China : Urban Services and Governance

The study addresses governance challenges in public service delivery in China. It builds on the citizen scorecard survey conducted in five Chinese cities in 2006 to gauge citizens experience with public services, and demonstrates the usefulness of...

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Main Author:	Brixi, Hana
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS APPROPRIATE INCENTIVES AVERAGE INCOME BASIC EDUCATION BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BASIC NEEDS CHILD SURVIVAL CITIZEN CITIZENS CIVIL SOCIETY CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS CLINICS COMMUNITY HEALTH DECISION MAKING DISCRIMINATION DISSEMINATION DRUGS EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EQUAL TREATMENT EQUALIZATION EQUITABLE ACCESS FAMILY PLANNING FEWER PEOPLE FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS GENERAL PRACTITIONERS GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES GOVERNANCE ISSUES GOVERNANCE REFORMS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROUNDWATER HEALTH CARE HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL HOSPITALIZATION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORTANT POLICY IMPROVING GOVERNANCE INCOME DISTRIBUTION INEQUALITY INEQUITIES INFORMED CHOICES INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS INSURANCE SCHEMES INVESTMENT CLIMATE LABOR FORCE LACK OF AWARENESS LARGE CITIES LAWS LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL LEVEL LOCAL LEVELS MARKET ECONOMY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS MEDICAL STAFF MEDICINES MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOTHER MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPAL LEVEL MUNICIPALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVELS NATIONAL POLICIES NATIONAL POLICY NATIONAL PRIORITIES OUTPATIENT CARE PATIENT PATIENTS PER CAPITA INCOME PERFORMANCE INDICATORS POLICY DEVELOPMENT POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLLUTION POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION GROUPS POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PRIVATE SECTOR PROGRESS PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS PROVINCIAL HOSPITALS PROVISION OF SERVICES PROVISIONS PUBLIC PUBLIC AFFAIRS PUBLIC AGENCIES PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC SPENDING PROGRAMS QUALITY CARE QUALITY OF CARE QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF SERVICES QUALITY SERVICES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESIDENCE STATUS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RICHER POPULATION GROUPS ROADS RURAL AREAS RURAL RESIDENTS SAFE WATER SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL YEAR SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLS SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE QUALITY SERVICE UTILIZATION SERVICES FOR CHILDREN SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL SECTORS STRATEGIC PRIORITIES STRATEGIC PRIORITY SUBNATIONAL LEVELS SURGERY TAX TRANSPARENCY URBAN AREAS URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION URBAN PUBLIC SERVICES URBAN SERVICES URBANIZATION USER FEES UTILITIES WATER POLLUTION WATER RESOURCES
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090828114151 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4222

id	okr-10986-4222
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS APPROPRIATE INCENTIVES AVERAGE INCOME BASIC EDUCATION BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BASIC NEEDS CHILD SURVIVAL CITIZEN CITIZENS CIVIL SOCIETY CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS CLINICS COMMUNITY HEALTH DECISION MAKING DISCRIMINATION DISSEMINATION DRUGS EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EQUAL TREATMENT EQUALIZATION EQUITABLE ACCESS FAMILY PLANNING FEWER PEOPLE FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS GENERAL PRACTITIONERS GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES GOVERNANCE ISSUES GOVERNANCE REFORMS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROUNDWATER HEALTH CARE HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL HOSPITALIZATION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORTANT POLICY IMPROVING GOVERNANCE INCOME DISTRIBUTION INEQUALITY INEQUITIES INFORMED CHOICES INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS INSURANCE SCHEMES INVESTMENT CLIMATE LABOR FORCE LACK OF AWARENESS LARGE CITIES LAWS LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL LEVEL LOCAL LEVELS MARKET ECONOMY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS MEDICAL STAFF MEDICINES MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOTHER MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPAL LEVEL MUNICIPALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVELS NATIONAL POLICIES NATIONAL POLICY NATIONAL PRIORITIES OUTPATIENT CARE PATIENT PATIENTS PER CAPITA INCOME PERFORMANCE INDICATORS POLICY DEVELOPMENT POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLLUTION POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION GROUPS POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PRIVATE SECTOR PROGRESS PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS PROVINCIAL HOSPITALS PROVISION OF SERVICES PROVISIONS PUBLIC PUBLIC AFFAIRS PUBLIC AGENCIES PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC SPENDING PROGRAMS QUALITY CARE QUALITY OF CARE QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF SERVICES QUALITY SERVICES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESIDENCE STATUS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RICHER POPULATION GROUPS ROADS RURAL AREAS RURAL RESIDENTS SAFE WATER SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL YEAR SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLS SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE QUALITY SERVICE UTILIZATION SERVICES FOR CHILDREN SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL SECTORS STRATEGIC PRIORITIES STRATEGIC PRIORITY SUBNATIONAL LEVELS SURGERY TAX TRANSPARENCY URBAN AREAS URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION URBAN PUBLIC SERVICES URBAN SERVICES URBANIZATION USER FEES UTILITIES WATER POLLUTION WATER RESOURCES
spellingShingle	ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS APPROPRIATE INCENTIVES AVERAGE INCOME BASIC EDUCATION BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BASIC NEEDS CHILD SURVIVAL CITIZEN CITIZENS CIVIL SOCIETY CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS CLINICS COMMUNITY HEALTH DECISION MAKING DISCRIMINATION DISSEMINATION DRUGS EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EQUAL TREATMENT EQUALIZATION EQUITABLE ACCESS FAMILY PLANNING FEWER PEOPLE FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS GENERAL PRACTITIONERS GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES GOVERNANCE ISSUES GOVERNANCE REFORMS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROUNDWATER HEALTH CARE HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL HOSPITALIZATION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORTANT POLICY IMPROVING GOVERNANCE INCOME DISTRIBUTION INEQUALITY INEQUITIES INFORMED CHOICES INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS INSURANCE SCHEMES INVESTMENT CLIMATE LABOR FORCE LACK OF AWARENESS LARGE CITIES LAWS LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL LEVEL LOCAL LEVELS MARKET ECONOMY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS MEDICAL STAFF MEDICINES MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOTHER MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPAL LEVEL MUNICIPALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVELS NATIONAL POLICIES NATIONAL POLICY NATIONAL PRIORITIES OUTPATIENT CARE PATIENT PATIENTS PER CAPITA INCOME PERFORMANCE INDICATORS POLICY DEVELOPMENT POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLLUTION POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION GROUPS POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PRIVATE SECTOR PROGRESS PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS PROVINCIAL HOSPITALS PROVISION OF SERVICES PROVISIONS PUBLIC PUBLIC AFFAIRS PUBLIC AGENCIES PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC SPENDING PROGRAMS QUALITY CARE QUALITY OF CARE QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF SERVICES QUALITY SERVICES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESIDENCE STATUS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RICHER POPULATION GROUPS ROADS RURAL AREAS RURAL RESIDENTS SAFE WATER SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL YEAR SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLS SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE QUALITY SERVICE UTILIZATION SERVICES FOR CHILDREN SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL SECTORS STRATEGIC PRIORITIES STRATEGIC PRIORITY SUBNATIONAL LEVELS SURGERY TAX TRANSPARENCY URBAN AREAS URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION URBAN PUBLIC SERVICES URBAN SERVICES URBANIZATION USER FEES UTILITIES WATER POLLUTION WATER RESOURCES Brixi, Hana China : Urban Services and Governance
geographic_facet	East Asia and Pacific East Asia and Pacific East Asia Asia China
relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5030
description	The study addresses governance challenges in public service delivery in China. It builds on the citizen scorecard survey conducted in five Chinese cities in 2006 to gauge citizens experience with public services, and demonstrates the usefulness of citizens feedback for policy development and implementation. The survey found that citizens were generally pleased with urban public services, but worried about the associated fees. Compared with the official urban residents, the urban poor and rural migrants in cities reported sharper utilization constraints, lower readiness to complain or pay informal fees, and a much larger income share spent on public services. The reported citizens perceptions sometimes diverged from the evidence and pointed to significant information asymmetries. Explaining the survey results, the study reveals problems of inadequacy, inequality and misaligned incentives in public resource allocation. The study presents several successful experiments reducing the dependence on user fees in basic education and primary healthcare. It recognizes that China has been undertaking comprehensive reforms to enhance equity and quality in public service delivery. Such reforms have included measures to strengthen the regulatory, monitoring, and enforcement systems and accountability relationships. In the context of the ongoing reforms, this study highlights the need to: a) hold the provincial governments accountable for public service delivery performance; b) develop effective mechanisms to align public resources and incentives at each level of government with the national priorities; and c) develop proper means to empower the citizens. In this context, the study affirms that the Chinese government is rightly placing reforms in the intergovernmental, administrative, and public finance systems at the top of its agenda.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Brixi, Hana
author_facet	Brixi, Hana
author_sort	Brixi, Hana
title	China : Urban Services and Governance
title_short	China : Urban Services and Governance
title_full	China : Urban Services and Governance
title_fullStr	China : Urban Services and Governance
title_full_unstemmed	China : Urban Services and Governance
title_sort	china : urban services and governance
publishDate	2012
url	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090828114151 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4222
_version_	1764390475431673856
spelling	okr-10986-42222021-04-23T14:02:16Z China : Urban Services and Governance Brixi, Hana ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS APPROPRIATE INCENTIVES AVERAGE INCOME BASIC EDUCATION BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BASIC NEEDS CHILD SURVIVAL CITIZEN CITIZENS CIVIL SOCIETY CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS CLINICS COMMUNITY HEALTH DECISION MAKING DISCRIMINATION DISSEMINATION DRUGS EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EQUAL TREATMENT EQUALIZATION EQUITABLE ACCESS FAMILY PLANNING FEWER PEOPLE FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS GENERAL PRACTITIONERS GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES GOVERNANCE ISSUES GOVERNANCE REFORMS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROUNDWATER HEALTH CARE HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL HOSPITALIZATION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORTANT POLICY IMPROVING GOVERNANCE INCOME DISTRIBUTION INEQUALITY INEQUITIES INFORMED CHOICES INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS INSURANCE SCHEMES INVESTMENT CLIMATE LABOR FORCE LACK OF AWARENESS LARGE CITIES LAWS LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL LEVEL LOCAL LEVELS MARKET ECONOMY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS MEDICAL STAFF MEDICINES MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOTHER MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPAL LEVEL MUNICIPALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVELS NATIONAL POLICIES NATIONAL POLICY NATIONAL PRIORITIES OUTPATIENT CARE PATIENT PATIENTS PER CAPITA INCOME PERFORMANCE INDICATORS POLICY DEVELOPMENT POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLLUTION POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION GROUPS POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PRIVATE SECTOR PROGRESS PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS PROVINCIAL HOSPITALS PROVISION OF SERVICES PROVISIONS PUBLIC PUBLIC AFFAIRS PUBLIC AGENCIES PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC SPENDING PROGRAMS QUALITY CARE QUALITY OF CARE QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF SERVICES QUALITY SERVICES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESIDENCE STATUS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RICHER POPULATION GROUPS ROADS RURAL AREAS RURAL RESIDENTS SAFE WATER SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL YEAR SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLS SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE QUALITY SERVICE UTILIZATION SERVICES FOR CHILDREN SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL SECTORS STRATEGIC PRIORITIES STRATEGIC PRIORITY SUBNATIONAL LEVELS SURGERY TAX TRANSPARENCY URBAN AREAS URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION URBAN PUBLIC SERVICES URBAN SERVICES URBANIZATION USER FEES UTILITIES WATER POLLUTION WATER RESOURCES The study addresses governance challenges in public service delivery in China. It builds on the citizen scorecard survey conducted in five Chinese cities in 2006 to gauge citizens experience with public services, and demonstrates the usefulness of citizens feedback for policy development and implementation. The survey found that citizens were generally pleased with urban public services, but worried about the associated fees. Compared with the official urban residents, the urban poor and rural migrants in cities reported sharper utilization constraints, lower readiness to complain or pay informal fees, and a much larger income share spent on public services. The reported citizens perceptions sometimes diverged from the evidence and pointed to significant information asymmetries. Explaining the survey results, the study reveals problems of inadequacy, inequality and misaligned incentives in public resource allocation. The study presents several successful experiments reducing the dependence on user fees in basic education and primary healthcare. It recognizes that China has been undertaking comprehensive reforms to enhance equity and quality in public service delivery. Such reforms have included measures to strengthen the regulatory, monitoring, and enforcement systems and accountability relationships. In the context of the ongoing reforms, this study highlights the need to: a) hold the provincial governments accountable for public service delivery performance; b) develop effective mechanisms to align public resources and incentives at each level of government with the national priorities; and c) develop proper means to empower the citizens. In this context, the study affirms that the Chinese government is rightly placing reforms in the intergovernmental, administrative, and public finance systems at the top of its agenda. 2012-03-19T19:12:07Z 2012-03-19T19:12:07Z 2009-08-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090828114151 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4222 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5030 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper East Asia and Pacific East Asia and Pacific East Asia Asia China

China : Urban Services and Governance

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