Intellectual Property Rights and the TRIPS Agreement : An Overview of Ethical Problems and Some Proposed Solutions
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights negotiated in 1986 under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the institutional predecessor of the World Trade Organization, incorporated substantial and...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100302132412 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3714 |
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okr-10986-3714 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
BACK UP BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH BUYER BUYERS BUYING POWER CANCER CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES CDS CITIZENS CONSUMERS CREDIBILITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIFFERENTIAL PRICING DIRECT INVESTMENT DISABILITY DISEASES DOMAIN DRINKING WATER DRUGS ECONOMIC INEFFICIENCY ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC THEORY ELECTRICITY EMERGENCIES EPIDEMIC ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS FAIR FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FREE TRADE FUTURE RESEARCH GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GLOBAL HEALTH GLOBAL MARKET GOVERNMENT FUNDING GREENHOUSE GASES HEALTH IMPACT HEALTH PROBLEMS HUMAN ACTIVITY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN WELFARE ILLNESSES IMMUNIZATION INCOME INFANT INFECTIOUS DISEASES INFERIOR PRODUCTS INNOVATION INNOVATION POLICY INNOVATIONS INSTITUTION INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTION INVENTIONS INVESTING IP JOURNAL OF MEDICINE JUDICIAL PROCESS LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT LEGAL ENVIRONMENTS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGAL ISSUES LEGAL OBLIGATION LICENSE LICENSE FEE LICENSES LOST PROFITS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES LOW-INCOME COUNTRY LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS MALARIA MANDATES MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL COSTS MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET ENTRY MARKET FAILURE MARKET INCENTIVES MARKET PRICE MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARES MARKETING MEASLES MEDICAL NEEDS MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS MONOPOLY MONOPOLY PRICES MOSQUITO NET NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES NUMBER OF PEOPLE NUMBER OF PERSONS OPEN ACCESS ORIGINAL CONTRACTS PANDEMIC PATENTS PERSONAL FREEDOM PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PREMATURE DEATH PRICE CONTROLS PRICE DISCRIMINATION PRICING SCHEME PRICING SCHEMES PRIVATE PROPERTY PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROFIT MOTIVE PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHT PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC HEALTH R&D REGISTRATION SYSTEMS RELIABILITY RESEARCH EFFORTS RESERVES RESPECT RESULT RESULTS RETURN RETURNS RICH POPULATIONS SALES SEARCH SHADOW PRICE SIDE EFFECTS SOCIAL JUSTICE STORAGE CAPACITY SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CONTRACT TIME FRAME TRADE BARRIERS TRADE SYSTEM TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPARENCY TRUST FUND TUBERCULOSIS URUGUAY ROUND VACCINES VULNERABILITY WEALTH WEB WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| spellingShingle |
BACK UP BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH BUYER BUYERS BUYING POWER CANCER CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES CDS CITIZENS CONSUMERS CREDIBILITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIFFERENTIAL PRICING DIRECT INVESTMENT DISABILITY DISEASES DOMAIN DRINKING WATER DRUGS ECONOMIC INEFFICIENCY ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC THEORY ELECTRICITY EMERGENCIES EPIDEMIC ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS FAIR FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FREE TRADE FUTURE RESEARCH GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GLOBAL HEALTH GLOBAL MARKET GOVERNMENT FUNDING GREENHOUSE GASES HEALTH IMPACT HEALTH PROBLEMS HUMAN ACTIVITY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN WELFARE ILLNESSES IMMUNIZATION INCOME INFANT INFECTIOUS DISEASES INFERIOR PRODUCTS INNOVATION INNOVATION POLICY INNOVATIONS INSTITUTION INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTION INVENTIONS INVESTING IP JOURNAL OF MEDICINE JUDICIAL PROCESS LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT LEGAL ENVIRONMENTS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGAL ISSUES LEGAL OBLIGATION LICENSE LICENSE FEE LICENSES LOST PROFITS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES LOW-INCOME COUNTRY LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS MALARIA MANDATES MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL COSTS MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET ENTRY MARKET FAILURE MARKET INCENTIVES MARKET PRICE MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARES MARKETING MEASLES MEDICAL NEEDS MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS MONOPOLY MONOPOLY PRICES MOSQUITO NET NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES NUMBER OF PEOPLE NUMBER OF PERSONS OPEN ACCESS ORIGINAL CONTRACTS PANDEMIC PATENTS PERSONAL FREEDOM PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PREMATURE DEATH PRICE CONTROLS PRICE DISCRIMINATION PRICING SCHEME PRICING SCHEMES PRIVATE PROPERTY PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROFIT MOTIVE PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHT PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC HEALTH R&D REGISTRATION SYSTEMS RELIABILITY RESEARCH EFFORTS RESERVES RESPECT RESULT RESULTS RETURN RETURNS RICH POPULATIONS SALES SEARCH SHADOW PRICE SIDE EFFECTS SOCIAL JUSTICE STORAGE CAPACITY SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CONTRACT TIME FRAME TRADE BARRIERS TRADE SYSTEM TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPARENCY TRUST FUND TUBERCULOSIS URUGUAY ROUND VACCINES VULNERABILITY WEALTH WEB WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Sonderholm, Jorn Intellectual Property Rights and the TRIPS Agreement : An Overview of Ethical Problems and Some Proposed Solutions |
| geographic_facet |
The World Region |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5228 |
| description |
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects
of Intellectual Property Rights negotiated in 1986 under the
auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the
institutional predecessor of the World Trade Organization,
incorporated substantial and uniform protections of
intellectual property rights into the international trade
system. A large body of contemporary academic literature
suggests that intellectual property rights on socially
valuable goods such as essential medicines give rise to a
number of ethical problems. This review paper seeks to give
an overview of these problems. Moreover, it offers an
outline and discussion of a number of proposals as to how
these problems might be alleviated. The paper is primarily
descriptive in character. This means that although a
personal perspective is sometimes offered, the primary
ambition of the paper is not to argue for, and defend, a
particular solution to the issues discussed. The aim is
rather to highlight, explain and put into perspective a
number of important arguments in the debate on the ethical
nature of intellectual property rights so that policy-makers
and other stakeholders are relatively well-equipped to make
up their own mind on the issue. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Sonderholm, Jorn |
| author_facet |
Sonderholm, Jorn |
| author_sort |
Sonderholm, Jorn |
| title |
Intellectual Property Rights and the TRIPS Agreement : An Overview of Ethical Problems and Some Proposed Solutions |
| title_short |
Intellectual Property Rights and the TRIPS Agreement : An Overview of Ethical Problems and Some Proposed Solutions |
| title_full |
Intellectual Property Rights and the TRIPS Agreement : An Overview of Ethical Problems and Some Proposed Solutions |
| title_fullStr |
Intellectual Property Rights and the TRIPS Agreement : An Overview of Ethical Problems and Some Proposed Solutions |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Intellectual Property Rights and the TRIPS Agreement : An Overview of Ethical Problems and Some Proposed Solutions |
| title_sort |
intellectual property rights and the trips agreement : an overview of ethical problems and some proposed solutions |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100302132412 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3714 |
| _version_ |
1764387955895435264 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-37142021-04-23T14:02:12Z Intellectual Property Rights and the TRIPS Agreement : An Overview of Ethical Problems and Some Proposed Solutions Sonderholm, Jorn BACK UP BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH BUYER BUYERS BUYING POWER CANCER CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES CDS CITIZENS CONSUMERS CREDIBILITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIFFERENTIAL PRICING DIRECT INVESTMENT DISABILITY DISEASES DOMAIN DRINKING WATER DRUGS ECONOMIC INEFFICIENCY ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC THEORY ELECTRICITY EMERGENCIES EPIDEMIC ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS FAIR FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FREE TRADE FUTURE RESEARCH GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GLOBAL HEALTH GLOBAL MARKET GOVERNMENT FUNDING GREENHOUSE GASES HEALTH IMPACT HEALTH PROBLEMS HUMAN ACTIVITY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN WELFARE ILLNESSES IMMUNIZATION INCOME INFANT INFECTIOUS DISEASES INFERIOR PRODUCTS INNOVATION INNOVATION POLICY INNOVATIONS INSTITUTION INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTION INVENTIONS INVESTING IP JOURNAL OF MEDICINE JUDICIAL PROCESS LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT LEGAL ENVIRONMENTS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGAL ISSUES LEGAL OBLIGATION LICENSE LICENSE FEE LICENSES LOST PROFITS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES LOW-INCOME COUNTRY LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS MALARIA MANDATES MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL COSTS MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET ENTRY MARKET FAILURE MARKET INCENTIVES MARKET PRICE MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARES MARKETING MEASLES MEDICAL NEEDS MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS MONOPOLY MONOPOLY PRICES MOSQUITO NET NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES NUMBER OF PEOPLE NUMBER OF PERSONS OPEN ACCESS ORIGINAL CONTRACTS PANDEMIC PATENTS PERSONAL FREEDOM PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PREMATURE DEATH PRICE CONTROLS PRICE DISCRIMINATION PRICING SCHEME PRICING SCHEMES PRIVATE PROPERTY PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROFIT MOTIVE PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHT PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC HEALTH R&D REGISTRATION SYSTEMS RELIABILITY RESEARCH EFFORTS RESERVES RESPECT RESULT RESULTS RETURN RETURNS RICH POPULATIONS SALES SEARCH SHADOW PRICE SIDE EFFECTS SOCIAL JUSTICE STORAGE CAPACITY SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CONTRACT TIME FRAME TRADE BARRIERS TRADE SYSTEM TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPARENCY TRUST FUND TUBERCULOSIS URUGUAY ROUND VACCINES VULNERABILITY WEALTH WEB WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights negotiated in 1986 under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the institutional predecessor of the World Trade Organization, incorporated substantial and uniform protections of intellectual property rights into the international trade system. A large body of contemporary academic literature suggests that intellectual property rights on socially valuable goods such as essential medicines give rise to a number of ethical problems. This review paper seeks to give an overview of these problems. Moreover, it offers an outline and discussion of a number of proposals as to how these problems might be alleviated. The paper is primarily descriptive in character. This means that although a personal perspective is sometimes offered, the primary ambition of the paper is not to argue for, and defend, a particular solution to the issues discussed. The aim is rather to highlight, explain and put into perspective a number of important arguments in the debate on the ethical nature of intellectual property rights so that policy-makers and other stakeholders are relatively well-equipped to make up their own mind on the issue. 2012-03-19T18:38:24Z 2012-03-19T18:38:24Z 2010-03-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100302132412 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3714 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5228 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region |