Assessing the Direct Economic Effects of Reallocating Irrigation Water to Alternative Uses Concepts and an Application

This study discusses potential economic implications for Nigeria of an Economic Partnership Agreement with the European Union. It uses the World Bank s Tariff Reform Impact Simulation Tool to assess the effects of preferential tariff liberalization...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Andriamananjara, Soamiely, Brenton, Paul, von Uexkull, Jan Erik, Walkenhorst, Peter
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO IMPORTS ACCOUNTING ACTUAL VALUE AD VALOREM AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS APPAREL APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL TRADE APPLIED TARIFF ARBITRAGE ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION AVERAGE TARIFF BANK GUARANTEES BANK POLICY BILATERAL TRADE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY BUILDING CARRIERS COLLECTED TARIFF COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER SURPLUS CUSTOMS CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION CUSTOMS UNION DEFICITS DEMAND ELASTICITIES DEMAND ELASTICITY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRICES DUTY DRAWBACK ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EQUILIBRIUM EQUIPMENT EUROPEAN UNION EXPORT BIAS EXPORT COMMODITIES EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION EXPORT GOODS EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT INCENTIVE EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT PROMOTION EXPORT PROMOTION EFFORTS EXPORT PROSPECTS EXPORT SECTORS EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUPPLY EXPORT VALUE EXPORTER EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNAL PROTECTION EXTERNAL TARIFF FINAL GOODS FISCAL REFORMS FIXED INVESTMENTS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN SOURCES FRAUD FREE ACCESS FREE ENTRY FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREAS FREIGHT FORWARDERS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKET GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE GOVERNMENT REVENUE GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HIGH TARIFF PRODUCTS HIGH TARIFFS IMPORT IMPORT BANS IMPORT CONTROLS IMPORT DEMAND IMPORT GROWTH IMPORT LIBERALIZATION IMPORT PRICE IMPORT PRICES IMPORT PROHIBITION IMPORT REGIME IMPORT SHARE IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORT VALUE IMPORT VALUES INSTRUMENT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE ISSUANCE LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LOCAL CONTENT LONG-TERM INVESTORS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARKET ACCESS MARKET FAILURES MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARES METAL PRODUCTS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OIL EXPORTS OPEN REGIONALISM PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY CREDIBILITY POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL BASIS PREFERENTIAL MARKET ACCESS PREFERENTIAL RATES PREFERENTIAL SCHEME PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PRICE INDEX PROTECTION DATA PROTECTIONIST RAPID GROWTH RECIPROCAL TARIFF REDUCTION REGIONAL GROUPINGS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK REGULATORY REFORM RELATIVE PRICE RELATIVE PRICES RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN RETURN RULES OF ORIGIN SECTOR REFORMS SOURCING SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS SUPPLY RESPONSE TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF DATA TARIFF EXEMPTIONS TARIFF INCREASE TARIFF INCREASES TARIFF LINE TARIFF LINES TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF PROTECTION TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REFORM TARIFF REVENUE TARIFF REVENUES TARIFF SCHEDULE TARIFF STRUCTURE TARIFFS ON IMPORTS TAX TAX BASE TAX POLICIES TAX REVENUE TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOTAL EXPORTS TOTAL IMPORT TOTAL IMPORTS TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE BARRIERS TRADE CREATION TRADE DIVERSION TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FLOWS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE INTEGRATION TRADE LOGISTICS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY ISSUES TRADE POLICY REFORM TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE REFORM TRADE REGIME TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE RESTRICTIVENESS TRADE SHARE TRADE TRANSACTIONS TRADE VALUE TRADING TRADING PARTNER TRADING PARTNERS TRANSACTIONS COSTS TRANSPORT COSTS UNCERTAINTY VALUE % OF IMPORTS VALUE OF IMPORTS WARRANTS WELFARE LOSS WELFARE LOSSES WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS ZERO TARIFFS
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090429162030 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4113

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Summary:	This study discusses potential economic implications for Nigeria of an Economic Partnership Agreement with the European Union. It uses the World Bank s Tariff Reform Impact Simulation Tool to assess the effects of preferential tariff liberalization with respect to the European Union. The results suggest that the impact of an Economic Partnership Agreement on total imports into Nigeria will be slight. This is in part because the Agreement will likely allow the most protected sectors to be excluded from liberalization, and also because where substantial tariffs are involved much of the increase in imports from the European Union will occur at the expense of other suppliers of imports. It is this trade diversion, arising from the discriminatory nature of the EPA, which generates a negative welfare impact of the tariff reforms. One way for Nigeria to limit these losses is to pursue non-preferential trade liberalization before implementing an EPA. The paper looks at the large number of import bans in Nigeria and argues that the positive impact on welfare of removing these import bans is likely to be substantial. Their removal would undermine a major reason for cross border smuggling and pave the way for a return to normal regional trade flows. The paper shows how an Economic Partnership Agreement presents an opportunity for accelerating the reforms that are needed to support a strategy to increase regional and global trade integration. Such an agreement is more likely to have positive and significant impacts when integrated into a comprehensive strategy toward competitiveness and alleviation of the supply constraints that have stifled the impact of previous trade agreements. Key issues that should be addressed include liberalization and regulatory strengthening of services sectors to ensure that all firms in Nigeria have access to efficiently produced backbone services and initiatives to address the country s poor trade logistics performance.

Assessing the Direct Economic Effects of Reallocating Irrigation Water to Alternative Uses Concepts and an Application

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