Entrepreneurship in Post-Conflict Transition : The Role of Informality and Access to Finance
The authors examine the factors affecting the transition to self-employment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, using the World Bank Living Standard Measurement Survey panel household survey for the years 2001-2004. In the beginning of the sample, the count...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090518152429 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4129 |
| id |
okr-10986-4129 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO FORMAL FINANCE ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS BANK FINANCING BANK LOAN BANK LOANS BANKS BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS BIASES BORROWING BUSINESS SCHOOL BUSINESS SURVIVAL CALCULATIONS CAPITAL FINANCE CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT CORPORATE FINANCE CORRUPTION COST OF CREDIT CREDIT CONSTRAINTS CREDIT INSTITUTIONS CREDIT MARKET CREDIT MECHANISMS CREDIT RATIONING CREDIT UNION DEBT DEDUCTIBLES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISABLED DISCRIMINATION DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT DIVERSIFICATION EARNINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION EMPLOYMENT STATUS ENTREPRENEUR ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISIONS ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURE ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES ENTREPRENEURS ENTRY COSTS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBER FAMILY MEMBERS FARMERS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FINANCIAL CAPITAL FINANCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FINANCIAL ECONOMIST FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT FINANCIAL EXCLUSION FINANCIAL INSTITUTION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL MEANS FINANCIAL SECTOR FIRM GROWTH FIRM SIZE FIRM SURVIVAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT FORMAL EDUCATION FORMAL SECTOR WAGES GENDER HEALTH CONTRIBUTIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES INCOME INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS INFORMAL CREDIT INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INFORMAL FINANCING INFORMAL LOANS INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS INTERNAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT JOB CREATION JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE POPULATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LABOR UNIONS LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOUR MARKETS LIMITED ACCESS LIVING STANDARD LIVING STANDARDS LOAN LOCAL BUSINESS LOCAL BUSINESSES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARKET CONDITIONS MEDIUM ENTERPRISE MEDIUM ENTERPRISES MICRO-CREDIT MICRO-CREDIT SCHEME MICRO-CREDIT SCHEMES MICRO-ENTERPRISE MICRO-LOAN MICROCREDIT MICROFINANCE MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS MINIMUM WAGE MORAL HAZARD NEW BUSINESS NEW ENTREPRENEUR NEW ENTREPRENEURS NEW JOBS OCCUPATION PENSION PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT PERSONAL ASSETS PERSONAL WEALTH POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRESENT EVIDENCE PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION PRIOR LABOR MARKET STATUS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATIZATION PROBABILITY PROBIT EQUATIONS PROBIT REGRESSIONS PRODUCTIVITY PROFITABILITY PROPERTY OWNERSHIP PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAITS PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC POLICY QUESTIONNAIRE REGRESSION ANALYSIS REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REPAYMENT SAFETY NET SALE SAVINGS SELF-EMPLOYMENT SELF-EMPLOYMENT EARNINGS SELF-FINANCING SENIOR SHADOW ECONOMY SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL WELFARE SOURCES OF FINANCE START-UP START-UPS SURVIVAL EQUATION SURVIVAL RATES TERMS OF LOANS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TYPES OF LOANS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS UNFAIR COMPETITION UNIONS URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS VALUABLE WORKER WORKERS WORKING AGE WORKING CAPITAL WORTH |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO FORMAL FINANCE ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS BANK FINANCING BANK LOAN BANK LOANS BANKS BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS BIASES BORROWING BUSINESS SCHOOL BUSINESS SURVIVAL CALCULATIONS CAPITAL FINANCE CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT CORPORATE FINANCE CORRUPTION COST OF CREDIT CREDIT CONSTRAINTS CREDIT INSTITUTIONS CREDIT MARKET CREDIT MECHANISMS CREDIT RATIONING CREDIT UNION DEBT DEDUCTIBLES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISABLED DISCRIMINATION DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT DIVERSIFICATION EARNINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION EMPLOYMENT STATUS ENTREPRENEUR ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISIONS ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURE ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES ENTREPRENEURS ENTRY COSTS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBER FAMILY MEMBERS FARMERS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FINANCIAL CAPITAL FINANCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FINANCIAL ECONOMIST FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT FINANCIAL EXCLUSION FINANCIAL INSTITUTION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL MEANS FINANCIAL SECTOR FIRM GROWTH FIRM SIZE FIRM SURVIVAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT FORMAL EDUCATION FORMAL SECTOR WAGES GENDER HEALTH CONTRIBUTIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES INCOME INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS INFORMAL CREDIT INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INFORMAL FINANCING INFORMAL LOANS INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS INTERNAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT JOB CREATION JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE POPULATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LABOR UNIONS LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOUR MARKETS LIMITED ACCESS LIVING STANDARD LIVING STANDARDS LOAN LOCAL BUSINESS LOCAL BUSINESSES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARKET CONDITIONS MEDIUM ENTERPRISE MEDIUM ENTERPRISES MICRO-CREDIT MICRO-CREDIT SCHEME MICRO-CREDIT SCHEMES MICRO-ENTERPRISE MICRO-LOAN MICROCREDIT MICROFINANCE MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS MINIMUM WAGE MORAL HAZARD NEW BUSINESS NEW ENTREPRENEUR NEW ENTREPRENEURS NEW JOBS OCCUPATION PENSION PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT PERSONAL ASSETS PERSONAL WEALTH POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRESENT EVIDENCE PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION PRIOR LABOR MARKET STATUS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATIZATION PROBABILITY PROBIT EQUATIONS PROBIT REGRESSIONS PRODUCTIVITY PROFITABILITY PROPERTY OWNERSHIP PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAITS PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC POLICY QUESTIONNAIRE REGRESSION ANALYSIS REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REPAYMENT SAFETY NET SALE SAVINGS SELF-EMPLOYMENT SELF-EMPLOYMENT EARNINGS SELF-FINANCING SENIOR SHADOW ECONOMY SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL WELFARE SOURCES OF FINANCE START-UP START-UPS SURVIVAL EQUATION SURVIVAL RATES TERMS OF LOANS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TYPES OF LOANS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS UNFAIR COMPETITION UNIONS URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS VALUABLE WORKER WORKERS WORKING AGE WORKING CAPITAL WORTH Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli Klapper, Leora F. Panos, Georgios A. Entrepreneurship in Post-Conflict Transition : The Role of Informality and Access to Finance |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Europe Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper ; No. 4935 |
| description |
The authors examine the factors
affecting the transition to self-employment in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, using the World Bank Living Standard
Measurement Survey panel household survey for the years
2001-2004. In the beginning of the sample, the country
changed its legal framework, with the primary aim to promote
labor market flexibility and to encourage entrepreneurial
activity. The analysis identifies individuals that switched
to self-employment (employers and own account) during the
sample period and the viability of this transition, in terms
of business survival for more than one year. The results
suggest an important role for financing constraints.
Specifically, wealthier households are more likely to become
entrepreneurs and survive in self-employment. After
controlling for household wealth, having an existing bank
relationship increases the likelihood of starting a business
with hired employees and increases the chances of survival
for the new entrepreneur. By contrast, overseas - and in
some cases domestic - remittances decrease the likelihood of
becoming an entrepreneur. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli Klapper, Leora F. Panos, Georgios A. |
| author_facet |
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli Klapper, Leora F. Panos, Georgios A. |
| author_sort |
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli |
| title |
Entrepreneurship in Post-Conflict Transition : The Role of Informality and Access to Finance |
| title_short |
Entrepreneurship in Post-Conflict Transition : The Role of Informality and Access to Finance |
| title_full |
Entrepreneurship in Post-Conflict Transition : The Role of Informality and Access to Finance |
| title_fullStr |
Entrepreneurship in Post-Conflict Transition : The Role of Informality and Access to Finance |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Entrepreneurship in Post-Conflict Transition : The Role of Informality and Access to Finance |
| title_sort |
entrepreneurship in post-conflict transition : the role of informality and access to finance |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090518152429 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4129 |
| _version_ |
1764390042874150912 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-41292021-04-23T14:02:15Z Entrepreneurship in Post-Conflict Transition : The Role of Informality and Access to Finance Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli Klapper, Leora F. Panos, Georgios A. ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO FORMAL FINANCE ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS BANK FINANCING BANK LOAN BANK LOANS BANKS BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS BIASES BORROWING BUSINESS SCHOOL BUSINESS SURVIVAL CALCULATIONS CAPITAL FINANCE CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT CORPORATE FINANCE CORRUPTION COST OF CREDIT CREDIT CONSTRAINTS CREDIT INSTITUTIONS CREDIT MARKET CREDIT MECHANISMS CREDIT RATIONING CREDIT UNION DEBT DEDUCTIBLES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISABLED DISCRIMINATION DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT DIVERSIFICATION EARNINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION EMPLOYMENT STATUS ENTREPRENEUR ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISIONS ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURE ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES ENTREPRENEURS ENTRY COSTS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBER FAMILY MEMBERS FARMERS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FINANCIAL CAPITAL FINANCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FINANCIAL ECONOMIST FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT FINANCIAL EXCLUSION FINANCIAL INSTITUTION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL MEANS FINANCIAL SECTOR FIRM GROWTH FIRM SIZE FIRM SURVIVAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT FORMAL EDUCATION FORMAL SECTOR WAGES GENDER HEALTH CONTRIBUTIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES INCOME INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS INFORMAL CREDIT INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INFORMAL FINANCING INFORMAL LOANS INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS INTERNAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT JOB CREATION JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE POPULATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LABOR UNIONS LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOUR MARKETS LIMITED ACCESS LIVING STANDARD LIVING STANDARDS LOAN LOCAL BUSINESS LOCAL BUSINESSES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARKET CONDITIONS MEDIUM ENTERPRISE MEDIUM ENTERPRISES MICRO-CREDIT MICRO-CREDIT SCHEME MICRO-CREDIT SCHEMES MICRO-ENTERPRISE MICRO-LOAN MICROCREDIT MICROFINANCE MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS MINIMUM WAGE MORAL HAZARD NEW BUSINESS NEW ENTREPRENEUR NEW ENTREPRENEURS NEW JOBS OCCUPATION PENSION PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT PERSONAL ASSETS PERSONAL WEALTH POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRESENT EVIDENCE PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION PRIOR LABOR MARKET STATUS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATIZATION PROBABILITY PROBIT EQUATIONS PROBIT REGRESSIONS PRODUCTIVITY PROFITABILITY PROPERTY OWNERSHIP PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAITS PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC POLICY QUESTIONNAIRE REGRESSION ANALYSIS REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REPAYMENT SAFETY NET SALE SAVINGS SELF-EMPLOYMENT SELF-EMPLOYMENT EARNINGS SELF-FINANCING SENIOR SHADOW ECONOMY SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL WELFARE SOURCES OF FINANCE START-UP START-UPS SURVIVAL EQUATION SURVIVAL RATES TERMS OF LOANS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TYPES OF LOANS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS UNFAIR COMPETITION UNIONS URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS VALUABLE WORKER WORKERS WORKING AGE WORKING CAPITAL WORTH The authors examine the factors affecting the transition to self-employment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, using the World Bank Living Standard Measurement Survey panel household survey for the years 2001-2004. In the beginning of the sample, the country changed its legal framework, with the primary aim to promote labor market flexibility and to encourage entrepreneurial activity. The analysis identifies individuals that switched to self-employment (employers and own account) during the sample period and the viability of this transition, in terms of business survival for more than one year. The results suggest an important role for financing constraints. Specifically, wealthier households are more likely to become entrepreneurs and survive in self-employment. After controlling for household wealth, having an existing bank relationship increases the likelihood of starting a business with hired employees and increases the chances of survival for the new entrepreneur. By contrast, overseas - and in some cases domestic - remittances decrease the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur. 2012-03-19T19:10:28Z 2012-03-19T19:10:28Z 2009-05-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090518152429 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4129 English Policy Research Working Paper ; No. 4935 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Europe Bosnia and Herzegovina |