Deep-Dive on Malaysia’s Higher Education Services Trade : March 2022

Malaysia’s higher education sector expanded rapidly in the late 1990s, with the number of institutions peaking in 2001 and the number of international students peaking in 2017. Following improvements in the quality of local universities and the est...

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Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Report
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC 2022
Subjects:	HIGHER EDUCATION EDUCATION SERVICES SECTOR UNIVERSITY FOREIGN STUDENTS HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION (HEI) INTERNATIONAL CAMPUS EDUCATION DATA HIGHER EDUCATION MARKETING AFFORDABLE EDUCATION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099030005172239106/P17466809980060a508844050ed6aa18558 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37466

id	okr-10986-37466
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-374662022-05-21T05:10:32Z Deep-Dive on Malaysia’s Higher Education Services Trade : March 2022 World Bank HIGHER EDUCATION EDUCATION SERVICES SECTOR UNIVERSITY FOREIGN STUDENTS HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION (HEI) INTERNATIONAL CAMPUS EDUCATION DATA HIGHER EDUCATION MARKETING AFFORDABLE EDUCATION Malaysia’s higher education sector expanded rapidly in the late 1990s, with the number of institutions peaking in 2001 and the number of international students peaking in 2017. Following improvements in the quality of local universities and the establishment of branches of international campuses in Malaysia, the country has become a net receiver of foreign students. Enhanced trade in the higher education sector, and the expansion of the sector, bodes well for Malaysia’s next phase of economic development. The objectives of this paper are to document the pattern of trade in higher education services in Malaysia and to analyze the main factors that constrain trade in this sector. First, the paper aims to document Malaysia’s higher education landscape and the pattern of trade in each of the four modes of services trade. Second, it seeks to identify key policy challenges and constraints affecting this sector. The paper employs a combination of quantitative, qualitative, and institutional research methods. The paper finds that despite numerous liberalization measures, a number of remaining restrictions and limitations continue to impact trade in the sector. The paper finds that the most significant policy challenges likely relate to domestic constraints. To attract foreign students and faculty members and to enhance trade in the higher education sector, it is crucial to ease the visa and immigration processes and rules. Furthermore, measures to enhance the digitalization of administrative processes at the regulatory agencies and at Higher Education Institution (HEIs) can increase efficiency, with the potential to reduce the burden associated with excessive documentation requirements. It is also crucial that agencies and universities systematically collect more data to better inform policy reforms and guide universities in how to improve their programs. 2022-05-20T20:37:19Z 2022-05-20T20:37:19Z 2022-04 Report http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099030005172239106/P17466809980060a508844050ed6aa18558 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37466 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC Report Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific Malaysia
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	HIGHER EDUCATION EDUCATION SERVICES SECTOR UNIVERSITY FOREIGN STUDENTS HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION (HEI) INTERNATIONAL CAMPUS EDUCATION DATA HIGHER EDUCATION MARKETING AFFORDABLE EDUCATION
spellingShingle	HIGHER EDUCATION EDUCATION SERVICES SECTOR UNIVERSITY FOREIGN STUDENTS HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION (HEI) INTERNATIONAL CAMPUS EDUCATION DATA HIGHER EDUCATION MARKETING AFFORDABLE EDUCATION World Bank Deep-Dive on Malaysia’s Higher Education Services Trade : March 2022
geographic_facet	East Asia and Pacific Malaysia
description	Malaysia’s higher education sector expanded rapidly in the late 1990s, with the number of institutions peaking in 2001 and the number of international students peaking in 2017. Following improvements in the quality of local universities and the establishment of branches of international campuses in Malaysia, the country has become a net receiver of foreign students. Enhanced trade in the higher education sector, and the expansion of the sector, bodes well for Malaysia’s next phase of economic development. The objectives of this paper are to document the pattern of trade in higher education services in Malaysia and to analyze the main factors that constrain trade in this sector. First, the paper aims to document Malaysia’s higher education landscape and the pattern of trade in each of the four modes of services trade. Second, it seeks to identify key policy challenges and constraints affecting this sector. The paper employs a combination of quantitative, qualitative, and institutional research methods. The paper finds that despite numerous liberalization measures, a number of remaining restrictions and limitations continue to impact trade in the sector. The paper finds that the most significant policy challenges likely relate to domestic constraints. To attract foreign students and faculty members and to enhance trade in the higher education sector, it is crucial to ease the visa and immigration processes and rules. Furthermore, measures to enhance the digitalization of administrative processes at the regulatory agencies and at Higher Education Institution (HEIs) can increase efficiency, with the potential to reduce the burden associated with excessive documentation requirements. It is also crucial that agencies and universities systematically collect more data to better inform policy reforms and guide universities in how to improve their programs.
format	Report
author	World Bank
author_facet	World Bank
author_sort	World Bank
title	Deep-Dive on Malaysia’s Higher Education Services Trade : March 2022
title_short	Deep-Dive on Malaysia’s Higher Education Services Trade : March 2022
title_full	Deep-Dive on Malaysia’s Higher Education Services Trade : March 2022
title_fullStr	Deep-Dive on Malaysia’s Higher Education Services Trade : March 2022
title_full_unstemmed	Deep-Dive on Malaysia’s Higher Education Services Trade : March 2022
title_sort	deep-dive on malaysia’s higher education services trade : march 2022
publisher	Washington, DC
publishDate	2022
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099030005172239106/P17466809980060a508844050ed6aa18558 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37466
_version_	1764487215780462592

Deep-Dive on Malaysia’s Higher Education Services Trade : March 2022

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