Shadow Economies All over the World : New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007
This paper presents estimations of the shadow economies for 162 countries, including developing, Eastern European, Central Asian, and high-income countries over the period 1999 to 2006/2007. According to the estimations, the weighted average size o...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2012
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101014160704 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3928 |
| id |
okr-10986-3928 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| spelling |
okr-10986-39282021-04-23T14:02:13Z Shadow Economies All over the World : New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007 Schneider, Friedrich Buehn, Andreas Montenegro, Claudio E. ABSOLUTE VALUES AGGREGATE DEMAND ANNUAL GROWTH BASE YEAR BENCHMARK BENCHMARKING BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS REGULATION CAPITAL STOCK COMPROMISES CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONTROL VARIABLE COVARIANCE MATRIX CREDIBILITY CURRENCY CURRENCY DEMAND DATA AVAILABILITY DEPOSITS DEREGULATION DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISTORTION DRUG ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC THEORY ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUILIBRIUM ERROR TERM ERROR TERMS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES FOREIGNERS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNANCE INDICATORS GOVERNMENT REGULATION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES IMPACT OF REGULATION IMPORT IMPORT QUOTAS INCOME INCOME TAX INDICATOR VARIABLE INDICATOR VARIABLES INTERNATIONAL BANK LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS M1 MARKET ECONOMIES MARKET REGULATIONS MARKET STANDARDS MEETING MONEY MARKETS OUTPUT PARTICULAR COUNTRY PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY FORMULATION PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RECESSION RECONSTRUCTION REGRESSION ANALYSIS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK RULE OF LAW SAFETY NET TAX TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TAXATION TRADE BARRIERS TRANSITION COUNTRIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES VALUE ADDED WAGES WIDELY USED CURRENCY This paper presents estimations of the shadow economies for 162 countries, including developing, Eastern European, Central Asian, and high-income countries over the period 1999 to 2006/2007. According to the estimations, the weighted average size of the shadow economy (as a percentage of "official" gross domestic product) in Sub-Saharan Africa is 38.4 percent; in Europe and Central Asia (mostly transition countries), it is 36.5 percent, and in high-income OECD countries, it is 13.5 percent. The authors find a clear negative trend in the size of the shadow economy: The unweighted average of the 162 countries in 1999 was 34.0 percent and in 2007 31.0 percent; hence a reduction of 3 percentage points!.The driving forces of the shadow economy are an increased burden of taxation (both direct and indirect), combined with labor market regulations and the quality of public goods and services, as well as the state of the "official" economy. 2012-03-19T18:42:20Z 2012-03-19T18:42:20Z 2010-06-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101014160704 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3928 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5356 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABSOLUTE VALUES AGGREGATE DEMAND ANNUAL GROWTH BASE YEAR BENCHMARK BENCHMARKING BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS REGULATION CAPITAL STOCK COMPROMISES CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONTROL VARIABLE COVARIANCE MATRIX CREDIBILITY CURRENCY CURRENCY DEMAND DATA AVAILABILITY DEPOSITS DEREGULATION DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISTORTION DRUG ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC THEORY ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUILIBRIUM ERROR TERM ERROR TERMS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES FOREIGNERS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNANCE INDICATORS GOVERNMENT REGULATION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES IMPACT OF REGULATION IMPORT IMPORT QUOTAS INCOME INCOME TAX INDICATOR VARIABLE INDICATOR VARIABLES INTERNATIONAL BANK LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS M1 MARKET ECONOMIES MARKET REGULATIONS MARKET STANDARDS MEETING MONEY MARKETS OUTPUT PARTICULAR COUNTRY PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY FORMULATION PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RECESSION RECONSTRUCTION REGRESSION ANALYSIS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK RULE OF LAW SAFETY NET TAX TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TAXATION TRADE BARRIERS TRANSITION COUNTRIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES VALUE ADDED WAGES WIDELY USED CURRENCY |
| spellingShingle |
ABSOLUTE VALUES AGGREGATE DEMAND ANNUAL GROWTH BASE YEAR BENCHMARK BENCHMARKING BUSINESS CLIMATE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS REGULATION CAPITAL STOCK COMPROMISES CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONTROL VARIABLE COVARIANCE MATRIX CREDIBILITY CURRENCY CURRENCY DEMAND DATA AVAILABILITY DEPOSITS DEREGULATION DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISTORTION DRUG ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC THEORY ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUILIBRIUM ERROR TERM ERROR TERMS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES FOREIGNERS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNANCE INDICATORS GOVERNMENT REGULATION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES IMPACT OF REGULATION IMPORT IMPORT QUOTAS INCOME INCOME TAX INDICATOR VARIABLE INDICATOR VARIABLES INTERNATIONAL BANK LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS M1 MARKET ECONOMIES MARKET REGULATIONS MARKET STANDARDS MEETING MONEY MARKETS OUTPUT PARTICULAR COUNTRY PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY FORMULATION PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RECESSION RECONSTRUCTION REGRESSION ANALYSIS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK RULE OF LAW SAFETY NET TAX TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TAXATION TRADE BARRIERS TRANSITION COUNTRIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES VALUE ADDED WAGES WIDELY USED CURRENCY Schneider, Friedrich Buehn, Andreas Montenegro, Claudio E. Shadow Economies All over the World : New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007 |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5356 |
| description |
This paper presents estimations of the
shadow economies for 162 countries, including developing,
Eastern European, Central Asian, and high-income countries
over the period 1999 to 2006/2007. According to the
estimations, the weighted average size of the shadow economy
(as a percentage of "official" gross domestic
product) in Sub-Saharan Africa is 38.4 percent; in Europe
and Central Asia (mostly transition countries), it is 36.5
percent, and in high-income OECD countries, it is 13.5
percent. The authors find a clear negative trend in the size
of the shadow economy: The unweighted average of the 162
countries in 1999 was 34.0 percent and in 2007 31.0 percent;
hence a reduction of 3 percentage points!.The driving forces
of the shadow economy are an increased burden of taxation
(both direct and indirect), combined with labor market
regulations and the quality of public goods and services, as
well as the state of the "official" economy. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Schneider, Friedrich Buehn, Andreas Montenegro, Claudio E. |
| author_facet |
Schneider, Friedrich Buehn, Andreas Montenegro, Claudio E. |
| author_sort |
Schneider, Friedrich |
| title |
Shadow Economies All over the World : New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007 |
| title_short |
Shadow Economies All over the World : New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007 |
| title_full |
Shadow Economies All over the World : New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007 |
| title_fullStr |
Shadow Economies All over the World : New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Shadow Economies All over the World : New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007 |
| title_sort |
shadow economies all over the world : new estimates for 162 countries from 1999 to 2007 |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101014160704 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3928 |
| _version_ |
1764389064057815040 |