Intellectual Property Rights and the TRIPS Agreement : An Overview of Ethical Problems and Some Proposed Solutions

The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights negotiated in 1986 under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the institutional predecessor of the World Trade Organization, incorporated substantial and...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Sonderholm, Jorn
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	BACK UP BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH BUYER BUYERS BUYING POWER CANCER CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES CDS CITIZENS CONSUMERS CREDIBILITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIFFERENTIAL PRICING DIRECT INVESTMENT DISABILITY DISEASES DOMAIN DRINKING WATER DRUGS ECONOMIC INEFFICIENCY ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC THEORY ELECTRICITY EMERGENCIES EPIDEMIC ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS FAIR FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FREE TRADE FUTURE RESEARCH GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GLOBAL HEALTH GLOBAL MARKET GOVERNMENT FUNDING GREENHOUSE GASES HEALTH IMPACT HEALTH PROBLEMS HUMAN ACTIVITY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN WELFARE ILLNESSES IMMUNIZATION INCOME INFANT INFECTIOUS DISEASES INFERIOR PRODUCTS INNOVATION INNOVATION POLICY INNOVATIONS INSTITUTION INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTION INVENTIONS INVESTING IP JOURNAL OF MEDICINE JUDICIAL PROCESS LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT LEGAL ENVIRONMENTS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGAL ISSUES LEGAL OBLIGATION LICENSE LICENSE FEE LICENSES LOST PROFITS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES LOW-INCOME COUNTRY LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS MALARIA MANDATES MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL COSTS MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET ENTRY MARKET FAILURE MARKET INCENTIVES MARKET PRICE MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARES MARKETING MEASLES MEDICAL NEEDS MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS MONOPOLY MONOPOLY PRICES MOSQUITO NET NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES NUMBER OF PEOPLE NUMBER OF PERSONS OPEN ACCESS ORIGINAL CONTRACTS PANDEMIC PATENTS PERSONAL FREEDOM PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PREMATURE DEATH PRICE CONTROLS PRICE DISCRIMINATION PRICING SCHEME PRICING SCHEMES PRIVATE PROPERTY PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROFIT MOTIVE PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHT PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC HEALTH R&D REGISTRATION SYSTEMS RELIABILITY RESEARCH EFFORTS RESERVES RESPECT RESULT RESULTS RETURN RETURNS RICH POPULATIONS SALES SEARCH SHADOW PRICE SIDE EFFECTS SOCIAL JUSTICE STORAGE CAPACITY SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CONTRACT TIME FRAME TRADE BARRIERS TRADE SYSTEM TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPARENCY TRUST FUND TUBERCULOSIS URUGUAY ROUND VACCINES VULNERABILITY WEALTH WEB WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100302132412 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3714