the
relative insensitivity of these short-term program impacts
with respect to conditionality and total transfer size. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Baird, Sarah McIntosh, Craig Ozler, Berk |
| author_facet |
Baird, Sarah McIntosh, Craig Ozler, Berk |
| author_sort |
Baird, Sarah |
| title |
Designing Cost-Effective Cash Transfer Programs to Boost Schooling among Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_short |
Designing Cost-Effective Cash Transfer Programs to Boost Schooling among Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_full |
Designing Cost-Effective Cash Transfer Programs to Boost Schooling among Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_fullStr |
Designing Cost-Effective Cash Transfer Programs to Boost Schooling among Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Designing Cost-Effective Cash Transfer Programs to Boost Schooling among Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_sort |
designing cost-effective cash transfer programs to boost schooling among young women in sub-saharan africa |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091022113350 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4282 |
| _version_ |
1764390738613764096 |