Poverty and Income Seasonality in Bangladesh

Seasonal poverty in Bangladesh, locally known as monga, refers to seasonal deprivation of food during the pre-harvest season of Aman rice. An analysis of household income and expenditure survey data shows that average household income and consumpti...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Khandker, Shahidur R.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY AGGREGATE INCOME AGRARIAN ECONOMY AGRICULTURAL LABORERS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGE AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ANNUAL RATE ASSET HOLDINGS AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME BASE YEAR BENEFICIARY BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLDS BUFFER STOCKS CALORIE INTAKE CASH TRANSFERS CHANGES IN POVERTY CHRONIC POVERTY COMMERCIAL BANK COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE CONSUMER GOODS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION INSURANCE CONSUMPTION LEVELS CONSUMPTION POVERTY CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING CONSUMPTION VOLATILITY CREDIT MARKET CREDIT MARKET CONSTRAINTS CREDIT MARKETS CREDIT PROGRAM CREDIT PROGRAMS CROP INCOME CROP PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION DATA CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA DAILY WAGE DATA SET DATA SETS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIVERSIFICATION DROUGHT ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC INDICATORS ECONOMIC SITUATION EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE ESTIMATES OF POVERTY EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FARM ACTIVITIES FARM INCOME FARM PRODUCTION FARM PRODUCTIVITY FARM SECTOR FARM TECHNOLOGY FARMERS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOOD BASKET FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA FOOD COUPONS FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD POLICY FOOD POVERTY FOOD POVERTY LINE FOOD PRICES FOOD QUANTITY FOOD RATIONS FOOD SECURITY FOOD SHORTAGE FOOD-FOR-WORK HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOME HOUSEHOLD POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTS HUMAN RESOURCES INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME DATA INCOME DYNAMICS INCOME EXPANSION INCOME GROWTH INCOME RISK INCOME SHARE INCOME SHARES INCOME SHOCK INCOME SHOCKS INCOME SMOOTHING INCOME TRANSFER INCOME TRANSFERS INFORMAL CREDIT INSURANCE INSURANCE MECHANISMS INTERFAMILY TRANSFERS IRRIGATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LAND ASSET LAND ASSETS LEAN SEASON LINEAR MODEL LIQUIDITY LOW INCOME MALNUTRITION MARKET IMPERFECTIONS MEASUREMENT ERROR MEASUREMENT ERRORS MICRO-CREDIT MICRO-FINANCE MUTUAL INSURANCE NEGATIVE EFFECT NEGATIVE IMPACT NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP NET EFFECT 0 HYPOTHESIS OLD AGE OLD AGE PENSION PENSIONS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY INTERVENTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY VARIABLES POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INFLUENCE POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POSITIVE EFFECTS POSITIVE ROLE POVERTY CHANGES POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY HEAD POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY INDICES POVERTY LEVEL POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY POVERTY POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SITUATION POVERTY STATUS POVERTY THRESHOLD PRECAUTIONARY SAVINGS PRODUCT MARKET PRODUCTIVE ASSETS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC WORKS PURCHASING POWER REAL WAGE REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION OF POVERTY REGIONAL DUMMIES REGIONAL LEVEL RISK MANAGEMENT RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL ECONOMY RURAL ELECTRIFICATION RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INCOME RURAL PEOPLE RURAL POOR RURAL POVERTY RURAL POVERTY RATE RURAL ROAD RURAL ROADS SAFETY NET SAFETY NET PROGRAMS SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SCHOOLING SELF-INSURANCE SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SMALL FARMERS SMOOTHING CONSUMPTION SOCIAL SAFETY SOCIAL SAFETY NET TARGETING TOTAL POVERTY TOTAL POVERTY LINE TRANSFER PROGRAM TRANSFER PROGRAMS VILLAGE LEVEL VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY VULNERABLE GROUP VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS WAGE RATE WAGE RATES WAGE WORKERS WAGES WEALTH WEATHER RISK WELFARE INDICATORS WORK PROGRAM
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090430133459 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4114

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Summary:	Seasonal poverty in Bangladesh, locally known as monga, refers to seasonal deprivation of food during the pre-harvest season of Aman rice. An analysis of household income and expenditure survey data shows that average household income and consumption are much lower during monga season than in other seasons, and that seasonal income greatly influences seasonal consumption. However, lack of income and consumption smoothing is more acute in greater Rangpur, the North West region, than in other regions, causing widespread seasonal deprivation. The analysis shows that agricultural income diversification accompanied by better access to micro-credit, irrigation, education, electrification, social safety net programs, and dynamic labor markets has helped reduce seasonality in income and poverty in regions other than Rangpur in the recent past. Hence, government policies should promote income diversification through infrastructure investments and provide income transfers to the targeted poor to contain income seasonality and poverty in this impoverished part of Bangladesh.

Poverty and Income Seasonality in Bangladesh

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