A Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agricultural Imports and the Management of Reform
The record of traditional safeguard provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization provides useful information about how a special agricultural safeguard might be made effective. The success of existing sa...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090707095400 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4181 |
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okr-10986-4181 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCESS TO FOREIGN MARKETS ACCOUNTING AD VALOREM AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT AGRICULTURAL TRADE ANTIDUMPING ANTIDUMPING ACTIONS ANTIDUMPING DUTIES ANTIDUMPING DUTY ANTIDUMPING MEASURES ANTIDUMPING POLICY ANTIDUMPING RULES APPAREL APPLIED TARIFF BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BALANCE OF PAYMENTS PROVISIONS BILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS BUFFER STOCKS CAPITAL GOODS COMMERCE COMMODITY AGREEMENTS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE DISCIPLINE COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVE PRICE COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONFLICT OF INTEREST CONTRACTING PARTIES COUNTRY MARKETS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CUSTOMS DETERMINATION OF INJURY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DUMPING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ESCAPE CLAUSE EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES EXPORT RECEIPTS EXPORT RESTRAINTS EXPORT VOLUME EXPORT VOLUMES EXPORTER EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRIES EXPORTS FARMING HOUSEHOLDS FOREIGN COMPETITION FOREIGN COSTS FOREIGN MARKETS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FUNGIBLE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS GLOBAL ECONOMY IMPORT DUTY IMPORT POLICIES IMPORT PRICE IMPORT PROHIBITIONS IMPORT RESTRICTION IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTED PRODUCTS IMPORTING COUNTRIES IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INDUSTRIALIZATION INFANT INDUSTRIES INFANT INDUSTRY INJURIOUS DUMPING INSTRUMENT INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS INVOICE PRICE LEGAL OBLIGATION MARKET ACCESS MARKET ACCESS NEGOTIATIONS MARKET PRICE MARKETING MERCHANDISE NATIONAL AUTHORITIES NATIONAL SECURITY OPENNESS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESPONSE PREFERENTIAL TRADE PRICE OF IMPORTS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS REAL INCOME RECIPROCITY RENEGOTIATION RENEGOTIATIONS REPAYMENTS RESERVE RESERVES ROUND AGREEMENTS SAFEGUARD CLAUSE SAFEGUARD MEASURES SPECIAL SAFEGUARD SPECIAL TREATMENT SPREAD STATE TRADING STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS TARIFF BINDINGS TARIFF LINE TARIFF LINES TARIFF NEGOTIATIONS TARIFF POLICY TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTION TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF SCHEDULES TARIFF-RATE QUOTA TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DATA TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REVIEW TRADE REFORM TRADE REMEDIES TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADING SYSTEM TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNFAIR COMPETITION VALUE OF IMPORTS VER VOLATILITY VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINT WELFARE LOSS WORLD MARKETS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO FOREIGN MARKETS ACCOUNTING AD VALOREM AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT AGRICULTURAL TRADE ANTIDUMPING ANTIDUMPING ACTIONS ANTIDUMPING DUTIES ANTIDUMPING DUTY ANTIDUMPING MEASURES ANTIDUMPING POLICY ANTIDUMPING RULES APPAREL APPLIED TARIFF BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BALANCE OF PAYMENTS PROVISIONS BILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS BUFFER STOCKS CAPITAL GOODS COMMERCE COMMODITY AGREEMENTS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE DISCIPLINE COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVE PRICE COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONFLICT OF INTEREST CONTRACTING PARTIES COUNTRY MARKETS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CUSTOMS DETERMINATION OF INJURY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DUMPING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ESCAPE CLAUSE EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES EXPORT RECEIPTS EXPORT RESTRAINTS EXPORT VOLUME EXPORT VOLUMES EXPORTER EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRIES EXPORTS FARMING HOUSEHOLDS FOREIGN COMPETITION FOREIGN COSTS FOREIGN MARKETS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FUNGIBLE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS GLOBAL ECONOMY IMPORT DUTY IMPORT POLICIES IMPORT PRICE IMPORT PROHIBITIONS IMPORT RESTRICTION IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTED PRODUCTS IMPORTING COUNTRIES IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INDUSTRIALIZATION INFANT INDUSTRIES INFANT INDUSTRY INJURIOUS DUMPING INSTRUMENT INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS INVOICE PRICE LEGAL OBLIGATION MARKET ACCESS MARKET ACCESS NEGOTIATIONS MARKET PRICE MARKETING MERCHANDISE NATIONAL AUTHORITIES NATIONAL SECURITY OPENNESS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESPONSE PREFERENTIAL TRADE PRICE OF IMPORTS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS REAL INCOME RECIPROCITY RENEGOTIATION RENEGOTIATIONS REPAYMENTS RESERVE RESERVES ROUND AGREEMENTS SAFEGUARD CLAUSE SAFEGUARD MEASURES SPECIAL SAFEGUARD SPECIAL TREATMENT SPREAD STATE TRADING STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS TARIFF BINDINGS TARIFF LINE TARIFF LINES TARIFF NEGOTIATIONS TARIFF POLICY TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTION TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF SCHEDULES TARIFF-RATE QUOTA TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DATA TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REVIEW TRADE REFORM TRADE REMEDIES TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADING SYSTEM TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNFAIR COMPETITION VALUE OF IMPORTS VER VOLATILITY VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINT WELFARE LOSS WORLD MARKETS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION Finger, J. Michael A Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agricultural Imports and the Management of Reform |
| geographic_facet |
The World Region The World Region |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4927 |
| description |
The record of traditional safeguard
provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and
the World Trade Organization provides useful information
about how a special agricultural safeguard might be made
effective. The success of existing safeguard or flexibility
provisions to sustain long-run liberalization programs stems
from their requiring objective, transparent, and
participatory decisions on the application of the import
restrictions they allow. The proposed special agricultural
safeguard expands by arithmetic formula the bounds within
which a Member may impose a new import restriction.
Analysis reported here suggests that the formulas provide a
poor guide for policy, indicating that they would frequently
prescribe action that is not needed and fail to prescribe
action when it would be appropriate. Analysis of the
existing agricultural safeguard, to which the special
agricultural safeguard is similar, indicates that it has
functioned not as an allowance for occasional response to
unusual situations but as an expansion of the limits Members
have accepted through tariff bindings. To be useful, the
special agricultural safeguard should do more than provide
formulas for import restrictions. It should provide for
objective and participatory processes that would bring
forward relevant information and guide an objective and
balanced accounting of the interests at play. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Finger, J. Michael |
| author_facet |
Finger, J. Michael |
| author_sort |
Finger, J. Michael |
| title |
A Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agricultural Imports and the Management of Reform |
| title_short |
A Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agricultural Imports and the Management of Reform |
| title_full |
A Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agricultural Imports and the Management of Reform |
| title_fullStr |
A Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agricultural Imports and the Management of Reform |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agricultural Imports and the Management of Reform |
| title_sort |
special safeguard mechanism for agricultural imports and the management of reform |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090707095400 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4181 |
| _version_ |
1764390292543242240 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-41812021-04-23T14:02:16Z A Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agricultural Imports and the Management of Reform Finger, J. Michael ACCESS TO FOREIGN MARKETS ACCOUNTING AD VALOREM AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT AGRICULTURAL TRADE ANTIDUMPING ANTIDUMPING ACTIONS ANTIDUMPING DUTIES ANTIDUMPING DUTY ANTIDUMPING MEASURES ANTIDUMPING POLICY ANTIDUMPING RULES APPAREL APPLIED TARIFF BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BALANCE OF PAYMENTS PROVISIONS BILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS BUFFER STOCKS CAPITAL GOODS COMMERCE COMMODITY AGREEMENTS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE DISCIPLINE COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVE PRICE COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONFLICT OF INTEREST CONTRACTING PARTIES COUNTRY MARKETS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CUSTOMS DETERMINATION OF INJURY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DUMPING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ESCAPE CLAUSE EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES EXPORT RECEIPTS EXPORT RESTRAINTS EXPORT VOLUME EXPORT VOLUMES EXPORTER EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRIES EXPORTS FARMING HOUSEHOLDS FOREIGN COMPETITION FOREIGN COSTS FOREIGN MARKETS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FUNGIBLE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS GLOBAL ECONOMY IMPORT DUTY IMPORT POLICIES IMPORT PRICE IMPORT PROHIBITIONS IMPORT RESTRICTION IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTED PRODUCTS IMPORTING COUNTRIES IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INDUSTRIALIZATION INFANT INDUSTRIES INFANT INDUSTRY INJURIOUS DUMPING INSTRUMENT INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS INVOICE PRICE LEGAL OBLIGATION MARKET ACCESS MARKET ACCESS NEGOTIATIONS MARKET PRICE MARKETING MERCHANDISE NATIONAL AUTHORITIES NATIONAL SECURITY OPENNESS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESPONSE PREFERENTIAL TRADE PRICE OF IMPORTS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS REAL INCOME RECIPROCITY RENEGOTIATION RENEGOTIATIONS REPAYMENTS RESERVE RESERVES ROUND AGREEMENTS SAFEGUARD CLAUSE SAFEGUARD MEASURES SPECIAL SAFEGUARD SPECIAL TREATMENT SPREAD STATE TRADING STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS TARIFF BINDINGS TARIFF LINE TARIFF LINES TARIFF NEGOTIATIONS TARIFF POLICY TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTION TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF SCHEDULES TARIFF-RATE QUOTA TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DATA TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REVIEW TRADE REFORM TRADE REMEDIES TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADING SYSTEM TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNFAIR COMPETITION VALUE OF IMPORTS VER VOLATILITY VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINT WELFARE LOSS WORLD MARKETS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION The record of traditional safeguard provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization provides useful information about how a special agricultural safeguard might be made effective. The success of existing safeguard or flexibility provisions to sustain long-run liberalization programs stems from their requiring objective, transparent, and participatory decisions on the application of the import restrictions they allow. The proposed special agricultural safeguard expands by arithmetic formula the bounds within which a Member may impose a new import restriction. Analysis reported here suggests that the formulas provide a poor guide for policy, indicating that they would frequently prescribe action that is not needed and fail to prescribe action when it would be appropriate. Analysis of the existing agricultural safeguard, to which the special agricultural safeguard is similar, indicates that it has functioned not as an allowance for occasional response to unusual situations but as an expansion of the limits Members have accepted through tariff bindings. To be useful, the special agricultural safeguard should do more than provide formulas for import restrictions. It should provide for objective and participatory processes that would bring forward relevant information and guide an objective and balanced accounting of the interests at play. 2012-03-19T19:11:24Z 2012-03-19T19:11:24Z 2009-05-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090707095400 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4181 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4927 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region |