Scars of Pandemics from Lost Schooling and Experience : Aggregate Implications and Gender Differences Through the Lens of COVID-19

Pandemic shocks disrupt human capital accumulation through schooling and work experience. This study quantifies the long-term economic impact of these disruptions in the case of COVID-19, focusing on countries at different levels of development and...

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Main Authors:	Samaniego, Roberto, Jedwab, Remi, Romer, Paul, Islam, Asif M.
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2022
Subjects:	CORONAVIRUS COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT HUMAN CAPITAL RETURNS TO EDUCATION GENDER GENDER PAY GAP FEMALE RELATIVE INCOME LABOR MARKETS RETURNS TO EXPERIENCE LOST SCHOOLING
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/277671644367755892/Scars-of-Pandemics-from-Lost-Schooling-and-Experience-Aggregate-Implications-and-Gender-Differences-Through-the-Lens-of-COVID-19 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36972

id	okr-10986-36972
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-369722022-02-11T05:10:37Z Scars of Pandemics from Lost Schooling and Experience : Aggregate Implications and Gender Differences Through the Lens of COVID-19 Samaniego, Roberto Jedwab, Remi Romer, Paul Islam, Asif M. CORONAVIRUS COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT HUMAN CAPITAL RETURNS TO EDUCATION GENDER GENDER PAY GAP FEMALE RELATIVE INCOME LABOR MARKETS RETURNS TO EXPERIENCE LOST SCHOOLING Pandemic shocks disrupt human capital accumulation through schooling and work experience. This study quantifies the long-term economic impact of these disruptions in the case of COVID-19, focusing on countries at different levels of development and using returns to education and experience by college status that are globally estimated using 1,084 household surveys across 145 countries. The results show that both lost schooling and experience contribute to significant losses in global learning and output. Developed countries incur greater losses than developing countries, because they have more schooling to start with and higher returns to experience. The returns to education and experience are also separately estimated for men and women, to explore the differential effects by gender of the COVID-19 pandemic. Surprisingly, while the study uncovers gender differences in returns to education and schooling, gender differences in the impact of COVID-19 are small and short-lived, with a loss in female relative income of only 2.5 percent or less, mainly due to the greater severity of the employment shock on impact. These findings might challenge some of the ongoing narratives in policy circles. The methodology employed in this study is easily implementable for future pandemics. 2022-02-10T15:45:00Z 2022-02-10T15:45:00Z 2022-02 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/277671644367755892/Scars-of-Pandemics-from-Lost-Schooling-and-Experience-Aggregate-Implications-and-Gender-Differences-Through-the-Lens-of-COVID-19 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36972 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9932 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	CORONAVIRUS COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT HUMAN CAPITAL RETURNS TO EDUCATION GENDER GENDER PAY GAP FEMALE RELATIVE INCOME LABOR MARKETS RETURNS TO EXPERIENCE LOST SCHOOLING
spellingShingle	CORONAVIRUS COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT HUMAN CAPITAL RETURNS TO EDUCATION GENDER GENDER PAY GAP FEMALE RELATIVE INCOME LABOR MARKETS RETURNS TO EXPERIENCE LOST SCHOOLING Samaniego, Roberto Jedwab, Remi Romer, Paul Islam, Asif M. Scars of Pandemics from Lost Schooling and Experience : Aggregate Implications and Gender Differences Through the Lens of COVID-19
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9932
description	Pandemic shocks disrupt human capital accumulation through schooling and work experience. This study quantifies the long-term economic impact of these disruptions in the case of COVID-19, focusing on countries at different levels of development and using returns to education and experience by college status that are globally estimated using 1,084 household surveys across 145 countries. The results show that both lost schooling and experience contribute to significant losses in global learning and output. Developed countries incur greater losses than developing countries, because they have more schooling to start with and higher returns to experience. The returns to education and experience are also separately estimated for men and women, to explore the differential effects by gender of the COVID-19 pandemic. Surprisingly, while the study uncovers gender differences in returns to education and schooling, gender differences in the impact of COVID-19 are small and short-lived, with a loss in female relative income of only 2.5 percent or less, mainly due to the greater severity of the employment shock on impact. These findings might challenge some of the ongoing narratives in policy circles. The methodology employed in this study is easily implementable for future pandemics.
format	Working Paper
author	Samaniego, Roberto Jedwab, Remi Romer, Paul Islam, Asif M.
author_facet	Samaniego, Roberto Jedwab, Remi Romer, Paul Islam, Asif M.
author_sort	Samaniego, Roberto
title	Scars of Pandemics from Lost Schooling and Experience : Aggregate Implications and Gender Differences Through the Lens of COVID-19
title_short	Scars of Pandemics from Lost Schooling and Experience : Aggregate Implications and Gender Differences Through the Lens of COVID-19
title_full	Scars of Pandemics from Lost Schooling and Experience : Aggregate Implications and Gender Differences Through the Lens of COVID-19
title_fullStr	Scars of Pandemics from Lost Schooling and Experience : Aggregate Implications and Gender Differences Through the Lens of COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed	Scars of Pandemics from Lost Schooling and Experience : Aggregate Implications and Gender Differences Through the Lens of COVID-19
title_sort	scars of pandemics from lost schooling and experience : aggregate implications and gender differences through the lens of covid-19
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2022
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/277671644367755892/Scars-of-Pandemics-from-Lost-Schooling-and-Experience-Aggregate-Implications-and-Gender-Differences-Through-the-Lens-of-COVID-19 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36972
_version_	1764486306275000320

Scars of Pandemics from Lost Schooling and Experience : Aggregate Implications and Gender Differences Through the Lens of COVID-19

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