Wealth : Crucial but Not Sufficient Evidence from Pakistan on Economic Growth, Child Labor, and Schooling
The relationship between wealth and child labor has been widely examined. This paper uses three rounds of time-series, cross-sectional data to examine the relationship between wealth and child labor and schooling. The paper finds that wealth is cru...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090203154242 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4028 |
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okr-10986-40282021-04-23T14:02:14Z Wealth : Crucial but Not Sufficient Evidence from Pakistan on Economic Growth, Child Labor, and Schooling Hou, Xiaohui ADOLESCENTS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BASIC NEEDS BULLETIN CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS CASH TRANSFERS CHILD EDUCATION CHILD LABOR COMPULSORY SCHOOLING COST-EFFECTIVENESS CULTURAL CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH DROUGHT EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATION VARIABLES EMPLOYMENT STATUS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILIES FEMALE TEACHERS FOOD POLICY GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER GAP HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY INCOME INTERVENTIONS INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LAND OWNERSHIP LEARNING MIDDLE SCHOOL MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS NATIONAL LEVEL NUMBER OF GIRLS NUMBER OF WOMEN POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR CHILDREN POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION COUNCIL POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ACCESS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROGRESS QUALIFIED TEACHERS QUALITY OF EDUCATION REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES RESIDENCE STATUS RURAL RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL BOYS RURAL CHILDREN RURAL GIRLS SAFETY NETS SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SCHOOLS FOR GIRLS SEX SOCIAL SCIENCE TARGETING TEACHING TRANSPORTATION UNFPA UNMARRIED GIRLS URBAN AREAS URBAN GIRLS YOUTH The relationship between wealth and child labor has been widely examined. This paper uses three rounds of time-series, cross-sectional data to examine the relationship between wealth and child labor and schooling. The paper finds that wealth is crucial in determining a child's activities, but that this factor is far from being a sufficient condition to enroll a child in school. This is particularly the case for rural girls. Nonparametric analysis shows a universal increase in school enrollment for rural girls from 1998 to 2006. This increase is independent of wealth (measured by per capita expenditure). Multinomial logit regression further shows that wealth is insignificant in determining rural girls' activity decisions. Thus, interventions to increase school enrollment should incorporate broad-targeted, demand-side interventions as well as supply-side interventions. 2012-03-19T19:08:38Z 2012-03-19T19:08:38Z 2009-02-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090203154242 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4028 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4831 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper South Asia South Asia South Asia Asia Pakistan |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ADOLESCENTS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BASIC NEEDS BULLETIN CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS CASH TRANSFERS CHILD EDUCATION CHILD LABOR COMPULSORY SCHOOLING COST-EFFECTIVENESS CULTURAL CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH DROUGHT EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATION VARIABLES EMPLOYMENT STATUS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILIES FEMALE TEACHERS FOOD POLICY GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER GAP HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY INCOME INTERVENTIONS INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LAND OWNERSHIP LEARNING MIDDLE SCHOOL MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS NATIONAL LEVEL NUMBER OF GIRLS NUMBER OF WOMEN POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR CHILDREN POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION COUNCIL POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ACCESS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROGRESS QUALIFIED TEACHERS QUALITY OF EDUCATION REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES RESIDENCE STATUS RURAL RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL BOYS RURAL CHILDREN RURAL GIRLS SAFETY NETS SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SCHOOLS FOR GIRLS SEX SOCIAL SCIENCE TARGETING TEACHING TRANSPORTATION UNFPA UNMARRIED GIRLS URBAN AREAS URBAN GIRLS YOUTH |
| spellingShingle |
ADOLESCENTS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BASIC NEEDS BULLETIN CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS CASH TRANSFERS CHILD EDUCATION CHILD LABOR COMPULSORY SCHOOLING COST-EFFECTIVENESS CULTURAL CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH DROUGHT EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATION VARIABLES EMPLOYMENT STATUS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILIES FEMALE TEACHERS FOOD POLICY GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER GAP HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY INCOME INTERVENTIONS INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LAND OWNERSHIP LEARNING MIDDLE SCHOOL MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS NATIONAL LEVEL NUMBER OF GIRLS NUMBER OF WOMEN POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR POOR CHILDREN POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION COUNCIL POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ACCESS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROGRESS QUALIFIED TEACHERS QUALITY OF EDUCATION REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES RESIDENCE STATUS RURAL RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL BOYS RURAL CHILDREN RURAL GIRLS SAFETY NETS SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SCHOOLS FOR GIRLS SEX SOCIAL SCIENCE TARGETING TEACHING TRANSPORTATION UNFPA UNMARRIED GIRLS URBAN AREAS URBAN GIRLS YOUTH Hou, Xiaohui Wealth : Crucial but Not Sufficient Evidence from Pakistan on Economic Growth, Child Labor, and Schooling |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia South Asia South Asia Asia Pakistan |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4831 |
| description |
The relationship between wealth and
child labor has been widely examined. This paper uses three
rounds of time-series, cross-sectional data to examine the
relationship between wealth and child labor and schooling.
The paper finds that wealth is crucial in determining a
child's activities, but that this factor is far from
being a sufficient condition to enroll a child in school.
This is particularly the case for rural girls. Nonparametric
analysis shows a universal increase in school enrollment for
rural girls from 1998 to 2006. This increase is independent
of wealth (measured by per capita expenditure). Multinomial
logit regression further shows that wealth is insignificant
in determining rural girls' activity decisions. Thus,
interventions to increase school enrollment should
incorporate broad-targeted, demand-side interventions as
well as supply-side interventions. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Hou, Xiaohui |
| author_facet |
Hou, Xiaohui |
| author_sort |
Hou, Xiaohui |
| title |
Wealth : Crucial but Not Sufficient Evidence from Pakistan on Economic Growth, Child Labor, and Schooling |
| title_short |
Wealth : Crucial but Not Sufficient Evidence from Pakistan on Economic Growth, Child Labor, and Schooling |
| title_full |
Wealth : Crucial but Not Sufficient Evidence from Pakistan on Economic Growth, Child Labor, and Schooling |
| title_fullStr |
Wealth : Crucial but Not Sufficient Evidence from Pakistan on Economic Growth, Child Labor, and Schooling |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Wealth : Crucial but Not Sufficient Evidence from Pakistan on Economic Growth, Child Labor, and Schooling |
| title_sort |
wealth : crucial but not sufficient evidence from pakistan on economic growth, child labor, and schooling |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090203154242 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4028 |
| _version_ |
1764389572994662400 |