Changing Contributions of Different Agricultural Policy Instruments to Global Reductions in Trade and Welfare
Trade negotiators and policy advisors are keen to know the relative contribution of different farm policy instruments to international trade and economic welfare. Nominal rates of assistance or producer support estimates are incomplete indicators,...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100623093142 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3831 |
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okr-10986-38312021-04-23T14:02:13Z Changing Contributions of Different Agricultural Policy Instruments to Global Reductions in Trade and Welfare Croser, Johanna Anderson, Kym AGGREGATE DEMAND AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL PRICE AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE AVERAGE PRICE BORDER PRICE BORDER TAX BORDER TAXES COMMODITIES COMMODITY CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION SUBSIDIES CONSUMPTION TAX CONSUMPTION TAXES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DOLLAR VALUE DOLLAR VALUES DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC RESEARCH EMERGING ECONOMIES EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT RESTRICTIONS EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT SUPPLY EXPORT TAX EXPORT TAXES FOOD PRICE FOOD PRICES FREE TRADE GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL TRADE GROSS VALUE IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORT SUBSIDIES IMPORT SUBSIDY IMPORT TAX IMPORT TAXES IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INCOME INDEX NUMBERS INPUT TAXES INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL TRADE MARKET ACCESS OPEN ECONOMY OUTPUT OUTPUTS PARTICULAR COUNTRY POLITICAL ECONOMY PRICE ADJUSTMENT PRICE CHANGE PRICE CHANGES PRICE DISTORTION PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY PRICING POLICY PRODUCER PRICE PRODUCER PRICES PRODUCER SUBSIDY SUBSIDIZATION SUPPLY CURVES SUPPLY FUNCTIONS TARIFF BORDER TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REVENUE TAX TAX RATE TAXATION TRADE DISTORTIONS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE PRICES TRADE REDUCTION TRADE REFORM TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE TAX TRADE TAXES TRADE VOLUME TRADE-DISTORTING POLICIES TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Trade negotiators and policy advisors are keen to know the relative contribution of different farm policy instruments to international trade and economic welfare. Nominal rates of assistance or producer support estimates are incomplete indicators, especially when (especially in developing countries) some commodities are taxed and others are subsidized, in which case positive contributions can offset negative contributions. This paper develops and estimates a new set of more-satisfactory indicators to examine the relative contribution of different farm policy instruments to reductions in agricultural trade and welfare, drawing on recent literature on trade restrictiveness indexes and a recently compiled database on distortions to agricultural prices for 75 developing and high-income countries over the period 1960 to 2004. Results confirm earlier findings that border taxes are the dominant instrument affecting global trade and welfare, but they also suggest declines in export taxes contributed nearly as much as cuts in import protection to global welfare gains from agricultural policy reforms since the 1980s. 2012-03-19T18:40:35Z 2012-03-19T18:40:35Z 2010-06-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100623093142 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3831 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5345 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
AGGREGATE DEMAND AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL PRICE AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE AVERAGE PRICE BORDER PRICE BORDER TAX BORDER TAXES COMMODITIES COMMODITY CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION SUBSIDIES CONSUMPTION TAX CONSUMPTION TAXES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DOLLAR VALUE DOLLAR VALUES DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC RESEARCH EMERGING ECONOMIES EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT RESTRICTIONS EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT SUPPLY EXPORT TAX EXPORT TAXES FOOD PRICE FOOD PRICES FREE TRADE GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL TRADE GROSS VALUE IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORT SUBSIDIES IMPORT SUBSIDY IMPORT TAX IMPORT TAXES IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INCOME INDEX NUMBERS INPUT TAXES INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL TRADE MARKET ACCESS OPEN ECONOMY OUTPUT OUTPUTS PARTICULAR COUNTRY POLITICAL ECONOMY PRICE ADJUSTMENT PRICE CHANGE PRICE CHANGES PRICE DISTORTION PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY PRICING POLICY PRODUCER PRICE PRODUCER PRICES PRODUCER SUBSIDY SUBSIDIZATION SUPPLY CURVES SUPPLY FUNCTIONS TARIFF BORDER TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REVENUE TAX TAX RATE TAXATION TRADE DISTORTIONS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE PRICES TRADE REDUCTION TRADE REFORM TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE TAX TRADE TAXES TRADE VOLUME TRADE-DISTORTING POLICIES TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| spellingShingle |
AGGREGATE DEMAND AGGREGATE SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL PRICE AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE AVERAGE PRICE BORDER PRICE BORDER TAX BORDER TAXES COMMODITIES COMMODITY CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION SUBSIDIES CONSUMPTION TAX CONSUMPTION TAXES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DOLLAR VALUE DOLLAR VALUES DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC RESEARCH EMERGING ECONOMIES EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT RESTRICTIONS EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT SUPPLY EXPORT TAX EXPORT TAXES FOOD PRICE FOOD PRICES FREE TRADE GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL TRADE GROSS VALUE IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORT SUBSIDIES IMPORT SUBSIDY IMPORT TAX IMPORT TAXES IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INCOME INDEX NUMBERS INPUT TAXES INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL TRADE MARKET ACCESS OPEN ECONOMY OUTPUT OUTPUTS PARTICULAR COUNTRY POLITICAL ECONOMY PRICE ADJUSTMENT PRICE CHANGE PRICE CHANGES PRICE DISTORTION PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY PRICING POLICY PRODUCER PRICE PRODUCER PRICES PRODUCER SUBSIDY SUBSIDIZATION SUPPLY CURVES SUPPLY FUNCTIONS TARIFF BORDER TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REVENUE TAX TAX RATE TAXATION TRADE DISTORTIONS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE PRICES TRADE REDUCTION TRADE REFORM TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE TAX TRADE TAXES TRADE VOLUME TRADE-DISTORTING POLICIES TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Croser, Johanna Anderson, Kym Changing Contributions of Different Agricultural Policy Instruments to Global Reductions in Trade and Welfare |
| geographic_facet |
The World Region The World Region |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5345 |
| description |
Trade negotiators and policy advisors
are keen to know the relative contribution of different farm
policy instruments to international trade and economic
welfare. Nominal rates of assistance or producer support
estimates are incomplete indicators, especially when
(especially in developing countries) some commodities are
taxed and others are subsidized, in which case positive
contributions can offset negative contributions. This paper
develops and estimates a new set of more-satisfactory
indicators to examine the relative contribution of different
farm policy instruments to reductions in agricultural trade
and welfare, drawing on recent literature on trade
restrictiveness indexes and a recently compiled database on
distortions to agricultural prices for 75 developing and
high-income countries over the period 1960 to 2004. Results
confirm earlier findings that border taxes are the dominant
instrument affecting global trade and welfare, but they also
suggest declines in export taxes contributed nearly as much
as cuts in import protection to global welfare gains from
agricultural policy reforms since the 1980s. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Croser, Johanna Anderson, Kym |
| author_facet |
Croser, Johanna Anderson, Kym |
| author_sort |
Croser, Johanna |
| title |
Changing Contributions of Different Agricultural Policy Instruments to Global Reductions in Trade and Welfare |
| title_short |
Changing Contributions of Different Agricultural Policy Instruments to Global Reductions in Trade and Welfare |
| title_full |
Changing Contributions of Different Agricultural Policy Instruments to Global Reductions in Trade and Welfare |
| title_fullStr |
Changing Contributions of Different Agricultural Policy Instruments to Global Reductions in Trade and Welfare |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Changing Contributions of Different Agricultural Policy Instruments to Global Reductions in Trade and Welfare |
| title_sort |
changing contributions of different agricultural policy instruments to global reductions in trade and welfare |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100623093142 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3831 |
| _version_ |
1764388568222924800 |