Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

This paper investigates the long-term relationship between conflict-related migration and individual socioeconomic inequality. Looking at the post-conflict environments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Croatia, the two former Yugoslav states mos...

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Main Authors: Kovac, Dejan, Efendic, Adnan, Shapiro, Jacob N.
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099748104262212564/IDU0044f959d03d6f046b40b6970831a4f7cab42
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37397
id okr-10986-37397
recordtype oai_dc
spelling okr-10986-373972022-05-06T05:10:40Z Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina Kovac, Dejan Efendic, Adnan Shapiro, Jacob N. FORCED DISPLACEMENT CONFLICT  EDUCATION INEQUALITY INCOME INEQUALITY REFUGEES INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDP) EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME OF DISPLACED PERSONS REFUGEE INCLUSION SOCIAL INTEGRATION This paper investigates the long-term relationship between conflict-related migration and individual socioeconomic inequality. Looking at the post-conflict environments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Croatia, the two former Yugoslav states most heavily impacted by the conflicts of the early 1990s, the paper focuses on differences in educational performance and income between four groups: migrants, internally displaced persons, refugees, and those who did not move two decades after the conflicts. For BiH, the analysis leverages a municipality-representative survey (n = 6, 021) that captured self-reported education and income outcomes as well as migration histories. For Croatia, outcomes are measured using an anonymized education registry that captured outcomes for over half a million individuals over time. This allows an assessment of convergence between different categories of migrants. In both countries, individuals with greater exposure to conflict had systematically worse educational performance. External migrants now living in BiH have better educational and economic outcomes than those who did not migrate, but these advantages are smaller for individuals who were forced to move. In Croatia, those who moved during the conflict have worse educational outcomes, but there is a steady convergence between refugees and non-migrants. This research suggests that policies intended to address migration-related discrepancies should be targeted on the basis of individual and family experiences caused by conflict. 2022-05-05T15:46:25Z 2022-05-05T15:46:25Z 2022-04 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099748104262212564/IDU0044f959d03d6f046b40b6970831a4f7cab42 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37397 English Policy Research Working Paper;10021 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic FORCED DISPLACEMENT
CONFLICT 
EDUCATION INEQUALITY
INCOME INEQUALITY
REFUGEES
INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDP)
EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME OF DISPLACED PERSONS
REFUGEE INCLUSION
SOCIAL INTEGRATION
spellingShingle FORCED DISPLACEMENT
CONFLICT 
EDUCATION INEQUALITY
INCOME INEQUALITY
REFUGEES
INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDP)
EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME OF DISPLACED PERSONS
REFUGEE INCLUSION
SOCIAL INTEGRATION
Kovac, Dejan
Efendic, Adnan
Shapiro, Jacob N.
Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
geographic_facet Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
relation Policy Research Working Paper;10021
description This paper investigates the long-term relationship between conflict-related migration and individual socioeconomic inequality. Looking at the post-conflict environments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Croatia, the two former Yugoslav states most heavily impacted by the conflicts of the early 1990s, the paper focuses on differences in educational performance and income between four groups: migrants, internally displaced persons, refugees, and those who did not move two decades after the conflicts. For BiH, the analysis leverages a municipality-representative survey (n = 6, 021) that captured self-reported education and income outcomes as well as migration histories. For Croatia, outcomes are measured using an anonymized education registry that captured outcomes for over half a million individuals over time. This allows an assessment of convergence between different categories of migrants. In both countries, individuals with greater exposure to conflict had systematically worse educational performance. External migrants now living in BiH have better educational and economic outcomes than those who did not migrate, but these advantages are smaller for individuals who were forced to move. In Croatia, those who moved during the conflict have worse educational outcomes, but there is a steady convergence between refugees and non-migrants. This research suggests that policies intended to address migration-related discrepancies should be targeted on the basis of individual and family experiences caused by conflict.
format Working Paper
author Kovac, Dejan
Efendic, Adnan
Shapiro, Jacob N.
author_facet Kovac, Dejan
Efendic, Adnan
Shapiro, Jacob N.
author_sort Kovac, Dejan
title Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
title_short Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
title_full Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
title_fullStr Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
title_full_unstemmed Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
title_sort forced displacement, exposure to conflict and long-run education and income inequality : evidence from croatia and bosnia and herzegovina
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2022
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099748104262212564/IDU0044f959d03d6f046b40b6970831a4f7cab42
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37397
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