International Migration and Gender Differentials in the Home Labor Market : Evidence from Albania
This paper examines the role of male-dominated international migration in shaping labor market outcomes by gender in migrant-sending households in Albania. Using detailed information on family migration experience from the latest Living Standards M...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090414093427 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4094 |
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okr-10986-4094 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING ADULT WOMEN AGE GROUPS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHILD CARE CHILD CARE COSTS CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION CONTROL OVER RESOURCES COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN CREDIT ACCESS CREDIT CONSTRAINTS CULTURAL NORMS DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABLED DISADVANTAGED GROUPS EARNING EARNING CAPACITY EARNINGS ECONOMIC CHANGES ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMICS EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PATTERN EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RATES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPOWERMENT EXCLUSION EXCLUSION RESTRICTION EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXTENDED FAMILY EXTERNAL MIGRATION FAMILIES FAMILY DECISION FAMILY FARM FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY REUNIFICATION FAMILY STRUCTURE FEMALE CHILDREN FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE WAGE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE WORK FERTILITY FIXED COSTS FOREIGN LABOR FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER GENDER ASPECTS GENDER BIAS GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUITY GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITIES GENDER RELATIONS GENDER SPECIFIC GROUP OF WOMEN HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD HOME LABOR HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBAND HUSBANDS ILLNESS IMPACT OF MIGRATION INFLOW OF REMITTANCES INFORMAL LABOR MARKET INFORMAL SECTOR INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES JOB STATUS JOBS LABOR COMPENSATION LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR FORCE POPULATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKET SITUATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR MOBILITY LABOR RELATIONS LABOR SUPPLIES LABOR SUPPLY LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL LABOR MARKET LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MARKET CONSTRAINTS MARKET ECONOMY MARKET WAGE MARKET WAGES MARRIED WOMEN MIGRANT MIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS MIGRANTS MIGRATION DECISIONS MIGRATION EXPERIENCE MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION PROCESS MIGRATION STATUS MODERNIZATION NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE NEW MARKET NUMBER OF CHILDREN OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS OLDER WOMEN OPPORTUNITY COSTS PAID WORKER PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN PENSIONS PERMANENT JOB PHYSICAL CAPITAL POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POTENTIAL MIGRANTS PREVIOUS JOB PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT RECEIPT REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REMUNERATIVE EMPLOYMENT RENTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RETIREMENT RETURNEES SECONDARY EDUCATION SELF EMPLOYED SELF-EMPLOYMENT SKILLED LABOR SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIOLOGISTS SPOUSE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEMPORARY MIGRANTS TEMPORARY MIGRATION TEMPORARY WORKERS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL LABOR FORCE TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS UNPAID WORKERS URBAN POVERTY WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WOMAN WORK FORCE WORKER WORKING WOMEN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MEN YOUNG WOMEN |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING ADULT WOMEN AGE GROUPS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHILD CARE CHILD CARE COSTS CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION CONTROL OVER RESOURCES COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN CREDIT ACCESS CREDIT CONSTRAINTS CULTURAL NORMS DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABLED DISADVANTAGED GROUPS EARNING EARNING CAPACITY EARNINGS ECONOMIC CHANGES ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMICS EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PATTERN EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RATES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPOWERMENT EXCLUSION EXCLUSION RESTRICTION EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXTENDED FAMILY EXTERNAL MIGRATION FAMILIES FAMILY DECISION FAMILY FARM FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY REUNIFICATION FAMILY STRUCTURE FEMALE CHILDREN FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE WAGE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE WORK FERTILITY FIXED COSTS FOREIGN LABOR FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER GENDER ASPECTS GENDER BIAS GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUITY GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITIES GENDER RELATIONS GENDER SPECIFIC GROUP OF WOMEN HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD HOME LABOR HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBAND HUSBANDS ILLNESS IMPACT OF MIGRATION INFLOW OF REMITTANCES INFORMAL LABOR MARKET INFORMAL SECTOR INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES JOB STATUS JOBS LABOR COMPENSATION LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR FORCE POPULATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKET SITUATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR MOBILITY LABOR RELATIONS LABOR SUPPLIES LABOR SUPPLY LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL LABOR MARKET LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MARKET CONSTRAINTS MARKET ECONOMY MARKET WAGE MARKET WAGES MARRIED WOMEN MIGRANT MIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS MIGRANTS MIGRATION DECISIONS MIGRATION EXPERIENCE MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION PROCESS MIGRATION STATUS MODERNIZATION NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE NEW MARKET NUMBER OF CHILDREN OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS OLDER WOMEN OPPORTUNITY COSTS PAID WORKER PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN PENSIONS PERMANENT JOB PHYSICAL CAPITAL POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POTENTIAL MIGRANTS PREVIOUS JOB PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT RECEIPT REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REMUNERATIVE EMPLOYMENT RENTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RETIREMENT RETURNEES SECONDARY EDUCATION SELF EMPLOYED SELF-EMPLOYMENT SKILLED LABOR SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIOLOGISTS SPOUSE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEMPORARY MIGRANTS TEMPORARY MIGRATION TEMPORARY WORKERS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL LABOR FORCE TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS UNPAID WORKERS URBAN POVERTY WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WOMAN WORK FORCE WORKER WORKING WOMEN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MEN YOUNG WOMEN Mendola, Mariapia Carletto, Gero International Migration and Gender Differentials in the Home Labor Market : Evidence from Albania |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Europe and Central Asia Europe Eastern Europe Albania |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4900 |
| description |
This paper examines the role of
male-dominated international migration in shaping labor
market outcomes by gender in migrant-sending households in
Albania. Using detailed information on family migration
experience from the latest Living Standards Measurement
Study survey, the authors find that male and female labor
supplies respond differently to the current and past
migration episodes of household members. Controlling for the
potential endogeneity of migration and for the income
(remittances) effect, the estimates show that having a
migrant abroad decreases female paid labor supply and
increases unpaid work. However, women with past family
migration experience are significantly more likely to engage
in self-employment and less likely to supply unpaid work.
The same relationships do not hold for men. These findings
suggest that over time male-dominated Albanian migration may
lead to women's empowerment in access to income-earning
opportunities at the origin. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Mendola, Mariapia Carletto, Gero |
| author_facet |
Mendola, Mariapia Carletto, Gero |
| author_sort |
Mendola, Mariapia |
| title |
International Migration and Gender Differentials in the Home Labor Market : Evidence from Albania |
| title_short |
International Migration and Gender Differentials in the Home Labor Market : Evidence from Albania |
| title_full |
International Migration and Gender Differentials in the Home Labor Market : Evidence from Albania |
| title_fullStr |
International Migration and Gender Differentials in the Home Labor Market : Evidence from Albania |
| title_full_unstemmed |
International Migration and Gender Differentials in the Home Labor Market : Evidence from Albania |
| title_sort |
international migration and gender differentials in the home labor market : evidence from albania |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090414093427 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4094 |
| _version_ |
1764389892228382720 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-40942021-04-23T14:02:15Z International Migration and Gender Differentials in the Home Labor Market : Evidence from Albania Mendola, Mariapia Carletto, Gero ACCOUNTING ADULT WOMEN AGE GROUPS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHILD CARE CHILD CARE COSTS CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION CONTROL OVER RESOURCES COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN CREDIT ACCESS CREDIT CONSTRAINTS CULTURAL NORMS DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABLED DISADVANTAGED GROUPS EARNING EARNING CAPACITY EARNINGS ECONOMIC CHANGES ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMICS EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PATTERN EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RATES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPOWERMENT EXCLUSION EXCLUSION RESTRICTION EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXTENDED FAMILY EXTERNAL MIGRATION FAMILIES FAMILY DECISION FAMILY FARM FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY REUNIFICATION FAMILY STRUCTURE FEMALE CHILDREN FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE WAGE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE WORK FERTILITY FIXED COSTS FOREIGN LABOR FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER GENDER ASPECTS GENDER BIAS GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUITY GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITIES GENDER RELATIONS GENDER SPECIFIC GROUP OF WOMEN HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD HOME LABOR HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBAND HUSBANDS ILLNESS IMPACT OF MIGRATION INFLOW OF REMITTANCES INFORMAL LABOR MARKET INFORMAL SECTOR INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES JOB STATUS JOBS LABOR COMPENSATION LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR FORCE POPULATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKET SITUATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR MOBILITY LABOR RELATIONS LABOR SUPPLIES LABOR SUPPLY LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL LABOR MARKET LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MARKET CONSTRAINTS MARKET ECONOMY MARKET WAGE MARKET WAGES MARRIED WOMEN MIGRANT MIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS MIGRANTS MIGRATION DECISIONS MIGRATION EXPERIENCE MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION PROCESS MIGRATION STATUS MODERNIZATION NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE NEW MARKET NUMBER OF CHILDREN OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS OLDER WOMEN OPPORTUNITY COSTS PAID WORKER PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN PENSIONS PERMANENT JOB PHYSICAL CAPITAL POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POTENTIAL MIGRANTS PREVIOUS JOB PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT RECEIPT REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REMUNERATIVE EMPLOYMENT RENTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RETIREMENT RETURNEES SECONDARY EDUCATION SELF EMPLOYED SELF-EMPLOYMENT SKILLED LABOR SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIOLOGISTS SPOUSE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEMPORARY MIGRANTS TEMPORARY MIGRATION TEMPORARY WORKERS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL LABOR FORCE TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS UNPAID WORKERS URBAN POVERTY WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WOMAN WORK FORCE WORKER WORKING WOMEN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MEN YOUNG WOMEN This paper examines the role of male-dominated international migration in shaping labor market outcomes by gender in migrant-sending households in Albania. Using detailed information on family migration experience from the latest Living Standards Measurement Study survey, the authors find that male and female labor supplies respond differently to the current and past migration episodes of household members. Controlling for the potential endogeneity of migration and for the income (remittances) effect, the estimates show that having a migrant abroad decreases female paid labor supply and increases unpaid work. However, women with past family migration experience are significantly more likely to engage in self-employment and less likely to supply unpaid work. The same relationships do not hold for men. These findings suggest that over time male-dominated Albanian migration may lead to women's empowerment in access to income-earning opportunities at the origin. 2012-03-19T19:09:53Z 2012-03-19T19:09:53Z 2009-04-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090414093427 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4094 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4900 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Europe and Central Asia Europe Eastern Europe Albania |