The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis : Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries
This paper examines the impact of two crises on the global apparel value chain: the World Trade Organization phase-out of the quota system for textiles and apparel in 2005, which provided access for many poor and small export-oriented economies to...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100427111841 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3769 |
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okr-10986-37692021-04-23T14:02:12Z The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis : Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries Gereffi, Gary Frederick, Stacey ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURE APPAREL APPAREL EXPORT APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL INDUSTRIES APPAREL INDUSTRY APPAREL MANUFACTURING APPAREL MARKET APPAREL PRODUCERS APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE BRAND BRAND NAME BRAND NAMES BRANDS BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUYING POWER COMMERCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE PRESSURES COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS COST ANALYSIS COUNTRY MARKETS CRISES CURRENCY CURRENCY APPRECIATION DEBT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DISPLACED WORKERS DIVISION OF LABOR DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMERGING MARKETS EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT INDUSTRIES EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORT SHARES EXPORT VALUE EXPORT VOLUMES EXPORTERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINISHED PRODUCT FINISHED PRODUCTS FIXED COSTS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS FREE TRADE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES GEOGRAPHIC MARKETS GLOBAL EXPORTS GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORT DUTY IMPORT PENETRATION IMPROVED WORKING CONDITIONS INCOME INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES INDUSTRIALIZATION INFLATION INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY ITC LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR LAWS LABOR ORGANIZATION LABORERS LAYOFFS LIQUIDITY MARKET POWER MARKET RESEARCH MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARES MARKETING MERCHANDISE MERCHANDISE EXPORTS MERCHANTS MERGERS NATIONAL MODELS NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT OPENNESS PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROFIT MARGINS PROTECTIONISM PURCHASING PURCHASING POWER QUOTAS REBATE REBATES RECESSION REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS RETAIL RETAILING SAFETY SALE SALES SHARE OF WORLD EXPORTS SKILLED WORKERS SPECIALIZATION SPREAD SUBSTITUTION SUBSTITUTION EFFECT SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY CHAINS TAX INCENTIVES TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE PACTS TRADE POLICY TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRANSACTIONS COSTS TURNOVER UNEMPLOYMENT VALUATION WAGES WAREHOUSE WHOLESALE PRICE WHOLESALERS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO This paper examines the impact of two crises on the global apparel value chain: the World Trade Organization phase-out of the quota system for textiles and apparel in 2005, which provided access for many poor and small export-oriented economies to the markets of industrialized countries, and the current economic recession that has lowered demand for apparel exports and led to massive unemployment across the industry s supply chain. An overarching trend has been the process of global consolidation, whereby leading apparel suppliers (countries and firms alike) have strengthened their positions in the industry. On the country side, China has been the big winner, although Bangladesh, India, and Vietnam have also continued to expand their roles in the industry. On the firm side, the quota phase-out and economic recession have accelerated the ongoing shift to more streamlined global supply chains, in which lead firms desire to work with fewer, larger, and more capable suppliers that are strategically located around the world. The paper concludes with recommendations for how developing countries as well as textile and apparel suppliers can adjust to the crisis. 2012-03-19T18:39:29Z 2012-03-19T18:39:29Z 2010-04-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100427111841 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3769 English Policy Research Working Paper ; No. 5281 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURE APPAREL APPAREL EXPORT APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL INDUSTRIES APPAREL INDUSTRY APPAREL MANUFACTURING APPAREL MARKET APPAREL PRODUCERS APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE BRAND BRAND NAME BRAND NAMES BRANDS BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUYING POWER COMMERCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE PRESSURES COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS COST ANALYSIS COUNTRY MARKETS CRISES CURRENCY CURRENCY APPRECIATION DEBT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DISPLACED WORKERS DIVISION OF LABOR DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMERGING MARKETS EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT INDUSTRIES EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORT SHARES EXPORT VALUE EXPORT VOLUMES EXPORTERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINISHED PRODUCT FINISHED PRODUCTS FIXED COSTS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS FREE TRADE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES GEOGRAPHIC MARKETS GLOBAL EXPORTS GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORT DUTY IMPORT PENETRATION IMPROVED WORKING CONDITIONS INCOME INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES INDUSTRIALIZATION INFLATION INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY ITC LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR LAWS LABOR ORGANIZATION LABORERS LAYOFFS LIQUIDITY MARKET POWER MARKET RESEARCH MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARES MARKETING MERCHANDISE MERCHANDISE EXPORTS MERCHANTS MERGERS NATIONAL MODELS NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT OPENNESS PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROFIT MARGINS PROTECTIONISM PURCHASING PURCHASING POWER QUOTAS REBATE REBATES RECESSION REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS RETAIL RETAILING SAFETY SALE SALES SHARE OF WORLD EXPORTS SKILLED WORKERS SPECIALIZATION SPREAD SUBSTITUTION SUBSTITUTION EFFECT SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY CHAINS TAX INCENTIVES TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE PACTS TRADE POLICY TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRANSACTIONS COSTS TURNOVER UNEMPLOYMENT VALUATION WAGES WAREHOUSE WHOLESALE PRICE WHOLESALERS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURE APPAREL APPAREL EXPORT APPAREL EXPORTS APPAREL INDUSTRIES APPAREL INDUSTRY APPAREL MANUFACTURING APPAREL MARKET APPAREL PRODUCERS APPAREL PRODUCTS APPAREL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE BRAND BRAND NAME BRAND NAMES BRANDS BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUYING POWER COMMERCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE PRESSURES COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS COST ANALYSIS COUNTRY MARKETS CRISES CURRENCY CURRENCY APPRECIATION DEBT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DISPLACED WORKERS DIVISION OF LABOR DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMERGING MARKETS EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT INDUSTRIES EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORT SHARES EXPORT VALUE EXPORT VOLUMES EXPORTERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINISHED PRODUCT FINISHED PRODUCTS FIXED COSTS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS FREE TRADE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES GEOGRAPHIC MARKETS GLOBAL EXPORTS GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORT DUTY IMPORT PENETRATION IMPROVED WORKING CONDITIONS INCOME INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES INDUSTRIALIZATION INFLATION INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY ITC LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR LAWS LABOR ORGANIZATION LABORERS LAYOFFS LIQUIDITY MARKET POWER MARKET RESEARCH MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARES MARKETING MERCHANDISE MERCHANDISE EXPORTS MERCHANTS MERGERS NATIONAL MODELS NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT OPENNESS PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROFIT MARGINS PROTECTIONISM PURCHASING PURCHASING POWER QUOTAS REBATE REBATES RECESSION REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS RETAIL RETAILING SAFETY SALE SALES SHARE OF WORLD EXPORTS SKILLED WORKERS SPECIALIZATION SPREAD SUBSTITUTION SUBSTITUTION EFFECT SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY CHAINS TAX INCENTIVES TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE PACTS TRADE POLICY TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRANSACTIONS COSTS TURNOVER UNEMPLOYMENT VALUATION WAGES WAREHOUSE WHOLESALE PRICE WHOLESALERS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Gereffi, Gary Frederick, Stacey The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis : Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper ; No. 5281 |
| description |
This paper examines the impact of two
crises on the global apparel value chain: the World Trade
Organization phase-out of the quota system for textiles and
apparel in 2005, which provided access for many poor and
small export-oriented economies to the markets of
industrialized countries, and the current economic recession
that has lowered demand for apparel exports and led to
massive unemployment across the industry s supply chain. An
overarching trend has been the process of global
consolidation, whereby leading apparel suppliers (countries
and firms alike) have strengthened their positions in the
industry. On the country side, China has been the big
winner, although Bangladesh, India, and Vietnam have also
continued to expand their roles in the industry. On the firm
side, the quota phase-out and economic recession have
accelerated the ongoing shift to more streamlined global
supply chains, in which lead firms desire to work with
fewer, larger, and more capable suppliers that are
strategically located around the world. The paper concludes
with recommendations for how developing countries as well as
textile and apparel suppliers can adjust to the crisis. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Gereffi, Gary Frederick, Stacey |
| author_facet |
Gereffi, Gary Frederick, Stacey |
| author_sort |
Gereffi, Gary |
| title |
The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis : Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries |
| title_short |
The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis : Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries |
| title_full |
The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis : Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries |
| title_fullStr |
The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis : Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis : Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries |
| title_sort |
global apparel value chain, trade and the crisis : challenges and opportunities for developing countries |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100427111841 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3769 |
| _version_ |
1764388240151805952 |