Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
This paper investigates the long-term relationship between conflict-related migration and individual socioeconomic inequality. Looking at the post-conflict environments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Croatia, the two former Yugoslav states mos...
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2022
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099748104262212564/IDU0044f959d03d6f046b40b6970831a4f7cab42 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37397 |
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okr-10986-373972022-05-06T05:10:40Z Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina Kovac, Dejan Efendic, Adnan Shapiro, Jacob N. FORCED DISPLACEMENT CONFLICT EDUCATION INEQUALITY INCOME INEQUALITY REFUGEES INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDP) EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME OF DISPLACED PERSONS REFUGEE INCLUSION SOCIAL INTEGRATION This paper investigates the long-term relationship between conflict-related migration and individual socioeconomic inequality. Looking at the post-conflict environments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Croatia, the two former Yugoslav states most heavily impacted by the conflicts of the early 1990s, the paper focuses on differences in educational performance and income between four groups: migrants, internally displaced persons, refugees, and those who did not move two decades after the conflicts. For BiH, the analysis leverages a municipality-representative survey (n = 6, 021) that captured self-reported education and income outcomes as well as migration histories. For Croatia, outcomes are measured using an anonymized education registry that captured outcomes for over half a million individuals over time. This allows an assessment of convergence between different categories of migrants. In both countries, individuals with greater exposure to conflict had systematically worse educational performance. External migrants now living in BiH have better educational and economic outcomes than those who did not migrate, but these advantages are smaller for individuals who were forced to move. In Croatia, those who moved during the conflict have worse educational outcomes, but there is a steady convergence between refugees and non-migrants. This research suggests that policies intended to address migration-related discrepancies should be targeted on the basis of individual and family experiences caused by conflict. 2022-05-05T15:46:25Z 2022-05-05T15:46:25Z 2022-04 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099748104262212564/IDU0044f959d03d6f046b40b6970831a4f7cab42 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37397 English Policy Research Working Paper;10021 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
FORCED DISPLACEMENT CONFLICT EDUCATION INEQUALITY INCOME INEQUALITY REFUGEES INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDP) EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME OF DISPLACED PERSONS REFUGEE INCLUSION SOCIAL INTEGRATION |
| spellingShingle |
FORCED DISPLACEMENT CONFLICT EDUCATION INEQUALITY INCOME INEQUALITY REFUGEES INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDP) EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME OF DISPLACED PERSONS REFUGEE INCLUSION SOCIAL INTEGRATION Kovac, Dejan Efendic, Adnan Shapiro, Jacob N. Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| geographic_facet |
Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;10021 |
| description |
This paper investigates the long-term
relationship between conflict-related migration and
individual socioeconomic inequality. Looking at the
post-conflict environments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)
and Croatia, the two former Yugoslav states most heavily
impacted by the conflicts of the early 1990s, the paper
focuses on differences in educational performance and income
between four groups: migrants, internally displaced persons,
refugees, and those who did not move two decades after the
conflicts. For BiH, the analysis leverages a
municipality-representative survey (n = 6, 021) that
captured self-reported education and income outcomes as well
as migration histories. For Croatia, outcomes are measured
using an anonymized education registry that captured
outcomes for over half a million individuals over time. This
allows an assessment of convergence between different
categories of migrants. In both countries, individuals with
greater exposure to conflict had systematically worse
educational performance. External migrants now living in BiH
have better educational and economic outcomes than those who
did not migrate, but these advantages are smaller for
individuals who were forced to move. In Croatia, those who
moved during the conflict have worse educational outcomes,
but there is a steady convergence between refugees and
non-migrants. This research suggests that policies intended
to address migration-related discrepancies should be
targeted on the basis of individual and family experiences
caused by conflict. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Kovac, Dejan Efendic, Adnan Shapiro, Jacob N. |
| author_facet |
Kovac, Dejan Efendic, Adnan Shapiro, Jacob N. |
| author_sort |
Kovac, Dejan |
| title |
Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| title_short |
Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| title_full |
Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| title_fullStr |
Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality : Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| title_sort |
forced displacement, exposure to conflict and long-run education and income inequality : evidence from croatia and bosnia and herzegovina |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099748104262212564/IDU0044f959d03d6f046b40b6970831a4f7cab42 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37397 |
| _version_ |
1764487064237113344 |