The developing world's bulging (but vulnerable) "middle class"
The "developing world's middle class" is defined here as those who are not poor when judged by the median poverty line of developing countries, but are still poor by US standards. The "Western middle class" is defined as th...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090112143046 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4013 |
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okr-10986-4013 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE TERMS ABSOLUTE VALUE AGGREGATE POVERTY AID EFFECTIVENESS ANNUALIZED CHANGE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE BASIC NEEDS CHANGES IN POVERTY CHINESE POPULATION CITIZENS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA COUNTERFACTUAL COUNTRY LEVEL CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES CULTURAL CHANGE CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION CURRENT POVERTY DATA SET DENSITY FUNCTION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGE DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS ECONOMIC CONTRACTION ECONOMIC CONTRACTIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS ECONOMICS LETTERS EMPIRICAL ESTIMATES EMPIRICAL FINDINGS EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EXTREME POVERTY FALLING POVERTY FEWER PEOPLE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY FINANCIAL CRISIS GINI INDEX GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL POVERTY GROWING ECONOMY GROWTH EFFECT GROWTH ELASTICITY GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATES GROWTH REGRESSIONS HETEROSKEDASTICITY HIGH GROWTH HIGH INEQUALITY HIGH INEQUALITY COUNTRIES HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME GROWTH INCOME GROWTH RATE INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOMES INCREASE INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY MEASURE INEQUALITY MEASUREMENT LEVEL OF POVERTY LOG GINI MEAN CHANGE MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEASUREMENT ERROR MEASUREMENT ERRORS MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY MEDIAN POVERTY MIDDLE CLASS MIDDLE CLASS CONSENSUS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL COUNCIL NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL POVERTY LINES NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE VALUE NUMBER OF PEOPLE POLARIZATION MEASURES POLICY REFORM POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR COUNTRIES POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION SHARE POPULOUS COUNTRIES POSITIVE CORRELATION POSITIVE GROWTH POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LEVEL POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION POWER PARITY PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PROGRESS PROMOTING GROWTH PROPORTIONATE CHANGES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RATE OF GROWTH REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION RESPECT RICH COUNTRIES RURAL AREAS SECTORAL COMPOSITION SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE SPILLOVER URBAN AREAS URBAN BIAS VULNERABILITY WORLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION |
| spellingShingle |
ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE TERMS ABSOLUTE VALUE AGGREGATE POVERTY AID EFFECTIVENESS ANNUALIZED CHANGE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE BASIC NEEDS CHANGES IN POVERTY CHINESE POPULATION CITIZENS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA COUNTERFACTUAL COUNTRY LEVEL CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES CULTURAL CHANGE CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION CURRENT POVERTY DATA SET DENSITY FUNCTION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGE DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS ECONOMIC CONTRACTION ECONOMIC CONTRACTIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS ECONOMICS LETTERS EMPIRICAL ESTIMATES EMPIRICAL FINDINGS EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EXTREME POVERTY FALLING POVERTY FEWER PEOPLE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY FINANCIAL CRISIS GINI INDEX GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL POVERTY GROWING ECONOMY GROWTH EFFECT GROWTH ELASTICITY GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATES GROWTH REGRESSIONS HETEROSKEDASTICITY HIGH GROWTH HIGH INEQUALITY HIGH INEQUALITY COUNTRIES HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME GROWTH INCOME GROWTH RATE INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOMES INCREASE INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY MEASURE INEQUALITY MEASUREMENT LEVEL OF POVERTY LOG GINI MEAN CHANGE MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEASUREMENT ERROR MEASUREMENT ERRORS MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY MEDIAN POVERTY MIDDLE CLASS MIDDLE CLASS CONSENSUS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL COUNCIL NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL POVERTY LINES NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE VALUE NUMBER OF PEOPLE POLARIZATION MEASURES POLICY REFORM POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR COUNTRIES POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION SHARE POPULOUS COUNTRIES POSITIVE CORRELATION POSITIVE GROWTH POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LEVEL POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION POWER PARITY PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PROGRESS PROMOTING GROWTH PROPORTIONATE CHANGES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RATE OF GROWTH REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION RESPECT RICH COUNTRIES RURAL AREAS SECTORAL COMPOSITION SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE SPILLOVER URBAN AREAS URBAN BIAS VULNERABILITY WORLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION Ravallion, Martin The developing world's bulging (but vulnerable) "middle class" |
| geographic_facet |
The World Region The World Region |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4816 |
| description |
The "developing world's middle
class" is defined here as those who are not poor when
judged by the median poverty line of developing countries,
but are still poor by US standards. The "Western middle
class" is defined as those who are not poor by US
standards. Although barely 80 million people in the
developing world entered the Western middle class over
1990-2002, economic growth and distributional shifts allowed
an extra 1.2 billion people to join the developing
world's middle class. Four-fifths came from Asia, and
half from China. Most of the new entrants remained fairly
close to poverty, with incomes now bunched up just above $2
a day. The vulnerability of this new middle class to
aggregate economic contractions is evident in the fact that
one in six people in the developing world live between $2
and $3 per day. Over time, the developing world has become
more sharply divided between countries with a large middle
class and those with a relatively small one, with Africa
prominent in the latter group. Poor people in countries with
smaller middle classes may well be more exposed to slowing
economic growth. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Ravallion, Martin |
| author_facet |
Ravallion, Martin |
| author_sort |
Ravallion, Martin |
| title |
The developing world's bulging
(but vulnerable) "middle class" |
| title_short |
The developing world's bulging
(but vulnerable) "middle class" |
| title_full |
The developing world's bulging
(but vulnerable) "middle class" |
| title_fullStr |
The developing world's bulging
(but vulnerable) "middle class" |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The developing world's bulging
(but vulnerable) "middle class" |
| title_sort |
developing world's bulging
(but vulnerable) "middle class" |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090112143046 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4013 |
| _version_ |
1764389499016577024 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-40132021-04-23T14:02:14Z The developing world's bulging (but vulnerable) "middle class" Ravallion, Martin ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE TERMS ABSOLUTE VALUE AGGREGATE POVERTY AID EFFECTIVENESS ANNUALIZED CHANGE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE BASIC NEEDS CHANGES IN POVERTY CHINESE POPULATION CITIZENS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA COUNTERFACTUAL COUNTRY LEVEL CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES CULTURAL CHANGE CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION CURRENT POVERTY DATA SET DENSITY FUNCTION DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGE DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS ECONOMIC CONTRACTION ECONOMIC CONTRACTIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS ECONOMICS LETTERS EMPIRICAL ESTIMATES EMPIRICAL FINDINGS EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EXTREME POVERTY FALLING POVERTY FEWER PEOPLE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY FINANCIAL CRISIS GINI INDEX GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL POVERTY GROWING ECONOMY GROWTH EFFECT GROWTH ELASTICITY GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATES GROWTH REGRESSIONS HETEROSKEDASTICITY HIGH GROWTH HIGH INEQUALITY HIGH INEQUALITY COUNTRIES HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME GROWTH INCOME GROWTH RATE INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOMES INCREASE INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY MEASURE INEQUALITY MEASUREMENT LEVEL OF POVERTY LOG GINI MEAN CHANGE MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN INCOME MEAN INCOMES MEASUREMENT ERROR MEASUREMENT ERRORS MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY MEDIAN POVERTY MIDDLE CLASS MIDDLE CLASS CONSENSUS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL COUNCIL NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL POVERTY LINES NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE VALUE NUMBER OF PEOPLE POLARIZATION MEASURES POLICY REFORM POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR COUNTRIES POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION SHARE POPULOUS COUNTRIES POSITIVE CORRELATION POSITIVE GROWTH POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LEVEL POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION POWER PARITY PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PROGRESS PROMOTING GROWTH PROPORTIONATE CHANGES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RATE OF GROWTH REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION RESPECT RICH COUNTRIES RURAL AREAS SECTORAL COMPOSITION SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE SPILLOVER URBAN AREAS URBAN BIAS VULNERABILITY WORLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION The "developing world's middle class" is defined here as those who are not poor when judged by the median poverty line of developing countries, but are still poor by US standards. The "Western middle class" is defined as those who are not poor by US standards. Although barely 80 million people in the developing world entered the Western middle class over 1990-2002, economic growth and distributional shifts allowed an extra 1.2 billion people to join the developing world's middle class. Four-fifths came from Asia, and half from China. Most of the new entrants remained fairly close to poverty, with incomes now bunched up just above $2 a day. The vulnerability of this new middle class to aggregate economic contractions is evident in the fact that one in six people in the developing world live between $2 and $3 per day. Over time, the developing world has become more sharply divided between countries with a large middle class and those with a relatively small one, with Africa prominent in the latter group. Poor people in countries with smaller middle classes may well be more exposed to slowing economic growth. 2012-03-19T19:08:21Z 2012-03-19T19:08:21Z 2009-01-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090112143046 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4013 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4816 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region |