Integrating Land Financing into Subnational Fiscal Management

Land assets have become an important source of financing capital investments by subnational governments in developing countries. Land assets, often with billions of dollars per transaction, rival and sometimes surpass subnational borrowing or fisca...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Peterson, George E., Kaganova, Olga
Format: Policy Research Working Paper
Language:English
Published: 2012
Subjects:
TAX
Online Access:http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100831151725
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3894
id okr-10986-3894
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS
AMOUNT OF DEBT
ASSET BASE
ASSET MANAGEMENT
ASSET SALE PROCEEDS
ASSET SALES
ASSET VALUE
AUCTION
BAILOUTS
BALANCE SHEET
BALANCE SHEETS
BANK LENDING
BANK LOANS
BANKING REGULATIONS
BIDS
BOND
BOND ISSUANCE
BORROWING
BOURSE
CAPITAL BUDGETS
CAPITAL FLOWS
CAPITAL FORMATION
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
CASH ACCOUNTING
CASH FLOW
CENTRAL BANK
COLLATERAL
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMPETITIVE AUCTIONS
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
COST OF CAPITAL
CREDIT DEFAULTS
CREDIT MARKETS
CREDIT POLICIES
CREDIT RATING
CREDIT RATING AGENCIES
CREDIT RISK
CREDITWORTHINESS
DEBT
DEBT CAPACITY
DEBT CRISES
DEBT ISSUANCE
DEBT MANAGEMENT
DEBT MARKETS
DEBT OBLIGATIONS
DEBT REPAYMENT
DEBT SERVICE
DEBT SERVICING
DECENTRALIZATION
DEFAULT RATES
DEFAULTS
DEREGULATION
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT BANK
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
EXPENDITURE
EXPROPRIATION
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
FINANCIAL CRISES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
FINANCIAL REPORTING
FINANCIAL RISK
FINANCIAL RISKS
FINANCIAL STABILITY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCING SOURCES
FISCAL DEFICITS
FISCAL MANAGEMENT
FISCAL REFORMS
FISCAL TRANSPARENCY
FOREIGN CURRENCY
FOREIGN CURRENCY DEBT
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
GOVERNMENT BONDS
GOVERNMENT BORROWING
GOVERNMENT DEBT
GOVERNMENT GUARANTEE
GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES
GOVERNMENT REFORM
GOVERNMENT REVENUE
HOLDING
HOUSING
INFLATION
INFORMATION SYSTEM
INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE
INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS
INSTRUMENT
INTEREST RATES
INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL
INVENTORIES
INVENTORY
INVESTMENT ACTIVITY
INVESTMENT PURPOSES
LAND AS COLLATERAL
LAND DEVELOPMENT
LAND HOLDINGS
LAND MANAGEMENT
LAND OWNERSHIP
LAND PARCEL
LAND PARCELS
LAND POLICY
LAND PRICES
LAND PRICING
LAND SUPPLY
LAND USE
LAND VALUE
LAND VALUES
LANDOWNER
LANDOWNERS
LAWS
LEGISLATION
LIABILITY
LIABILITY SIDE
LOAN
LOAN GUARANTEES
LOAN REPAYMENTS
LOCAL DEBT
LOCAL FINANCE
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE
LOCAL REVENUE
LOSS OF REVENUES
MACROECONOMIC RISKS
MARKET PRICES
MARKET RISK
MARKET VALUE
METROPOLITAN AREAS
MONETARY MANAGEMENT
MUNICIPAL BONDS
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS
MUNICIPALITIES
NATIONAL BUDGET
NATIONAL CREDIT
NATIONAL CREDIT MARKET
OPERATING EXPENDITURES
OPERATING EXPENSES
OPPORTUNITY COSTS
OUTSTANDING DEBT
PENSION
POLITICAL ECONOMY
PORTS
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE
PRESENT VALUE
PRICE DISCOVERY
PRICE VOLATILITY
PRIVATE LENDERS
PRIVATE PARTIES
PRIVATE PROPERTY
PRIVATE SECTOR
PROPERTY TAX ASSESSMENTS
PROPERTY TAXES
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS
PROVISIONS
PUBLIC
PUBLIC AGENCIES
PUBLIC ASSETS
PUBLIC ENTERPRISES
PUBLIC FINANCE
PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
PUBLIC INVESTMENT
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP
PUBLIC POLICY
PUBLIC PROPERTY
PUBLIC SECTOR
PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING
PUBLIC SERVICE
PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION
PUBLIC USE
PUBLIC WORKS
RATING AGENCIES
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
REPAYMENT CAPACITY
RETURN
REVENUE SHARING
REVENUE SOURCES
RISK EXPOSURE
RISK MANAGEMENT
RISKY ASSET
ROADS
SAVINGS
SUBNATIONAL BUDGETING
SUBNATIONAL BUDGETS
SUBNATIONAL FINANCE
SUBNATIONAL FINANCES
SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT FINANCE
SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
SUBSIDIARIES
SUBSIDIARY
SYSTEMIC RISK
TAX
TAX COLLECTIONS
TAX RATES
TAX SYSTEM
TERMS OF CREDITS
TRANSACTION
TRANSPARENCY
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
URBAN GROWTH
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT
URBAN PLANNING
UTILITIES
VALUABLE ASSET
VALUATION
VALUATION TECHNIQUES
VALUATIONS
spellingShingle ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS
AMOUNT OF DEBT
ASSET BASE
ASSET MANAGEMENT
ASSET SALE PROCEEDS
ASSET SALES
ASSET VALUE
AUCTION
BAILOUTS
BALANCE SHEET
BALANCE SHEETS
BANK LENDING
BANK LOANS
BANKING REGULATIONS
BIDS
BOND
BOND ISSUANCE
BORROWING
BOURSE
CAPITAL BUDGETS
CAPITAL FLOWS
CAPITAL FORMATION
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
CASH ACCOUNTING
CASH FLOW
CENTRAL BANK
COLLATERAL
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMPETITIVE AUCTIONS
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
COST OF CAPITAL
CREDIT DEFAULTS
CREDIT MARKETS
CREDIT POLICIES
CREDIT RATING
CREDIT RATING AGENCIES
CREDIT RISK
CREDITWORTHINESS
DEBT
DEBT CAPACITY
DEBT CRISES
DEBT ISSUANCE
DEBT MANAGEMENT
DEBT MARKETS
DEBT OBLIGATIONS
DEBT REPAYMENT
DEBT SERVICE
DEBT SERVICING
DECENTRALIZATION
DEFAULT RATES
DEFAULTS
DEREGULATION
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT BANK
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
EXPENDITURE
EXPROPRIATION
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
FINANCIAL CRISES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
FINANCIAL REPORTING
FINANCIAL RISK
FINANCIAL RISKS
FINANCIAL STABILITY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCING SOURCES
FISCAL DEFICITS
FISCAL MANAGEMENT
FISCAL REFORMS
FISCAL TRANSPARENCY
FOREIGN CURRENCY
FOREIGN CURRENCY DEBT
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
GOVERNMENT BONDS
GOVERNMENT BORROWING
GOVERNMENT DEBT
GOVERNMENT GUARANTEE
GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES
GOVERNMENT REFORM
GOVERNMENT REVENUE
HOLDING
HOUSING
INFLATION
INFORMATION SYSTEM
INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE
INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS
INSTRUMENT
INTEREST RATES
INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL
INVENTORIES
INVENTORY
INVESTMENT ACTIVITY
INVESTMENT PURPOSES
LAND AS COLLATERAL
LAND DEVELOPMENT
LAND HOLDINGS
LAND MANAGEMENT
LAND OWNERSHIP
LAND PARCEL
LAND PARCELS
LAND POLICY
LAND PRICES
LAND PRICING
LAND SUPPLY
LAND USE
LAND VALUE
LAND VALUES
LANDOWNER
LANDOWNERS
LAWS
LEGISLATION
LIABILITY
LIABILITY SIDE
LOAN
LOAN GUARANTEES
LOAN REPAYMENTS
LOCAL DEBT
LOCAL FINANCE
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE
LOCAL REVENUE
LOSS OF REVENUES
MACROECONOMIC RISKS
MARKET PRICES
MARKET RISK
MARKET VALUE
METROPOLITAN AREAS
MONETARY MANAGEMENT
MUNICIPAL BONDS
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS
MUNICIPALITIES
NATIONAL BUDGET
NATIONAL CREDIT
NATIONAL CREDIT MARKET
OPERATING EXPENDITURES
OPERATING EXPENSES
OPPORTUNITY COSTS
OUTSTANDING DEBT
PENSION
POLITICAL ECONOMY
PORTS
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE
PRESENT VALUE
PRICE DISCOVERY
PRICE VOLATILITY
PRIVATE LENDERS
PRIVATE PARTIES
PRIVATE PROPERTY
PRIVATE SECTOR
PROPERTY TAX ASSESSMENTS
PROPERTY TAXES
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS
PROVISIONS
PUBLIC
PUBLIC AGENCIES
PUBLIC ASSETS
PUBLIC ENTERPRISES
PUBLIC FINANCE
PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
PUBLIC INVESTMENT
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP
PUBLIC POLICY
PUBLIC PROPERTY
PUBLIC SECTOR
PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING
PUBLIC SERVICE
PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION
PUBLIC USE
PUBLIC WORKS
RATING AGENCIES
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
REPAYMENT CAPACITY
RETURN
REVENUE SHARING
REVENUE SOURCES
RISK EXPOSURE
RISK MANAGEMENT
RISKY ASSET
ROADS
SAVINGS
SUBNATIONAL BUDGETING
SUBNATIONAL BUDGETS
SUBNATIONAL FINANCE
SUBNATIONAL FINANCES
SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT FINANCE
SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
SUBSIDIARIES
SUBSIDIARY
SYSTEMIC RISK
TAX
TAX COLLECTIONS
TAX RATES
TAX SYSTEM
TERMS OF CREDITS
TRANSACTION
TRANSPARENCY
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
URBAN GROWTH
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT
URBAN PLANNING
UTILITIES
VALUABLE ASSET
VALUATION
VALUATION TECHNIQUES
VALUATIONS
Peterson, George E.
Kaganova, Olga
Integrating Land Financing into Subnational Fiscal Management
geographic_facet The World Region
The World Region
relation Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5409
description Land assets have become an important source of financing capital investments by subnational governments in developing countries. Land assets, often with billions of dollars per transaction, rival and sometimes surpass subnational borrowing or fiscal transfers for capital spending. While reducing the uncertainty surrounding future debt repayment capacity, the use of land-based revenues for financing infrastructure can entail substantial fiscal risks. Land sales often involve less transparency than borrowing. Many sales are conducted off-budget, which makes it easier to divert proceeds into operating budgets. Capital revenues from sales of land assets exert a much more volatile trend and could create an incentive to appropriate auction proceeds for financing the operating budget, particularly in times of budget shortfalls during economic downturns. Furthermore, land collateral and expected future land-value appreciation for bank loans can be linked with macroeconomic risks. It is critical to develop ex ante prudential rules comparable to those governing borrowing, to reduce fiscal risks and the contingent liabilities associated with the land-based revenues for financing infrastructure.
format Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author Peterson, George E.
Kaganova, Olga
author_facet Peterson, George E.
Kaganova, Olga
author_sort Peterson, George E.
title Integrating Land Financing into Subnational Fiscal Management
title_short Integrating Land Financing into Subnational Fiscal Management
title_full Integrating Land Financing into Subnational Fiscal Management
title_fullStr Integrating Land Financing into Subnational Fiscal Management
title_full_unstemmed Integrating Land Financing into Subnational Fiscal Management
title_sort integrating land financing into subnational fiscal management
publishDate 2012
url http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100831151725
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3894
_version_ 1764388892488761344
spelling okr-10986-38942021-04-23T14:02:13Z Integrating Land Financing into Subnational Fiscal Management Peterson, George E. Kaganova, Olga ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS AMOUNT OF DEBT ASSET BASE ASSET MANAGEMENT ASSET SALE PROCEEDS ASSET SALES ASSET VALUE AUCTION BAILOUTS BALANCE SHEET BALANCE SHEETS BANK LENDING BANK LOANS BANKING REGULATIONS BIDS BOND BOND ISSUANCE BORROWING BOURSE CAPITAL BUDGETS CAPITAL FLOWS CAPITAL FORMATION CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CASH ACCOUNTING CASH FLOW CENTRAL BANK COLLATERAL COMMERCIAL BANKS COMPETITIVE AUCTIONS CONTINGENT LIABILITIES COST OF CAPITAL CREDIT DEFAULTS CREDIT MARKETS CREDIT POLICIES CREDIT RATING CREDIT RATING AGENCIES CREDIT RISK CREDITWORTHINESS DEBT DEBT CAPACITY DEBT CRISES DEBT ISSUANCE DEBT MANAGEMENT DEBT MARKETS DEBT OBLIGATIONS DEBT REPAYMENT DEBT SERVICE DEBT SERVICING DECENTRALIZATION DEFAULT RATES DEFAULTS DEREGULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES DEVELOPMENT BANK ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE EXPENDITURE EXPROPRIATION FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FINANCIAL CRISES FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL REPORTING FINANCIAL RISK FINANCIAL RISKS FINANCIAL STABILITY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FINANCING SOURCES FISCAL DEFICITS FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL REFORMS FISCAL TRANSPARENCY FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN CURRENCY DEBT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN INVESTMENT GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT BORROWING GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT GUARANTEE GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES GOVERNMENT REFORM GOVERNMENT REVENUE HOLDING HOUSING INFLATION INFORMATION SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INSTRUMENT INTEREST RATES INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL INVENTORIES INVENTORY INVESTMENT ACTIVITY INVESTMENT PURPOSES LAND AS COLLATERAL LAND DEVELOPMENT LAND HOLDINGS LAND MANAGEMENT LAND OWNERSHIP LAND PARCEL LAND PARCELS LAND POLICY LAND PRICES LAND PRICING LAND SUPPLY LAND USE LAND VALUE LAND VALUES LANDOWNER LANDOWNERS LAWS LEGISLATION LIABILITY LIABILITY SIDE LOAN LOAN GUARANTEES LOAN REPAYMENTS LOCAL DEBT LOCAL FINANCE LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE LOCAL REVENUE LOSS OF REVENUES MACROECONOMIC RISKS MARKET PRICES MARKET RISK MARKET VALUE METROPOLITAN AREAS MONETARY MANAGEMENT MUNICIPAL BONDS MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPALITIES NATIONAL BUDGET NATIONAL CREDIT NATIONAL CREDIT MARKET OPERATING EXPENDITURES OPERATING EXPENSES OPPORTUNITY COSTS OUTSTANDING DEBT PENSION POLITICAL ECONOMY PORTS POTENTIAL EXPOSURE PRESENT VALUE PRICE DISCOVERY PRICE VOLATILITY PRIVATE LENDERS PRIVATE PARTIES PRIVATE PROPERTY PRIVATE SECTOR PROPERTY TAX ASSESSMENTS PROPERTY TAXES PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS PROVISIONS PUBLIC PUBLIC AGENCIES PUBLIC ASSETS PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC OWNERSHIP PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC PROPERTY PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION PUBLIC USE PUBLIC WORKS RATING AGENCIES REGULATORY FRAMEWORK REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS REPAYMENT CAPACITY RETURN REVENUE SHARING REVENUE SOURCES RISK EXPOSURE RISK MANAGEMENT RISKY ASSET ROADS SAVINGS SUBNATIONAL BUDGETING SUBNATIONAL BUDGETS SUBNATIONAL FINANCE SUBNATIONAL FINANCES SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT FINANCE SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS SUBSIDIARIES SUBSIDIARY SYSTEMIC RISK TAX TAX COLLECTIONS TAX RATES TAX SYSTEM TERMS OF CREDITS TRANSACTION TRANSPARENCY URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN GROWTH URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT URBAN PLANNING UTILITIES VALUABLE ASSET VALUATION VALUATION TECHNIQUES VALUATIONS Land assets have become an important source of financing capital investments by subnational governments in developing countries. Land assets, often with billions of dollars per transaction, rival and sometimes surpass subnational borrowing or fiscal transfers for capital spending. While reducing the uncertainty surrounding future debt repayment capacity, the use of land-based revenues for financing infrastructure can entail substantial fiscal risks. Land sales often involve less transparency than borrowing. Many sales are conducted off-budget, which makes it easier to divert proceeds into operating budgets. Capital revenues from sales of land assets exert a much more volatile trend and could create an incentive to appropriate auction proceeds for financing the operating budget, particularly in times of budget shortfalls during economic downturns. Furthermore, land collateral and expected future land-value appreciation for bank loans can be linked with macroeconomic risks. It is critical to develop ex ante prudential rules comparable to those governing borrowing, to reduce fiscal risks and the contingent liabilities associated with the land-based revenues for financing infrastructure. 2012-03-19T18:41:43Z 2012-03-19T18:41:43Z 2010-08-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100831151725 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3894 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5409 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region