Cash or Condition? Evidence from a Cash Transfer Experiment
Conditional Cash Transfer programs are "...the world's favorite new anti-poverty device," (The Economist, July 29 2010) yet little is known about the specific role of the conditions in driving their success. In this paper, we evaluat...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101213164231 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3988 |
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okr-10986-39882021-04-23T14:02:14Z Cash or Condition? Evidence from a Cash Transfer Experiment Baird, Sarah McIntosh, Craig Ozler, Berk ACHIEVEMENT TESTS ADOLESCENT FERTILITY ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENTS AGE OF MARRIAGE ATTENDANCE RATE ATTENDANCE RATES ATTENDANCE RECORDS ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENT AVERAGE SCHOOLING BABY BEHAVIOR CHANGE CAREER CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHILDBEARING COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE OUTCOMES COGNITIVE SKILLS COGNITIVE TEST CULTURAL CHANGE CURRICULA DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABILITY DISSEMINATION DIVORCE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATION OF CHILDREN EDUCATIONAL TESTS ENROLLMENT DATA ENROLLMENT INCREASES ENROLLMENT INDICATORS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILY LIFE FAMILY PREFERENCES FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE SCHOOLING FERTILITY FERTILITY RATE FERTILITY RATES FIRST MARRIAGE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT HEALTH CARE HIV HIV INFECTION HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN SCIENCES INTERVENTIONS KNOWLEDGE BASE LABOR MARKET LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF INFORMATION LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LITERATURE LOW BIRTH WEIGHT LOWER FERTILITY MALARIA MARITAL STATUS MARRIAGE AGE MOTHER NATIONAL LEVEL NUMBER OF GIRLS NUTRITION OLD AGE OLD-AGE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES PAPERS PENSIONS PHYSICAL HEALTH POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PREGNANT WOMEN PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRINTING PROGRESS PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS READERS READING READING COMPREHENSION RECORDING ATTENDANCE REGULAR ATTENDANCE REGULAR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE REPETITION RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL EDUCATION SAFETY NETS SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SCHOLASTIC PERFORMANCE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CHILDREN SCHOOL DAYS SCHOOL DROPOUT SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL FEE SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL GIRLS SCHOOL PARTICIPATION SCHOOL SURVEY SCHOOL SURVEYS SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL YEARS SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE GIRLS SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SCIENCE STUDY SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SEXUAL ACTIVITY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SEXUALLY ACTIVE SOCIAL MARKETING SPILLOVER STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT SUBSISTENCE FARMING TEACHER TEACHERS TEEN TEEN PREGNANCY TEENAGE GIRLS TEENAGE PREGNANCIES TEENAGE PREGNANCY TEENAGERS TEST SCORES TESTS OF MATHEMATICS URBAN AREAS VULNERABLE CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MEN YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH Microdata Set Conditional Cash Transfer programs are "...the world's favorite new anti-poverty device," (The Economist, July 29 2010) yet little is known about the specific role of the conditions in driving their success. In this paper, we evaluate a unique cash transfer experiment targeted at adolescent girls in Malawi that featured both a conditional (CCT) and an unconditional (UCT) treatment arm. We find that while there was a modest improvement in school enrollment in the UCT arm in comparison to the control group, this increase is only 43 percent as large as the CCT arm. The CCT arm also outperformed the UCT arm in tests of English reading comprehension. The schooling condition, however, proved costly for important non-schooling outcomes: teenage pregnancy and marriage rates were substantially higher in the CCT than the UCT arm. Our findings suggest that a CCT program for early adolescents that transitions into a UCT for older teenagers would minimize this trade-off by improving schooling outcomes while avoiding the adverse impacts of conditionality on teenage pregnancy and marriage. 2012-03-19T18:43:25Z 2012-03-19T18:43:25Z 2010-03-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101213164231 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3988 English Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Impact Evaluation series ; no. IE 45,Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5259 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Africa Southern Africa Malawi |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACHIEVEMENT TESTS ADOLESCENT FERTILITY ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENTS AGE OF MARRIAGE ATTENDANCE RATE ATTENDANCE RATES ATTENDANCE RECORDS ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENT AVERAGE SCHOOLING BABY BEHAVIOR CHANGE CAREER CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHILDBEARING COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE OUTCOMES COGNITIVE SKILLS COGNITIVE TEST CULTURAL CHANGE CURRICULA DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABILITY DISSEMINATION DIVORCE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATION OF CHILDREN EDUCATIONAL TESTS ENROLLMENT DATA ENROLLMENT INCREASES ENROLLMENT INDICATORS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILY LIFE FAMILY PREFERENCES FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE SCHOOLING FERTILITY FERTILITY RATE FERTILITY RATES FIRST MARRIAGE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT HEALTH CARE HIV HIV INFECTION HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN SCIENCES INTERVENTIONS KNOWLEDGE BASE LABOR MARKET LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF INFORMATION LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LITERATURE LOW BIRTH WEIGHT LOWER FERTILITY MALARIA MARITAL STATUS MARRIAGE AGE MOTHER NATIONAL LEVEL NUMBER OF GIRLS NUTRITION OLD AGE OLD-AGE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES PAPERS PENSIONS PHYSICAL HEALTH POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PREGNANT WOMEN PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRINTING PROGRESS PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS READERS READING READING COMPREHENSION RECORDING ATTENDANCE REGULAR ATTENDANCE REGULAR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE REPETITION RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL EDUCATION SAFETY NETS SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SCHOLASTIC PERFORMANCE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CHILDREN SCHOOL DAYS SCHOOL DROPOUT SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL FEE SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL GIRLS SCHOOL PARTICIPATION SCHOOL SURVEY SCHOOL SURVEYS SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL YEARS SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE GIRLS SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SCIENCE STUDY SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SEXUAL ACTIVITY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SEXUALLY ACTIVE SOCIAL MARKETING SPILLOVER STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT SUBSISTENCE FARMING TEACHER TEACHERS TEEN TEEN PREGNANCY TEENAGE GIRLS TEENAGE PREGNANCIES TEENAGE PREGNANCY TEENAGERS TEST SCORES TESTS OF MATHEMATICS URBAN AREAS VULNERABLE CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MEN YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH Microdata Set |
| spellingShingle |
ACHIEVEMENT TESTS ADOLESCENT FERTILITY ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENTS AGE OF MARRIAGE ATTENDANCE RATE ATTENDANCE RATES ATTENDANCE RECORDS ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENT AVERAGE SCHOOLING BABY BEHAVIOR CHANGE CAREER CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CHILDBEARING COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE OUTCOMES COGNITIVE SKILLS COGNITIVE TEST CULTURAL CHANGE CURRICULA DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISABILITY DISSEMINATION DIVORCE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATION OF CHILDREN EDUCATIONAL TESTS ENROLLMENT DATA ENROLLMENT INCREASES ENROLLMENT INDICATORS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILY LIFE FAMILY PREFERENCES FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE SCHOOLING FERTILITY FERTILITY RATE FERTILITY RATES FIRST MARRIAGE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT HEALTH CARE HIV HIV INFECTION HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN SCIENCES INTERVENTIONS KNOWLEDGE BASE LABOR MARKET LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF INFORMATION LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LITERATURE LOW BIRTH WEIGHT LOWER FERTILITY MALARIA MARITAL STATUS MARRIAGE AGE MOTHER NATIONAL LEVEL NUMBER OF GIRLS NUTRITION OLD AGE OLD-AGE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES PAPERS PENSIONS PHYSICAL HEALTH POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PREGNANT WOMEN PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRINTING PROGRESS PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS READERS READING READING COMPREHENSION RECORDING ATTENDANCE REGULAR ATTENDANCE REGULAR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE REPETITION RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL EDUCATION SAFETY NETS SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SCHOLASTIC PERFORMANCE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CHILDREN SCHOOL DAYS SCHOOL DROPOUT SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL FEE SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL GIRLS SCHOOL PARTICIPATION SCHOOL SURVEY SCHOOL SURVEYS SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL YEARS SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE GIRLS SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SCIENCE STUDY SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SEXUAL ACTIVITY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SEXUALLY ACTIVE SOCIAL MARKETING SPILLOVER STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT SUBSISTENCE FARMING TEACHER TEACHERS TEEN TEEN PREGNANCY TEENAGE GIRLS TEENAGE PREGNANCIES TEENAGE PREGNANCY TEENAGERS TEST SCORES TESTS OF MATHEMATICS URBAN AREAS VULNERABLE CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MEN YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH Microdata Set Baird, Sarah McIntosh, Craig Ozler, Berk Cash or Condition? Evidence from a Cash Transfer Experiment |
| geographic_facet |
Africa Southern Africa Malawi |
| relation |
Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change
Program (KCP),Impact Evaluation series ; no. IE 45,Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5259 |
| description |
Conditional Cash Transfer programs are
"...the world's favorite new anti-poverty
device," (The Economist, July 29 2010) yet little is
known about the specific role of the conditions in driving
their success. In this paper, we evaluate a unique cash
transfer experiment targeted at adolescent girls in Malawi
that featured both a conditional (CCT) and an unconditional
(UCT) treatment arm. We find that while there was a modest
improvement in school enrollment in the UCT arm in
comparison to the control group, this increase is only 43
percent as large as the CCT arm. The CCT arm also
outperformed the UCT arm in tests of English reading
comprehension. The schooling condition, however, proved
costly for important non-schooling outcomes: teenage
pregnancy and marriage rates were substantially higher in
the CCT than the UCT arm. Our findings suggest that a CCT
program for early adolescents that transitions into a UCT
for older teenagers would minimize this trade-off by
improving schooling outcomes while avoiding the adverse
impacts of conditionality on teenage pregnancy and marriage. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Baird, Sarah McIntosh, Craig Ozler, Berk |
| author_facet |
Baird, Sarah McIntosh, Craig Ozler, Berk |
| author_sort |
Baird, Sarah |
| title |
Cash or Condition? Evidence from a Cash Transfer Experiment |
| title_short |
Cash or Condition? Evidence from a Cash Transfer Experiment |
| title_full |
Cash or Condition? Evidence from a Cash Transfer Experiment |
| title_fullStr |
Cash or Condition? Evidence from a Cash Transfer Experiment |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Cash or Condition? Evidence from a Cash Transfer Experiment |
| title_sort |
cash or condition? evidence from a cash transfer experiment |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101213164231 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3988 |
| _version_ |
1764389362100862976 |