MDG Achievements, Determinants and Resource Needs : What Has Been Learnt?

This paper reviews the effectiveness and efficiency of key policy instruments for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Based on a simple cross-country regression analysis, the paper argues that average Millennium Development G...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Lay, Jann
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ADULT LITERACY AGED BASIC HEALTH CARE BASIC HEALTH SERVICES BREASTFEEDING CALL CHILD HEALTH CHILD LABOR CLINICS COHORT OF STUDENTS COMPLETION RATES FOR GIRLS DEATHS DEWORMING DEWORMING PROGRAMS DIETS DISPENSARIES DISTANCE TO SCHOOL EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERVENTIONS ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATED MOTHERS EDUCATED PARENTS EDUCATION FACILITIES EDUCATION GOALS EDUCATION OF GIRLS EDUCATION OUTCOMES EDUCATION POLICIES EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVELS EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ENROLLMENT INCREASES ENROLLMENT LEVELS ENROLLMENT OF CHILDREN ENROLLMENT OF GIRLS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLLMENT STATISTICS EVALUATION OF EDUCATION EXAMINATION FEES EXERCISES EXTERNALITIES FAMILIES GIRLS INTO SCHOOL HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE PROVISION HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH CLINICS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICIES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICE HEALTH SERVICE USE HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SERVICEUTILIZATION HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SYSTEM HIGHER ENROLLMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES HUNGER IMMUNIZATION IMPACT EVALUATIONS INCENTIVE SCHEMES INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INFANT HEALTH INITIAL ENROLMENT INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION INTERVENTION LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING MATERIALS LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING PROCESSES LET LEVELS OF ENROLLMENT LITERACY LITERACY PROGRAM LOW ENROLLMENT RATES MATERNAL LITERACY MATHEMATICAL SKILLS MEASLES MEDICAL CARE META ANALYSIS MORTALITY MULTIGRADE TEACHING NATIONAL EDUCATION NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM NEEDS ASSESSMENT NUMBER OF SCHOOLS NUTRITION NUTRITION PROGRAMS OFFICIAL SCHOOL AGE PAPERS PARENTAL EDUCATION PREGNANCY PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE PRIMARY CARE PRIMARY COMPLETION PRIMARY COMPLETION RATES PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATES PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION RATES PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIMARY STUDENT PROBABILITY PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SCHOOLS QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF HEALTH QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE REMEDIAL CLASSES REPETITION REPETITION RATES RETURNS TO EDUCATION RURAL SCHOOLS SANITATION SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL BUILDING SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SCHOOL COST SCHOOL FEE SCHOOL FEEDING SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE SCHOOL PARTICIPATION SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL VISITS SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SCHOOLING SCHOOLING QUALITY SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL SERVICES SPORTS STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT TEACHER TEACHER COSTS TEACHER INCENTIVES TEACHERS TEACHING TEACHING-LEARNING TUBERCULOSIS UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY UNIVERSAL COVERAGE UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION UNIVERSAL PRIMARY ENROLLMENT UNIVERSAL PRIMARY SCHOOLING USE OF HEALTH SERVICES VACCINATION
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100526145918 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3805

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Summary:	This paper reviews the effectiveness and efficiency of key policy instruments for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Based on a simple cross-country regression analysis, the paper argues that average Millennium Development Goal progress is likely to be too slow to meet education and health sector targets in a number of developing countries. The paper further shows that MDG achievement can be described by a transition path with declining rates of progress. More detailed analysis reveals that the transition toward universal primary school enrollment in poor countries with low initial enrollment has accelerated considerably in the more recent past. The main part of the paper then focuses on the role of demand versus supply-side factors in social service utilization in education and health. The review arrives at the following rules of thumb that reflect some of the key determinants of achievement of the Millennium Development Goals: First, specific single policy interventions can have a considerable impact on social service utilization and specific human development outcomes. For example, improving access to basic health services, in particular to vaccination, has been a key factor in reducing child mortality rates in a number of very poor countries. Second, demand-side policies have proved extremely effective, for example in raising school enrollment and attainment levels. However, there may be more scope for targeting the demand-side in the health sector. Third, policy effectiveness and efficiency are highly dependent on initial conditions and the specificities of the respective policy. Fourth, complementarities between MDG targets, in particular social service utilization, are likely to be very important.

MDG Achievements, Determinants and Resource Needs : What Has Been Learnt?

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